RU213355U1 - Signal traffic light module - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to devices for organizing and controlling traffic on railways and safety equipment for railway transport, in particular, by means of an optical light signal - traffic lights. The signal traffic light module contains a block of emitters, to the input of which a sequence of pulses is supplied from the control unit through the frequency-voltage converter unit. The control unit is made on the basis of FPGA. A circuit opening key is connected to the emitter unit and the control unit. The module is connected to a power supply unit, which is connected to a bridge rectifier and a smoothing filter installed at the output of the bridge rectifier, as well as a voltage stabilizer to power the control unit. At the input of the bridge rectifier, a block of reactive loads is installed, made with the possibility of disconnection by means of keys. A resistive current sensor is connected to the measuring input of the control unit. A pulse shaper is connected to the control unit. The technical result is to increase the reliability of the device. The technical solution can be widely used on railways. 8 w.p. f-ly, 1 ill.

Description

The claimed solution relates to devices for organizing and controlling traffic on railways and means of safety in railway transport, in particular, by means of an optical light signal - traffic lights.

Traditionally, two-filament incandescent lamps were used as light sources in railway traffic lights, and, consequently, all the equipment of railway automatic power supply and condition diagnostics was built specifically to work with them. The use of incandescent lamps has serious disadvantages: high maintenance costs associated with the replacement of burned-out lamps, replacement of lamps according to the regulations, additional alignment of newly installed lamps and periodic visits to clean the lenses due to the lack of luminous flux and high active power consumption at low luminous flux .

As an analogue of the proposed solution, a controller device is known for controlling super-bright LEDs in active traffic light heads. The known device contains a control device, a power supply unit, a two-channel microprocessor controller unit, a light source unit and a safe control and shutdown unit. The controller includes two independent sets of microcontrollers with the function of mutual testing and comparison of the received data. The light source block includes a circuit for individually blocking broken LEDs and a two-channel circuit for monitoring failed LEDs. The control unit is designed as a safe control and shutdown unit and includes a physical line opening circuit consisting of four independent sets, two for each power line for each microcontroller. The power supply unit includes an overvoltage protection device, two rectifiers, a filter, a device for switching the traffic light modes (“day”, “night”, “double voltage reduction”) with a stabilized LED supply current, two power supplies that provide a stabilized power supply to two microprocessor channels of the microprocessor controller unit, and current stabilizers connected in series-parallel, which are controlled by the microprocessor controller unit. (Patent of Russia No. RU 2378706, IPC G08G 1/095; published on 01/10/2010).

From the prior art, a solution chosen as the closest analogue is known, a signal traffic light module containing a block of emitters, the power of which is performed by supplying a control sequence of pulses from the microcontroller through a frequency-to-voltage converter unit connected to the block of emitters, a key for opening the circuit of the block of emitters , connected to the emitter unit and the microcontroller, a bridge rectifier connected to the power source, and a smoothing filter installed at the output of the bridge rectifier, which serves to power all elements of the module, as well as a voltage stabilizer to power the microcontroller unit, characterized in that the microcontroller is made with measuring inputs for measuring the voltage drop on the block of emitters and the magnitude of the supply voltage, and at the input of the bridge rectifier there is a block of reactive loads, made with the possibility of switching off by means of keys. (Patent of Russia No. RU 192899, IPC G08G 1/095; published on 04.10.2019).

The claimed technical solution differs from analogues in that it includes a control unit made on the basis of a programmable logic integrated circuit (FPGA) connected to a voltage stabilizer, the emitter unit is powered by supplying a control sequence of pulses from the control unit through the frequency-to-voltage converter unit, connected to the emitter unit, the key for opening the circuit of the emitter unit is connected to the control unit, the control unit is made with measuring inputs for measuring the voltage drop on the emitter unit and the magnitude of the supply voltage.

The task to be solved by the claimed technical solution is to overcome the shortcomings of known devices and create a signal module for a railway traffic light (hereinafter referred to as the "module"), compatible with existing power supply and diagnostic equipment, with increased reliability, capable of functioning stably in the presence of intense industrial interference .

The technical result is to increase the reliability of the device.

The increase in reliability, in particular, is achieved by reducing the heating of all components of the device, providing the ability to quickly turn off the current, reducing voltage ripple, improving noise immunity, as well as by improving the compatibility of the claimed signal traffic light module, which makes it possible to use the module in the long-term safe design of traffic lights without modifying existing equipment.

The claimed technical result is achieved due to the fact that the signal traffic light module containing a block of emitters, a key for opening the circuit of the block of emitters connected to the block of emitters, a bridge rectifier connected to a power source, and a smoothing filter installed at the output of the bridge rectifier, which serves to power all elements of the module, at the same time, at the input of the bridge rectifier, a block of reactive loads is installed, made with the possibility of switching off by means of switches, a voltage stabilizer, includes a control unit made on the basis of a programmable logic integrated circuit (FPGA) connected to the voltage stabilizer, the power supply of the emitter unit is made by supplying of the control sequence of pulses from the control unit through the frequency-voltage converter unit connected to the emitter unit, the key to open the emitter unit circuit is connected to the control unit, the control unit is made with measuring inputs to measure the voltage drop across the block of emitters and the magnitude of the supply voltage.

The signal traffic light module, containing the block of emitters, includes a key for opening the circuit of the block of emitters connected to the block of emitters, necessary to ensure the ability to quickly turn off the current supplying the emitter unit in the event of voltage surges supplying the module, or in accordance with the current mode of operation of the traffic light, and to ensure reliable operation of the device.

A bridge rectifier connected to the power supply and a smoothing filter installed at the output of the bridge rectifier serve to power all the elements of the module, rectify the AC voltage with a decrease in its ripple to optimize the operation of the device and ensure its reliability.

At the same time, at the input of the bridge rectifier, a block of reactive loads and is installed, made with the possibility of disconnection by means of keys.

Thanks to the use of two separate reactive loads and with shutdown circuits and a switchable step-up voltage converter that feeds the emitter unit, full electrical compatibility with existing equipment is achieved, in particular, automatic power supply and diagnostics in all traffic light operating modes. The reactive nature of the loads causes a decrease in heat losses in the module, which significantly reduces the heating of all components of the device and, consequently, increases the reliability and service life of the product.

Signal traffic light module includes control unit, which is designed to measure the voltage drop on the emitter unit and the magnitude of the supply voltage and allows you to identify the module operation mode and open circuit and / or short circuit in the emitter unit. The module operation algorithm is implemented as a state machine built into a miniature programmable logic integrated circuit (FPGA). Rejection of the microcontroller with the program significantly reduces the risk of module failure in conditions of intense industrial interference, increasing the reliability of the device.

The stabilizer connected to one of the inputs of the control unit serves to normalize the power supply of the control unit with piping and stabilize its operation, which is necessary for the reliable operation of the device.

The emitter unit is powered by supplying a control sequence of pulses from the control unit through the frequency-voltage converter unit connected to the emitter unit, while the converter, built as a pulse step-up circuit, depending on the frequency of the control signal of the control unit, generates a constant voltage with a value depending on on the number of block light emitters included in the circuit.

The key for opening the circuit of the emitter unit is connected to the control unit, which makes it possible to activate the key by means of the control unit and quickly turn off the current supplying the emitter unit in case of voltage surges supplying the module, or in accordance with the current traffic light operation mode and is necessary for the reliable operation of the module .

The control unit is made with measuring inputs for measuring the voltage drop across the emitter unit and the magnitude of the supply voltage. Thanks to the measurement of the voltage from the output of the smoothing filter by the control unit, it recognizes the required mode of operation of the traffic light by the value of this voltage and, accordingly, stabilizes the operating current of the emitter. By maintaining the current of the emitter unit constant and measuring the voltage drop across it, the control unit recognizes a short circuit of one or more light emitters or a break in the entire line.

Preferably, the signal traffic light module includes a voltage limiter connected to the power supply, which protects the module circuits from overvoltage in the event of high-energy microsecond impulse noise. The introduction of a voltage limiter block significantly reduces the probability of module failures and increases its service life.

In order to ensure compatibility of this module with new microprocessor devices for traffic light automation and diagnostics, the control unit can be configured to delay turning on the emitter unit by 0.15 s to block emitter flashes at the time of testing cold filaments by the automation and diagnostic device, since this test is performed in these devices using short (85..130 ms) pulses of rated voltage.

Preferably, the control unit is configured to support three operating modes with different emitter currents and reactive load values, which is necessary to ensure better compatibility with existing power supply and diagnostic equipment: incandescent lamps have a non-linear dependence of the current consumption on the applied supply voltage, since the higher the temperature spiral lamp, the higher its resistance. These values are based on the automatic diagnostics and power supply of traffic light lamps.

Preferably, a resistive current sensor is connected to the measuring input of the control unit. A voltage proportional to the current flowing through the emitter unit is generated on the resistive sensor, which is fed to the control unit for measurement. A resistive sensor can be included as a component of the emitter current control circuit and maintaining the current at an optimal level for the operation of the device. By maintaining the current of the emitter unit constant and measuring the voltage drop across it, the control unit recognizes a short circuit in one or more light emitters or an open circuit in the entire line. The ability to quickly autonomously break the electrical circuit makes it possible to protect its components from damage or destruction in the event of a malfunction in the functioning of any of its individual components, thereby increasing the reliability of the device, in particular, maintainability.

The signal traffic light module can be made in the form of a single printed circuit board.

The advantages of this design over known solutions designed to replace incandescent lamps include:

1) all its electronic components are located on a single printed circuit board, manufactured in a single production cycle and, therefore, it is more technologically advanced;

2) due to the precise placement of light emitters on the board and minimal backlash when installing the module on the current-carrying studs of the traffic light, no additional adjustment is required when changing the module;

3) this design, due to the lower concentration of electronic components over the board area, has improved heat dissipation capabilities, which means a lower radiator temperature, which increases the service life and reliability of the module.

The traffic signal module can also be configured to replace the incandescent bulb holder to provide better compatibility with existing power equipment.

The "frequency - voltage" converter block can be made in the form of a pulse step-up circuit so that the converter, depending on the frequency of the control signal of the control unit, has the ability to generate a constant voltage of 20..40 V, depending on the number of block light emitters included in the circuit for further improvement of the indicators of electrical compatibility of the claimed signal traffic light module with existing equipment, in particular, automatic power supply and diagnostics in all modes of operation of the traffic light.

The technical solution is explained further with the help of the figure.

In FIG. 1 shows a functional diagram of the preferred version of the module, the following elements are marked with numbers:

- block (1) emitters;

- control unit (2) (FPGA);

- converter (3);

- key (4);

- bridge rectifier (5);

- filter (6) smoothing;

- voltage stabilizer (7);

- load (8) reactive;

- key (10);

- key (11);

- resistive current sensor (12);

- shaper (13) pulses;

- voltage limiter (14).

In the following, with reference to the figure, one of the preferred embodiments of the module is described. The signal traffic light module contains a block (1) of emitters, to the input of which a control sequence of pulses is supplied from the control block (2) through the block (3) of the "frequency - voltage" converter. The control unit (2) is made on a miniature programmable logic integrated circuit (FPGA). The module operation algorithm is implemented as a state machine, “hardwired” into the FPGA.

A key (4) is connected to the block (1) of the emitters and the control block (2) to open the circuit of the block (1) of the emitters. The module is connected to a power supply unit (not shown in the figure), to which a bridge rectifier (5) is connected, and a smoothing filter (6) installed at the output of the bridge rectifier (5), which serves to power all elements of the module, as well as a stabilizer (7) voltage to power the control unit (2). At the input of the bridge rectifier (5) there is a block of reactive loads (8), (9) made with the possibility of disconnection by means of keys (10), (11). A resistive current sensor (12) is connected to the measuring input of the control unit (2). A pulse shaper (13) is also connected to the control unit (2).

The components of the functional diagram in Fig. 1 have the following interrelationships and purpose: blocks (8) and (9) of reactive loads are connected to block (3) of the "frequency-voltage" converter through a bridge rectifier (5) and a smoothing filter (6), which provide power to all modules of the module, and Together with the converter unit (3), they serve to create the electrical compatibility of the module with the incandescent lamps it replaces, which is necessary for the reliable operation of automatic diagnostics of the state of traffic light lamps in all its operating modes. Semiconductor switches (10) and (11) are connected to the control unit (2), controlled from it, and serve to turn off all or part of the reactive load, depending on the traffic light operation mode. To power the control unit (2) with strapping, a voltage stabilizer circuit (7) connected to one of the inputs of the control unit (2) is used. The frequency-voltage converter unit (3) is also connected to the control unit (2) and converts the control sequence of pulses coming from it into the supply voltage of the emitter unit (1). The key (4) connected at the output of the block (1) of emitters is necessary to quickly turn off the current supplying the block (1) of emitters, by a signal from the control unit (2) in case of voltage surges supplying the module, or in accordance with the current mode of operation of the traffic light . On the resistive current sensor (12), which is connected between the key (4) and the control unit (2), a voltage is allocated that is proportional to the current flowing through the emitter unit (1), which is fed to the control unit (2) for measurement.

Parallel to the input terminals, a voltage limiter unit (14) is connected, which is a protection device for the module circuit against overvoltage on the module above 24 V, which is effective protection against high-energy microsecond impulse noise (GOST R 51317.4.5). Preferably, the control unit (2) is implemented with the possibility of smooth switching on/off of the emitter unit (1).

The control unit (2) is configured to support three modes of operation with different emitter currents and reactive load values, namely: "day", "night", "double voltage reduction" and has the ability to be installed in the traffic light circuit instead of an incandescent lamp holder. In this case, the converter (3) is made according to the scheme of a pulse step-up voltage source.

The module can be made in the form of an electronic device manufactured on a single printed circuit board using the SMD method, placed in a plastic case and filled with a compound. In the central part of the module, above the block (1) of the emitters, a light guide unit can be installed, placed in a light guide housing. For electrical connection, terminals are used, made in the form of through metallized holes in the printed circuit board of the module, through which current-carrying bolts of the traffic light head are passed.

The operation of the module is explained further on the example of using the claimed module instead of two-filament lamps of the ZhS-12-15+15, ZhS-12-25+25 series. These lamps are incandescent lamps, which means that they have a non-linear dependence of the current consumption on the applied supply voltage, because. the higher the temperature of the lamp filament, the higher its resistance. So, for example, for ZhS-12-15 + 15 lamps, for voltages of 4.5 V, 9 V, 12 V (“dsn” modes - double voltage reduction, “night”, “day”), the current consumption will be 0.8A, 1A, 1.25A respectively. The automatic diagnostics and power supply of traffic light lamps are based on these values, and the claimed module must correspond to them.

The implementation of the proposed solution is as follows. An alternating voltage is supplied to the input terminals of the module, the value of which depends on the operating mode of the traffic light set by the operator, namely “day”, “night”, “dsn”. For traffic lights used in railway transport, these are 11.5 V, 9 V, and 4.5 V, respectively. /0.45. On the other hand, this current cannot exceed the maximum allowable value for the transformer supplying the lamp in the "day" mode. For example, for the ST-4M transformer, this current is ~ 1.3A. These conditions are easily met when working with an incandescent lamp, due to the dependence of the resistance of its spiral on the current flowing through it. In the claimed module, for electrical compatibility with automatic diagnostics and power supply, two additional switchable reactive loads (8) and (9) are introduced, as well as a frequency-voltage converter unit (3), made in the form of a pulse step-up voltage source that feeds the unit circuit ( 1) emitters.

In the "dsn" operating mode, part of the consumed current passes through both reactive loads (8) and (9), and switches (10) and (11). In addition, the input voltage is supplied to the bridge rectifier (5), then through the smoothing filter (6) to the frequency-voltage converter unit (3). The rectified and smoothed voltage also enters the stabilizer (7), which feeds the control unit (2), and into the control unit (2) itself, to one of the measurement inputs of the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) built into the programmable logic array (FPGA). The converter (3), built as a pulse step-up circuit, depending on the frequency of the control signal of the control unit (2), generates a constant voltage of 20..40 V, depending on the number of light emitters of the unit (1) included in the circuit. This voltage is also measured by the control unit (2) through its measuring input connected to the output of the converter unit (3). Having passed through the circuit of the emitter unit (1) and the switch (4), the supply current is supplied to the resistive current sensor (12), from which a voltage proportional to this current is supplied to another measuring input of the control unit (2) to form the emitter current control loop. The control unit (2) also receives a signal from the pulse shaper (13), which generates them from the input alternating voltage and, thereby, promptly informs the control unit (2) about the presence/absence of this voltage at the moment. This enables the control unit (2) to form a decrease/increase curve of the current of the emitter unit (1) at the moments of its switching off/on with the time constant of the incandescent lamp. Thanks to the measurement by the control unit (2) of the voltage from the output of the smoothing filter (6), it recognizes the required mode of operation of the traffic light by the value of this voltage and, accordingly, stabilizes the operating current of the emitter, and, consequently, the luminous flux at the required level for the mode "d. s.n "(Uin \u003d 4 ... 5 V).

Since the current consumption of the pulse boost circuit of the converter (3), which stabilizes the current of the emitter unit (1), is inversely proportional to the input supply voltage, the problem of simulating the load of an incandescent lamp can be solved by adding only two disconnected reactive loads (8 and 9), which is done in the claimed device.

In the "night" mode (Uin=9 V), the module functions similarly to the one described above, with the only difference that the control unit (2) determines by the measured voltage from the output of the smoothing filter (6) that for this mode it is necessary to set a higher stabilization current of the unit ( 1) radiators, as well as turn off the reactive load (9) by applying the appropriate signal to the key (11). The need for this load has disappeared, since at a given input voltage and the set current of the emitter unit (1), the total current consumption of the module is sufficient for reliable operation of the automatic diagnostics and power supply.

In the "day" mode (Uin=11.5 V), the control unit (2) sets the full stabilization current to power the emitter unit (1), and also keeps the reactive load (9) off by means of the key (11). Thus, the total current consumption of the module is greater than the current of the fire relay, but less than the maximum current of the supply transformer, thereby ensuring full electrical compatibility with those replaced with incandescent lamps. The reactive nature of the loads (8 and 9) was chosen to reduce heat losses in the module, which significantly reduces the heating of all components of the device and, consequently, increases the reliability and service life of the product. The same purpose is served by the high efficiency of the pulse step-up circuit in the block (3) of the converter.

The control unit (2) in all operating modes of the module, thanks to the measuring inputs, constantly monitors the state of the transducer unit (3) and the emitter unit (1). By maintaining the current of the emitter unit (1) constant and measuring the voltage drop across it, the control unit (2) recognizes a short circuit of one or more light emitters or a break in the entire line. If the unit (3) of the "frequency-voltage" converter does not produce the required voltage or an open or short circuit of the light emitter of the unit (1) is detected, the control unit (2) decides on the failure of the module, turns off both reactive loads (8) and (9), and also breaks the power circuit of the emitter unit (1) using the key (4). The current consumption of the device drops to a minimum, the fire relay located in the power cabinet turns off, due to which the automatic diagnostics receives information about the need to replace the module.

The presented figure, description of the design and use of the module do not exhaust the possible options for execution and do not limit in any way the scope of the proposed technical solution. Other variants of execution and use within the scope of the claimed formula are possible.

Claims (9)

1. A signal traffic light module containing a block of emitters 1, a key 4 for opening the circuit of the block 1 of emitters connected to the block 1 of emitters, a bridge rectifier 5 connected to a power source, and a smoothing filter 6 installed at the output of the bridge rectifier 5, which serves for power supply all elements of the module, while at the input of the bridge rectifier 5 there is a block of reactive loads, made with the possibility of switching off by means of keys, a voltage stabilizer 7, characterized in that it includes a control unit 2, made on the basis of a programmable logic integrated circuit (FPGA), connected to the stabilizer 7 voltage, the emitter unit 1 is powered by supplying a control sequence of pulses from the control unit 2 through the frequency-voltage converter unit connected to the emitter unit 1, the key 4 for opening the circuit of the emitter unit 1 is connected to the control unit, the control unit 2 is made with measuring inputs for measuring the voltage drop across the emitter unit 1 and the magnitude of the supply voltage. 2. The signal traffic light module according to claim 1, characterized in that it includes a voltage limiter 14 connected to a power source. 3. The traffic signal signal module according to claim 1, characterized in that the control unit 2 is configured to smoothly turn on and off the emitter unit 1. 4. The traffic signal signal module according to claim 1, characterized in that the control unit 2 is configured to delay the activation of the emitter unit 1 by 0.15 s. 5. Signal traffic light module according to claim 1, characterized in that the control unit is configured to support three modes of operation with different emitter currents and reactive load values. 6. Signal traffic light module according to claim 1, characterized in that a resistive current sensor is connected to the measuring input of the control unit. 7. Signal traffic light module according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made in the form of a single printed circuit board. 8. Signal traffic light module according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made with the possibility of installing an incandescent lamp instead of a cartridge. 9. The signal traffic light module according to claim 1, characterized in that the frequency-voltage converter unit is made in the form of a pulse step-up circuit.

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