RU2133555C1 - Method and device for high- and low-speed communications through low- and medium-orbit satellites - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: multistation communications through satellites. SUBSTANCE: method involves modulation of high- and low-speed information of different but cophasal carrier-modulating pseudorandom codes, emission of data bursts obtained with preambles to repeater satellites which receive them and estimate errors in delay of codes and carriers; storage of these errors and information part of bursts, this being followed by shaping new bursts and re-emitting them together with sync signal to respective subscriber stations and adjacent repeater satellites where information received is separated and frequency of their transmitters is automatically controlled, carrying capacity of separate high- or low- speed transmission channels is regulated by varying parameters of code- and time-division multiplexing; AFC receivers and transmitters of subscriber stations and adjacent repeater satellites are synchronized for low-speed transmission lines; provision is also made for high- or low-speed information transmission through transparent repeaters additionally mounted on board satellites. EFFECT: improved noise immunity, carrying capacity, and data transmission speed of communication system. 6 cl, 4 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the construction of a personal communication system via relay satellites in low and medium altitude orbits.

 Currently, the most common communication systems using relay satellites in stationary or highly elliptical orbits. However, in recent years, interest in telecommunication systems with low-orbit and medium-orbit satellites has grown sharply. This is due to the fact that with this arrangement of satellites, the energy costs associated with the attenuation of signals in radio lines are reduced, and therefore, antennas and transceiver subscriber equipment are simplified, its weight and dimensions are reduced. Such systems are promising for the organization of global personal communication in underdeveloped and inaccessible areas, especially in cases where the implementation of terrestrial cellular networks is difficult or unprofitable; for communication with moving objects of all types; for the creation of local and global computer networks providing communication with scientific, educational, industrial, public, medical centers; for banking operations and settlements.

 However, it should be noted that the complexity of such communication systems increases with decreasing orbit height, which is determined by the growth of the dynamics of satellite relay transmissions relative to subscribers and a sufficiently large number of satellites in communication systems, the short residence time of satellites in the visibility range of each of the subscribers, and, as a consequence, the complexity target equipment of the communication system. Particular difficulties arise when ensuring stable and continuous communication at any time, regardless of the movement and location of satellites, or, in other words, ensuring the connectivity of the system. Connectivity in such systems is achieved in two main ways: the organization of inter-satellite communication lines and the use of a network of ground-based relays connected by feeder radio links to a relay on satellites. Two types of transponders are used on satellites: transparent transponders that provide direct amplification of signals with conversion of their frequencies, and transponders with signal processing on board the satellite, and in projects of known systems transparent transponders are most often implemented, which are distinguished by their simplicity and low cost.

 The vast majority of projects of such systems are intended for personal communication of subscribers and are designed to transmit low-speed information, including telephone calls and digital data transmission. The most perfect and close to completion projects of systems of this type include projects of the Iridium, Globalstar, and Odyssey systems. We will conventionally call the above systems - low-speed communication systems designed for a transmission speed of not more than 9.6 kbit / s. A distinctive feature of such systems is the use of small-sized subscriber stations, which are made in the form of a handset with a small whip antenna.

 There are also known projects of personal communication systems that ensure the transmission of information at a speed of tens and hundreds of Mbps, which we conventionally call high-speed communication systems. These systems include the Teledesik and M-star projects. Compared to low-speed communication systems, subscriber stations of such systems have larger dimensions, weights, and also more complex antennas, which is determined by the energy of high-speed communication lines.

 Both of these types of low-orbit (mid-orbit) systems are developed separately. The indicated systems use various frequency ranges, various principles for constructing satellite repeaters and subscriber stations, and various information exchange protocols. In the event of the separate development of these two types of communications, many categories of consumers will need to use two types of subscriber stations at once and exchange information simultaneously within two independent satellite personal communication systems, which will lead to an increase in tariffs for services. In addition, the need for the simultaneous use of two types of subscriber equipment can create additional difficulties and inconveniences for consumers, therefore, it is further proposed to combine these systems, but not by simply summing up two independent systems, but using their deeper integration. Thus, we will focus on combining the functions of two types of systems in one integrated system with a single methodology for its construction. Such integration will improve the communication system, making it more versatile, flexible, cost-effective in production and operation. It seems that the integrated system will be more convenient and attractive for many categories of users, since it will expand the range of tasks. An additional task of integration will be the provision of medium information transfer rates, which is especially important in mobile communication networks. The features of the new communication system should be higher noise immunity, bandwidth, and privacy. Such properties will be relevant when using an integrated system for the reliable management of complex industrial facilities, for working in computer networks, for communicating with moving objects, especially when controlling aircraft and ships.

 The listed requirements determined the basic principles of building a satellite communications system, which include the use of pseudo-random signals, the implementation of signal processing on board satellite transponders, and inter-satellite communications to ensure connectivity. In this case, pseudorandom signals with a large base (or with a number of code sequence elements of the order of a thousand or more) can be used for low-speed information transmission with code compression and multi-base coding, and for high-speed transmission, similar signals with only a small base (up to hundreds) , also with code compression and multi-base coding. In this case, it is desirable to provide the ability to vary the base of signals and, therefore, the level of confidentiality and noise immunity over a wide range. Such a solution will also lead to the unification of signal conditioning and processing devices, increasing the profitability of the integrated system.

 The closest technical solution for both the task and the intended result is "The method of multi-station communication for low-orbit satellite systems and a device for its implementation", applicant and author Tuzov Georgy Ivanovich, international application number PCT / RI95 / 00044, international filing date 16 March 1995, international publication number WO 95/25388 of 09/21/95.

 The disadvantages of the prototype include: the lack of solutions aimed at the transmission of high-speed information, as well as the integration of high-speed and low-speed information transmission lines, the lack of solutions related to the universality and flexibility of the personal communication system, both in the range of information transfer rates and in the degree of noise immunity and confidentiality; insufficient decisions to improve the profitability of the communication system; insufficiency of decisions related to providing flexibility when using temporary and code signal compression, as well as with increasing electromagnetic compatibility.

 A small explanation is appropriate here. For the purposes of mobile satellite communications, a sufficiently loaded frequency range (1.6–2.5) GHz is allocated, in which an acute frequency deficit is currently felt. For this reason, developers of high-speed systems use other frequencies, including the millimeter range. Therefore, in an integrated communication system, it is necessary to focus on the use of several (for example, two) frequency bands at the same time. It seems that when integrating tasks of low-speed and high-speed communication, a certain advantage can be obtained: when moving subscribers, you can use the mobile range, and when they are stationary, make better use of high-speed data lines, including for telephone communications.

Thus, the basis of the invention is the creation of a method and device for personal communication, which would improve the well-known information transfer systems by:
- the versatility of the system with a wide range of data transfer rates (from units of bps to hundreds of Mbit / s) and the performance of various types of telecommunication services;
- the flexibility of the system, especially high-speed communication lines and its adaptability to both consumer requirements and channel operating conditions;
- high profitability in production and operation, both due to the unification of the equipment of satellite repeaters and subscriber stations, and due to the integrated use of equipment;
- increased noise immunity and confidentiality, especially through high-speed information transmission channels;
- increased intrasystem and intersystem electromagnetic compatibility, which allow more economical use of the frequency bands allocated to the system and reduce intra-system interference;
- increased reliability, stability and consistency of the work of the entire system and its individual elements due to the development of the service communication network and the integrated use of equipment during integration.

 The problem is solved in that in the method of high-speed communication through satellites in low and medium orbits, which consists in the fact that pseudorandom signals modulated by low-speed information are emitted from subscriber stations, this information is extracted and switched on board the relay satellite and re-emitted in the allotted range frequencies of spatially separated beams at different frequencies, emit in the same frequency range from each repeater satellite its own pseudo-random synchronous signal With phase shift keying to the entire spatial service area with a power density gradually increasing from the center of the zone to its edges while modulating the specified signal with service information designed to control the communication system, the locations of all subscriber stations relative to the spatial cells are monitored on each repeater satellite formed by the beams of the antenna of the satellite-relay, receive packets of low-speed information from subscriber stations and they find their information part, determine by the preamble of the mismatch packets on the carrier frequency and code delay relative to the standards available on each relay satellite with subsequent storing of these mismatches, retrieve from the memory, form and emit groups of information packets in predetermined partial time intervals intended for transmission subscribers in various spatial cells with preambles that include the values of the indicated mismatches for each of the subscriber stations, while at all Attending stations receive the synchronization signal from the service information relay satellite, compensate the transmitters with automatic Doppler shift according to the carrier and clock frequencies using the synchronization signal received from the satellite relay, and automatically adjust their own transmitters according to the carrier frequency and code delay using the mismatch values extracted from the said preamble, internal codes are set at each subscriber station the sensor and the receiver, generate information in digital form and compress it temporarily, perform multi-basic encoding with the allocated internal codes and emit a signal in the allotted partial time intervals with a preamble that includes several periods of the internal code with a fixed delay or several periods of the code allocated to a group of subscriber stations receive packets destined for them, demodulate, compress and extract the information transmitted to them, establish communication between neighboring the repeater satellites located in front of, on the right, on the left, behind, relative to the vector of their movement, while each of the relay satellites by the principle of building a network acts as a subscriber station synchronized from a neighboring relay satellite from which other relay satellites are synchronized, determine on repeater satellites, the time each subscriber station leaves the service area, having previously sent them a warning signal with a recommendation to switch to a new favorable satellite IK-relay on a new partial time interval and frequency of another spatial beam of a low-speed line, while at the subscriber stations, transmitting information on the satellite-relay coming out of the service area, the synchronization signal is received from the new satellite-relay, the Doppler offset is compensated on the carrier and clock frequencies in the transmitter with automatic tuning, set the recommended partial time interval and the allocated frequency, synchronize for a new transmitter relay satellite with automatic tuning, low-speed information is transmitted for some time simultaneously to both relay satellites, and on the new relay satellite the time flows of information coming directly from subscriber stations and relayed out of the coverage area by the relay relay are coordinated, and then they are carried out the transition only to the reception and processing of low-speed information directly from subscriber stations with their notification about it, according to the invention and subscriber stations provide temporary compression of high-speed information, modulate the newly entered internal pseudo-random codes with their information for multi-base coding, modulate the carrier frequency allocated for transmitting high-speed information with the resulting resulting process, while simultaneously generating the mentioned internal codes with small values of their period and higher clock frequencies relative to internal codes used in low-speed communication lines, both of which they print the multiplicity of the periods of the mentioned internal codes, their mutual phasing, as well as the frequency of the clock frequencies, form all the mentioned codes on the relay satellites, ensure their mutual synchronization and phasing with the synchronization code, both by delay of the codes and by the clock frequencies, carried out in subscriber receivers stations receiving and extracting synchronization signals from satellite transponders and mutual synchronization and phasing of internal codes for them to modulate high-speed information, internal for modulating low-speed information and subscriber codes, carry out compensation in transmitters with automatic Doppler shift for the selected carrier and the specified clock frequencies, taking into account the accepted proportions in the lines of low-speed and high-speed communication between the carrier and clock frequencies respectively, carry out the adjustment of their own transmitters with automatic tuning for the said carrier the frequency and time delay of the code at a given clock frequency using the mismatch values extracted from preambles of signals used from satellite transponders modulated with high-speed information, provide simultaneous generation and phasing of internal codes, receive on-board satellite transponders receive packets of signals modulated by high-speed information from subscriber stations on allocated carrier frequencies, internal codes and on dedicated partial time intervals, their demodulation and memorization of the information part of the packages, evaluate the preamble of the packages of values According to the carrier frequency and code delay for each subscriber station relative to the standards available on the satellite-relay transponders with their subsequent storage, high-speed information packets are extracted from the memory, multi-base coding of the internal codes allocated to each subscriber station is performed, and estimates from each subscriber station are extracted from the memory discrepancies in the carrier frequency and code delay, modulate discrepancies the internal code of the preamble, modulate the resulting signal selection carrier frequency and radiate the received signal in a given partial time interval to the spatial cells where the corresponding subscriber stations are located, the partial time intervals of the emission of signal packets by spatially separated beams, as well as the partial intervals of the reception of signal packets are tightly coupled and synchronized with the generated on a satellite-relay, a synchronization signal, and at subscriber stations receive these signals, demodulate high-speed and low-speed other information, it is decompressed, it is auto-tuned according to the entered carrier frequency and the delay of the entered internal codes of the transmitters with auto-tuning using the selected mismatches from the preamble, at the same time, on each repeater satellite, the synchronization signal is modulated with common data designed to coordinate the work of all subscriber stations and neighboring satellite transponders provide modulation of subscriber codes in low-speed communication lines with data providing an individual the coordination of the work of subscriber stations, they carry out the radiation, reception, processing of these signals and their use by the corresponding subscriber stations; on the relay satellites, they estimate the time to leave the service area using high-speed and low-speed communication lines for each of the subscriber stations with their preliminary notification of this and with a recommendation on the transition to communication through new hub-repeaters at new partial time intervals and frequencies of spatial beams of low-speed and high-speed communications, produce on a new satellite-transponders time-synchronous reception and coordination of high-speed and low-speed information coming directly from subscriber stations and the same information coming from a satellite-relay, leaving the field of view through inter-satellite communication lines, receive high-speed and low-speed information only from subscriber stations with their notification about this, provide synchronous generation and phasing in receivers of subscriber stations internal codes with a synchronization code, synchronous generation and phasing of internal codes for transmitting high-speed information are carried out in transmitters with automatic tuning of subscriber stations using internal codes used to transmit low-speed information.

 It is advisable that in the method of high-speed and low-speed communication with use in low and medium orbits, according to the invention, on relay satellites and subscriber stations, the throughput of individual channels of high-speed and low-speed communications is ensured by combining several partial time intervals in one large interval, in in the framework of which information would be transmitted from subscriber to subscriber, and in each such time interval the transmission of several seals was allowed the code signals received from one or several subscriber stations, from the subscriber stations, the packet preamble was transmitted their sequence numbers by modulating the internal preamble code on π, and on the relay satellites the transmitted information was received and demodulated with the allocation of packet numbers and its recording in the corresponding order to the buffer memory, an assessment was made according to the preambles of the packets of levels of the received signals with increased and reduced power and communicated to the corresponding subscriber stations in the preambles x newly formed package levels of its adjustment to the subscriber station and this information is allocated regulated power transmitters also provides on-Stupnikov repeaters circular transfer information to multiple subscriber stations by switching the respective packets.

 It is advisable that in the method of high-speed and low-speed communication using satellites in low and medium orbits, according to the invention, synchronization signals and signals with address codes modulated with service data, as well as signals, are generated and emitted in the direction of neighboring satellite repeaters, according to the invention, modulated by high-speed and low-speed information at the allocated carrier frequencies, partial intervals and internal codes with their multi-base coding in accordance In addition to the transmission address, on neighboring satellites, these signals were received, allocated high-speed and low-speed information and stored in the buffer memory for its subsequent transmission in accordance with the address to other relay satellites or subscriber-destination stations, and service data was extracted and used for coordination the equipment of satellite transponders and corresponding subscriber stations located in the coverage area of this satellite transponder.

 It is advisable that in the high-speed and low-speed communication method using satellites in low and medium orbits, according to the invention, at subscriber stations and relay satellites, search for signals in frequency and delay, initial synchronization of receivers and transmitters with automatic tuning for code delay and frequency, maintaining readiness systems for the immediate transmission of high-speed information after interruptions in communication sessions, carried out on low-speed communication lines, and if necessary, begin the exchange of high-speed the doppler information was used to compensate for the Doppler shift in the carrier and clock frequencies taking into account the ratios of the carrier and clock frequencies adopted in the communication system between high-speed and low-speed communication lines, phased internal codes in transmitters with automatic tuning of high-speed communication lines with the corresponding transmitters of low-speed communication lines, and then performed a synchronous transition to maintaining frequency synchronization and delays only on a high-speed communication line, or neous through the low-speed and high-speed communication, and after completion of the transfer information simultaneously on the two connection lines maintained synchronization only for low-speed communication lines.

 It is advisable that in the method of high-speed and low-speed communication using satellites in low and medium orbits, according to the invention, transparent relay trunks are additionally installed on the relay satellites, through which packets of signals from subscriber stations and neighboring satellite relay transmitters modulated by high-speed and low-speed are relayed information with preambles during their temporary compaction and compaction by code, at subscriber stations and neighboring relay satellites x, they carried out automatic tuning of their own transmitters with automatic tuning according to the carrier frequency and delay of internal codes, using synchronization signals from the corresponding satellite transponders and the received preambles of their own signals, relayed by the transparent trunk of the same repeater, and, due to the automatic tuning of their own transmitters with automatic tuning, the emission of signals modulated high-speed and low-speed information with such lead time in relation to the formation onboard each synchronization signal repeater satellite, which would ensure the relay of signal packets by the transparent trunks of these relay satellites at precisely specified partial time intervals, which in turn would coincide with the intervals at which the spatially separated beams of the transceiver phased antenna arrays of the relay transponders would ensure the transmission of high-speed and low-speed information precisely to those cells in which the corresponding subscribers are located s station destination, receiving and releasing information designed them.

 The problem is also solved by the fact that in the device for a method of high-speed and low-speed communication via satellites in low and medium orbits, containing on the repeater satellite an antenna for transmitting a synchronization signal, transceiver phased array antennas for low-speed communication lines with high-frequency nodes, a block for generating a synchronization signal and service information, receiver of low-speed communication lines and repeater call, frequency grid synthesizer, packet forming unit with buffer memory , a discriminator unit with a preamble generator, a clock generator, a code generator unit, a control system, a subscriber station call generator, a subscriber station including a high-frequency transceiver antenna, a synchronization signal receiver, a self-tuning transmitter, a Doppler shift compensation circuit, a generation unit and processing of digital information and packet formation, according to the invention, transceiver phased antenna arrays are introduced into the repeater satellite for high-speed communication lines with high-frequency nodes, connected at the output to a high-speed communication line receiver, the output of which is connected to a packetizer block with a buffer memory, additionally, internal code generators for high-speed communication lines are added to the code generator block, and discriminators are introduced into the discriminator block with a preamble generator for high-speed communication lines that connect to the block of code generators and to the receiver of high-speed communication lines, and all entered blocks connect the control system, the subscriber stations additionally contain a set of high-speed communication equipment, including a phased array with a high-frequency part, a receiver, a synchronization and information extraction system, a self-tuning transmitter, a Doppler frequency increment compensation circuit, a digital information processing and packet forming unit, connected between themselves and with the control system, a demodulator of high-speed communication lines is introduced, the first input of which is connected to the output of the generator internally of these codes, into which additional shapers of internal codes for high-speed communication lines are added, connected through the input / output of the frequency multiplier by a factor of k to the output of a controlled clock generator, and the second output of the aforementioned demodulator for high-speed information through the output-input of a mixer with an intermediate frequency amplifier is connected to the output of the frequency grid synthesizer, while the compensation circuit for the Doppler frequency increment is connected to the compensation circuit for the Doppler frequency shift, the transmitter a low-speed line is connected to a transmitter with automatic tuning of high-speed communication lines, and a synchronization signal receiver is connected to a synchronization and information extraction system and to a transmitter with automatic tuning, while the output of a controlled generator is connected to a chain consisting of an n times frequency multiplier, a mixer with an intermediate amplifier frequency, phase detector with a low-pass filter, a voltage adder, and the second input of the mixer with an intermediate frequency amplifier is connected to the grid synthesizer for an hour from, and the second input of a phase detector with a low-pass filter is connected to the output of a controlled clock generator, and the introduced generator of internal codes for high-speed communication lines is capable of tight synchronization and phasing from the generator of synchronization codes, with which the subscriber code generator and the internal generator are also synchronized and phased codes for low-speed lines, introduce an additional modulator for high-speed communication and two chains of elements, the input of which is connected to the output the first of these chains includes a frequency discriminator with a low-pass filter connected via a controlled switch to the input of the voltage combiner, the output of which is connected to a controlled generator, the first output of which is connected to the input of the aforementioned modulator for high-speed communication, and the second to the input a phase detector with a low-pass filter, the output of which is connected to the input of the aforementioned voltage adder, a frequency discriminator with a low-pass filter at the second input is connected to the generator internal codes for high-speed lines, a modulator for high-speed communication is connected to the output of the digital information processing unit and the packet generator, as well as to the output of the frequency synthesizer, and by the output, with a phased-array transceiver antenna with a high-frequency part, the second chain of elements includes a delay discriminator with a filter low pass, connected via a controlled switch to a voltage combiner, the first output of which is connected to the input of a phase detector with a low pass filter, and w a swarm output - to the input of the internal code generator for high-speed communication, the output of which through a controllable switch is connected to the said modulator for high-speed communication, the control inputs of these switches being connected to the output of the control system, and the output of the said phase detector with a low-pass filter connected to the second input of the said a voltage adder, and the second input of the delay discriminator with a low-pass filter is connected to the output of the internal code generator for high-speed in this case, the control input of the said internal code generator for high speed communication through a phasing device is connected to the output of the internal code generator for low speed lines, and the phasing device itself is connected to the control system via the control input.

 The invention can be applied in space data relay systems, in communication systems using satellites in high orbits, in terrestrial cellular communication networks, in spacecraft control systems.

 The invention is further explained in the description of its embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, including: FIG. 1 depicts a block diagram of a device for repeater satellite equipment (1) to (13), FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a subscriber station device (14) to (26), FIG. 3 is a more detailed functional diagram of the receiving part of the subscriber stage (27) - (47), FIG. 4 - a more detailed functional diagram of the transmitting part of the subscriber station (48) - (66). In FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 shows the necessary mutual relations between the receiving and transmitting part of the subscriber station.

 It is assumed that transponder satellites have phased-array transceivers that provide reception and transmission of signals, respectively, for low-speed and high-speed communication lines, whose radiation patterns form spatial service areas on the Earth's surface. The boundaries of the service area are determined by the minimum elevation angle at which reliable communication between subscriber stations and each repeater satellite is still guaranteed.

 In turn, phased antenna arrays with their narrower beams form cells on the Earth's surface, within which the transmission (reception) of signals occurs at one of several frequencies allocated for operation.

 Each repeater satellite also has an antenna that emits a pseudo-random synchronization signal throughout the service area. This signal is transmitted in the range of low-speed communication lines and is phase-modulated by overhead information necessary for coordinating the operation of satellite repeaters and subscriber stations. Each repeater satellite transmits a synchronization signal with its pseudo-random code, which is quasi-orthogonal to the synchronization signals from other relay satellites. Synchronization signals and signals carrying information also differ in code form. It is advisable to carry out the radiation of the synchronization signal in those cells into which signals carrying low-speed information do not fall at the moment, which reduces mutual interference. It is advisable for the synchronization signal to simultaneously use all or most of the frequency range allocated for low-speed communication, and to transmit low-speed information to different spatial cells, apply frequency separation, using only separate sections of the selected frequency range at the same time. Greater sync signal bandwidth provides higher clock accuracy.

 At subscriber stations, packets are formed that contain low-speed and high-speed information to be transmitted and emitted to relay satellites, respectively, at frequencies allocated to low-speed and high-speed communications and in dedicated partial time intervals. In this case, pseudo-random internal codes intended, respectively, for transmitting low-speed and high-speed information, it is advisable to have different. It is advisable to generate codes for high-speed transmission of information at higher clock frequencies than for low-speed transmission lines, since for high-speed transmission of information a larger frequency range can be allocated in a less loaded section of the spectrum. In this case, the periods of the code sequences for high-speed communication, it is desirable to have fewer periods used for low-speed communication, however, it is advisable to have these periods multiple. It is also necessary that the clock frequencies used for low-speed and high-speed communications are formed by one clock generator and be phased among themselves, and the generated internal codes for low-speed and high-speed communications should also be rigidly synchronized and phased, which is easier to achieve with a multiplicity of their periods. Rigid synchronization and phasing of the internal codes between each other, as well as with the code of the synchronization signal, greatly simplifies the receivers of subscriber stations and satellite repeaters, increases the reliability of communication, and increases the noise immunity. The signals emitted by subscriber stations should include a preamble consisting of several periods of an internal code allocated to each subscriber station with a fixed delay modulated by information about the number of the transmitted packet. On relay satellites, the corresponding packets are received from subscriber stations with the information part of them stored in the buffer memory, and the discrepancies in frequency and delay are evaluated using the preamble of packets, followed by their storage. Next, the previously received information is extracted from the buffer memory and new groups of information packets are formed, intended for transmission to their recipients (subscriber stations and neighboring relay satellites) with newly formed preambles containing the packet number, the values of the mentioned mismatches, and also the information itself.

 At the same time, all subscriber stations compensate for transmitters with automatic adjustment of displacements on the carrier and clock frequencies, respectively, on high-speed and low-speed communication lines, using the synchronization signal received from the repeater satellite, as well as the specified ratios on the carrier and clock frequencies in the low-speed and high-speed lines communications, they carry out automatic tuning of their own transmitters according to the carrier frequency and code delay, using the values of the corresponding p agreement

 Then, at each subscriber station, internal codes are entered in the transmitter and receiver, respectively, for low-speed and high-speed communications, provide digital information generation and its time compression, carry out its multi-basic encoding with dedicated internal codes and emit signals in the allotted partial time intervals. It should be noted that for synchronization of receivers of low-speed and high-speed communication lines, one synchronization signal is used, which is generated in the frequency range of low-speed communication lines, which reduces the amount of equipment on relay satellites and subscriber stations. Repeater satellites monitor the location of subscriber stations relative to spatial cells formed for low-speed and high-speed communication lines.

 Relay satellites establish communication with neighboring relay satellites in front, rear, right, and left with respect to their motion vector, similarly to established communication between relay satellites and one of the subscriber stations, each satellite relay, according to the principle of network construction, the role of both the subscriber station synchronized from the neighboring repeater satellite and the repeater satellite, from which other relay satellites are synchronized. In this case, it is possible to transmit information simultaneously on two communication lines.

 The use of common principles for building low-speed and high-speed communications provides the integrated use of individual subsystems and nodes of satellite repeaters and subscriber stations, the integrated use of the frequency range, and therefore, the increase in the profitability of the system as a whole. In particular, it is possible to have unified in the integrated communication system: synchronization lines for receivers and transmitters, signal search subsystems and initial synchronization of receivers and transmitters, subscriber call subsystem, Doppler shift compensation subsystem, service communication subsystem between relay satellites and subscriber stations, unified generators pseudo-random codes, unified control systems on the repeater satellite and subscriber stations, unified subsystems providing vital functions spacing and functioning of satellite repeaters and subscriber stations.

 One of the features of the invention is the flexible control of the bandwidth of high-speed and low-speed communication channels, which is achieved in two ways. The first way is to combine several partial time intervals into one interval, within which information is transmitted from subscriber to subscriber, while the transmission rate of information increases by the number of combined partial intervals. The second way is that in any time interval it is possible to transmit several signals compressed by code from both one and several subscriber stations. In this case, the information transfer rate increases (m • i) times, where m is the coefficient characterizing the increase in the partial time interval, and i is the coefficient determining the number of signals compressed by code. Such flexible control of the information transfer rate is a consequence of the simultaneous use of code and time multiplexing.

 When packet information is transmitted, a clear numbering of transmitted packets should be provided for the entire cycle of information transfer from one subscriber station to another. The numbering of packets may be contained in the preamble generated at the subscriber stations, for example, by modulation on π of the internal code of the preamble. On board the relay satellite information about the number of packets will be allocated and ensured the order of recording information in the buffer memory, and subsequently the order of its reading and transmission to subscriber stations and other relay satellites. According to the preamble of received packets on relay satellites, signal levels with increased or reduced power are also estimated, which are recorded and communicated to subscriber stations in the preambles of newly formed packets. At subscriber stations, this information is allocated and regulated by the power of their transmitters, thereby ensuring the adaptation of communication channels to the conditions of their operation. On relay satellites, circular information is also transmitted simultaneously to several subscriber stations by appropriate packet switching.

 Thus, it should be noted that a way is proposed for flexible control of the bandwidth of transmission channels of high-speed and low-speed information, based on uniform principles, which allows you to adapt to the characteristics of the traffic, the operating conditions of the radio links of the communication system, and the wishes of subscribers.

 An important feature of the present invention is the further development of inter-satellite communication lines to ensure reliable system connectivity. Although in modern systems of personal satellite communications more often terrestrial repeaters are used to provide connectivity, in the future in personal communication systems wider use of inter-satellite communication lines is expected, since this increases the coverage area of the earth's surface by each satellite-relay and does not require additional frequencies for feeder lines for communication with a ground repeater.

 Inter-satellite communication on high-speed and low-speed transmission lines is carried out on the same principles as the communication between the repeater satellite and the subscriber station. At the same time, each of the relay satellites in the communication network can play the role of both a slave satellite synchronized from a neighboring relay satellite and a leading satellite from which other satellites are synchronized. With such an organization of inter-satellite communications, the unified principles of building the equipment of a satellite-repeater and subscriber station, as already described above, are preserved, which unifies, simplifies, and therefore reduces the cost of development.

 To implement inter-satellite communication lines on relay satellites, synchronization signals and signals with address codes, modulated by service data, as well as signals modulated by high-speed and low-speed information at allocated carrier frequencies and dedicated internal codes are generated and emitted in the direction of neighboring satellite repeaters. encoding and allocated time intervals in accordance with the transmission address. On neighboring satellites, all these signals are received, high-speed and low-speed information are extracted and stored in a buffer memory for subsequent transmission in accordance with the address to other relay satellites or subscriber-destination stations, and service data is extracted and used to coordinate the operation of relay-satellite equipment and corresponding subscriber stations. At subscriber stations, it is necessary to provide a search and initial synchronization of both correlation receivers and correlation transmitters. Search and initial synchronization systems for correlation receivers and transmitters are given in the prior art "Multi-station communication method for low-orbit satellite systems and devices for its implementation."

 However, due to the fact that this application considers a system with integration of low-speed and high-speed communication lines, it is necessary to consider the integration of signal search and initial synchronization of receivers and transmitters.

 It is proposed at subscriber stations and repeater satellites to search for a signal by frequency and delay, initial synchronization of receivers and transmitters with automatic tuning for code delay and frequency, maintaining the system’s readiness for immediate transmission of high-speed information after interruptions in communication sessions only on low-speed communication lines. If it is necessary to start the transmission of high-speed information, then first it is necessary to compensate for the Doppler increment in the carrier and clock frequencies, taking into account the ratios adopted between the high-speed and low-speed information transmission lines adopted in the communication system.

 Next, it is necessary to synchronize and phasing the internal codes in transmitters with automatic tuning of high-speed communication lines with the corresponding internal codes of transmitters with automatic tuning of low-speed communication lines, and then synchronously switch to maintaining synchronization in frequency and delay only on a high-speed communication line, or simultaneously on high-speed and low speed connection. In the case of brief breaks between information transfer sessions, you should switch to maintaining synchronization on a low-speed communication line for the duration of the break. This approach reduces the equipment involved in this process, and therefore increases the versatility of the communication system and its profitability.

 Another feature of the invention lies in the fact that it is proposed an additional way to increase system throughput on low-speed and especially high-speed communication lines. The meaning of the proposal is to place on board each repeater satellite the simplest transparent shafts of repeaters, the operation of which is provided with temporary and code compression with virtually no additional alterations of subscriber stations. At the same time, through the transparent trunks of the repeater, packets of signals from subscriber stations and neighboring satellite transponders, modulated by high-speed and low-speed information with preambles with their time and code compression, are relayed, subscriber stations and neighboring relay satellites are auto-tuned for their own transmitters with carrier-based auto-tuning frequency and delay of internal codes. The technical difference from the main option is only that for the automatic tuning of transmitters with automatic tuning, synchronization signals are used from the corresponding satellite repeaters and the received preambles of their own signals re-relayed by the transparent trunks of the same relay satellite. This ensures auto-tuning of their own transmitters with auto-tuning in such a way that the subscriber stations emit signals modulated by high-speed and low-speed information with such time delays relative to the synchronization signal generated on board each relay satellite, which provide for relaying signal packets by the transparent trunk of these satellites repeaters in precisely specified partial time intervals.

 Thus, the proposed feature of the invention is aimed at increasing the throughput of the communication system with a very slight complication of satellite repeaters, while the provided mode of operation of the transparent trunks of repeaters with the implementation of temporary compaction allows the use of a purely non-linear and most economical mode of operation of transparent repeaters with minimal levels of harmful non-linear distortions . It is most advantageous to use the described mode of operation with a small number of relaying information (one or two), which allows it to be used in a communication system with the most stressful schedules.

 Consider FIG. 1, which depicts the equipment of a satellite relay. The satellite-repeater equipment includes an antenna (1) for transmitting a synchronization signal, phased-array transceiver antennas (2) for low-speed communication lines with high-frequency nodes, phased-array transceiver-antennas (3) for high-speed communication lines with high-frequency nodes, block (4) generating a synchronization signal and service information, a receiver (5) of low-speed communication lines and calling a repeater, a receiver (6) of high-speed communication lines, a synthesizer (7) of a frequency grid, a block (8) of forming packets with buffer memory, a block of discriminators (9) with a preamble generator, a clock generator (10), a block (11) of code generators, a control system (12), a shaper (13) of calling subscriber stations.

 The block diagram of the apparatus of the subscriber station in FIG. 2 includes a set of low-speed communication equipment (14) - (19) and a set of high-speed communication equipment (20) - (26) interconnected. The low-speed communication equipment kit includes a transceiver antenna (14) with a high-frequency part, a receiver (15), a synchronization signal receiver (16), a self-tuning transmitter (17), a Doppler shift compensation circuit (18), a digital generation and processing unit (19) information and packet formation. The subscriber station’s high-speed communications equipment kit includes a phased array (20) with a high-frequency part, a receiver (21), a synchronization and information extraction system (22), a self-tuning transmitter (23), a Doppler increment compensation circuit (24), a unit (25 ) digital information processing and packet formation, as well as a control system (26).

 In FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 discloses detailed functional diagrams of the equipment of the subscriber station, providing low-speed and high-speed communication. So in FIG. 3, interconnected blocks (16), (22), (24) are shown, and in FIG. 4, the relationship of blocks (17) and (23) is more fully disclosed.

 Block 16 includes a mixer (27) with an intermediate frequency amplifier, a demodulator (28) with an intermediate frequency amplifier, a phase detector (29) with a low-pass filter, a controlled oscillator (30), a delay discriminator (31) with a low-pass filter, a controlled clock generator (32), frequency multiplier (33) k times, generator (34) of internal codes for high-speed lines, demodulator (35) of high-speed information, generator (36) of synchronization codes, generator (37) of subscriber codes, demodulator (38) of subscriber code generator (39) of internal codes for low-speed lines, demodulator (4) low-speed information.

 Block 24 includes an n-fold frequency multiplier (41), a mixer (42) with an intermediate frequency amplifier, a phase detector (43) with a low-pass filter, a mixer (44) with an intermediate frequency amplifier, a frequency synthesizer (45), a mixer ( 46) with an intermediate frequency amplifier, a phase detector (47) with a low-pass filter.

 In FIG. 4 shows a circuit (48) for signal search and initial synchronization of a self-tuning transmitter (17), which contains a delay discriminator (49) with a low-pass filter, a voltage combiner (50), a controlled clock (51), and a rejection and addition circuit (52) clock pulses, an internal code generator (53) for low-speed lines and a subscriber code generator, a modulator (54), a frequency discriminator (55) with a low-pass filter, a voltage adder (56), a controlled generator (57).

 A self-tuning transmitter (23) includes a phasing device (58), a frequency discriminator (59) with a low-pass filter, a voltage adder (60), a controlled oscillator (61), a delay discriminator (62) with a low-pass filter, a voltage adder ( 63), a controlled clock (64), an internal code generator (65) for high-speed communication lines, a modulator (66) for high-speed communication.

 The antenna (1) for transmitting the synchronization signal with the high-frequency part should ensure uniform distribution of signal power in the entire coverage area of the repeater satellite.

 To increase the accuracy of synchronization, it is desirable to use as large a frequency band as possible for the operation of the communication system. However, the use of the entire frequency band and the placement of a synchronization signal and information signals in it will lead to mutual interference. An effective way to compromise is that with time and frequency multiplexing for information transmission, only part of the allocated frequency range can be used simultaneously, while another part of this range can be used to transmit only the synchronization signal.

 The antenna is connected to a synchronization signal generating unit (4) and service information, which in turn is connected to a frequency grid synthesizer (7), a clock generator (10), code generator unit (11), a control system (12), a shaper (13) call subscriber stations. Transceiver phased antenna arrays (2) for low-speed communication lines with a high-frequency node are connected to a receiver (5) of low-speed communication lines and a repeater call and to a packet-forming unit (8) with buffer memory, as well as with a control system (12).

 Introduced phased-array transceiver antennas for high-speed communication lines (3) with a high-frequency node are connected to a packet-forming unit (8) with buffer memory, a control system (12), and an inserted high-speed line receiver (6). In block (8) for the formation of packets with buffer memory, an accumulation and formation of groups of information packets occurs, which are intended for radiation to subscribers in different spatial cells. Each such package includes a preamble containing estimates of the discrepancy in delay and frequency, as well as information on the adjustment of the power of the transmitters of subscriber stations. The content of the preamble is formed by the block (9) of discriminators with the shaper of the preamble.

 Operation management and synchronization of units (2), (3), (4), (5), (6) is performed by the control system (12), which in turn is synchronized by the clock generator (10). A receiver (5) of low-speed lines and a repeater call is connected at the outputs to a control system (12) and to a subscriber station call shaper (13). To call the repeater, a matched digital filter is used, which is included in block (13) configured for the call code. In this case, call codes generated by different subscriber stations differ from each other both in delay and / or in the form of the code. Therefore, the receiver (5) of the low-speed lines and the call of the relay is connected at the output to the control system (12), which provides an estimate of the delay of the low-speed communication lines and call of the relay of the code received by the receiver (5) and thereby identifies the number of the subscriber station calling the satellite-relay. In the memory of the control system (12), the approximate coordinates of each subscriber station are laid, so that the zone (cell) in which this or that subscriber is located is also determined. After that, the calling subscriber station using blocks (12, 11, 13) is allocated and reported its own internal code, using which it receives information about the called subscriber station, after which, if the latter is not busy, form a call to the subscriber station using the shaper (13) calling subscriber stations and block (8) packetizer with buffer memory.

 In this case, a block (11) of code generators (synchronization codes, internal codes for low-speed lines, subscriber codes and entered internal codes for high-speed communication lines), a control system (12), a shaper (13) for calling subscriber stations, a block (4) for generating a signal synchronization and service information are tightly synchronized from the clock generator (10), and in addition, all the mentioned code generators are phased among themselves.

 A set of high-speed communication equipment (20-25), shown in FIG. 2, which is interfaced with a set of low-speed communications equipment. In this case, the operation of the sets of low-speed and high-speed communication equipment is controlled from a single control system (26), which includes a control digital machine.

 In FIG. 2 shows that the receiver (16) of the synchronization signal is connected to the synchronization and information extraction system (22) and a self-tuning transmitter (23) of high-speed communication, a self-tuning transmitter (17) is connected to a self-tuning transmitter (23) of high-speed communication, and the compensation circuit Doppler shift (18) is associated with a compensation scheme (24) of Doppler increment. The following is a more detailed description of the relationships between the low speed and high speed communications equipment sets with reference to FIG. 3 and FIG. 4.

 From the output of the phased antenna array (20) with the high-frequency part, the signals from the repeater satellite are sent to the receiver (21) and the synchronization and information extraction system (22). The information extraction system is a set of correlators, the number of which is equal to the base of the received internal code, connected at the output to the decision circuit. Internal codes from the outputs of the internal code generator for high-speed lines (34) are received at the reference inputs of these correlators (Fig. 3). The receiver of the synchronization signal is the following filter, which includes two tracking loops. The first circuit with elements (27) - (30) is a phase (or frequency) frequency locked loop and contains a mixer (27) with an intermediate frequency amplifier, a demodulator (28) with an intermediate frequency amplifier, a phase detector (29) with a low-pass filter, controlled generator (30).

 The second circuit with elements (31), (32), (36) is a delay tracking circuit and contains a delay discriminator (31) with a low-pass filter, a controlled clock (32), a synchronization code generator (36). These two circuits are interconnected by cross-links. At the same time, the controlled clock generator (32) is additionally connected to the subscriber code generator (37), to the internal code generator (39) for low-speed lines, and also through the frequency multiplier (33) k times with the internal code generator (34) for high-speed lines communication. The coefficient k is equal to the ratio of clock frequencies in the lines of high-speed and low-frequency information transmission. Moreover, all the mentioned generators of synchronization codes (36), subscriber codes (37), internal codes for low-speed lines (39), internal codes for high-speed lines are synchronized from a single controlled clock generator (33) and are phased between each other. In turn, the listed code generators are connected at the reference outputs to the corresponding demodulators: the internal code generator (34) for high-speed lines is connected to the high-speed information demodulator (35), the subscriber code generator (37) is connected to the subscriber code demodulator (38), and the generator ( 39) internal codes for low-speed lines is connected to the low-speed information demodulator (40).

In FIG. Figure 3 also shows the elements of the compensation circuit (24) of the Doppler increment of a high-speed set of equipment. So, the above-mentioned controlled phase-locked oscillator (30) of frequency locked loop (27-30) is connected to the frequency multiplier (41) n times. The value of n is determined by the ratio of the carrier frequencies in the radio links of high-speed and low-speed communication. The frequency multiplier (41) is n times connected to the mixer (42) with an intermediate frequency amplifier, the second input of which receives a signal from the frequency grid synthesizer (45). If we assume that a signal with a frequency n (f _n ± f _d ), where f _n is the nominal frequency of the controlled generator (30), f _d is the current Doppler frequency shift, and the second input of the said mixer from the output of the synthesizer (45) of the frequency grid receives a signal with a frequency of (n + 1) f _n , then at the output of the mixer we get a difference component equal to f _n ± nf _d . If now this signal is introduced into the transmitter loop with automatic tuning (23) in the carrier frequency, then the Doppler increment at the frequency of the high-speed communication line can be compensated.

In FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a self-tuning transmitter unit (23). It also shows the scheme (17) of the transmitter with automatic tuning of a set of low-speed equipment. The self-tuning transmitter (23) consists of two loops. The first frequency tracking circuit includes a frequency discriminator (59) connected in series with a low-pass filter, a switch K ₂ controlled from a control system (26), a voltage combiner (60), a controlled oscillator (61) connected to a high-speed line modulator (66) communication, which is connected to the phased array (20) at the output. Above, a desire was expressed to introduce the Doppler increment f _n ± nf _d into the transmitter circuit (23) with automatic tuning in the carrier frequency. To this end, the output of the mixer (42) with an intermediate-frequency amplifier is connected to the first input of the phase detector (43) with a low-pass filter, and a signal from the output of the controlled generator (61) is supplied to its second input, and the output of the phase detector (43) with a filter the lower frequencies are connected to the second input of the voltage adder (60), then the above-mentioned elements (43), 60), (61) form a phase-locked loop that provides compensation for the Doppler increment in the carrier frequency. Similarly, compensation for Doppler increment in clock frequency is provided. Auto-tuning of the transmitter with auto-tuning (23) for the delay is provided by a circuit consisting of a delay discriminator (62) connected in series with a low-pass filter, a key K ₂ , a voltage combiner (63), a controlled clock generator (64), and an internal code generator (65) for high-speed transmission, key K ₃ , controlled from the control system (26), as well as the aforementioned modulator (66). The voltage adder (63) is supplied with voltage from the output of the phase detector (47) with a low-pass filter, the first and second input of which are supplied with signals from the output of the controlled clock generator (64) and the output of the mixer (46) with an intermediate-frequency amplifier, the corresponding inputs which are connected to the aforementioned synthesizer (45) of the frequency grid and the output of the frequency multiplier (33) by k times.

 The operation of the device is as follows. The repeater satellite generates and emits a pseudo-random synchronization signal. Subscribers search for a synchronization signal by frequency and delay, after which they switch to synchronous monitoring of signal parameters using a dual-loop servo filter including a phase-locked loop (elements (27) - (30) and a delay tracking loop (elements (31), ( 32), (36)), which are interconnected, and it is also possible to receive and extract service information, which is generated by the synchronization signal and service information generating unit (4) and transmitted from the repeater satellite by modulation to the π signal At the same time, synchronization and phasing on the synchronization signal of all other code generators is provided - the internal code (39) for low-speed transmission, the internal code (34) for high-speed transmission. Then the caller compensates for the Doppler shift in carrier and clock frequencies using the compensation scheme ( 18) Doppler shift and, using the internal subscriber code generator (53), sends a call to the relay satellite by sending several periods of the subscriber code with a fixed delay, which is fixed by the receiver (5) of low-speed lines and calling the relay. The repeater call receiver is a digitally matched filter, at the output of which pulses are generated, the delay of which determines the number of the calling subscriber station. After that, from the repeater satellite using the subscriber code, the subscriber is informed of the time interval and the internal code for communication with the repeater satellite. The subscriber sets the recommended time interval and internal code in the transmitter with automatic tuning, searches for and initial synchronizes the transmitter with automatic tuning, and then reports the number of the called subscriber with the desire to conduct a low-speed or high-speed transmission, or both types of transmission simultaneously. On the repeater satellite, the coordinates of the called subscriber and their spatial location cell are identified by the number of the called subscriber; when the called subscriber is free, a call is made on his subscriber code and the time interval and internal codes for two-way communication are reported. Similar information is also transmitted to the caller. Both subscribers set the time intervals and the corresponding internal codes in the receivers (16) and (22), in the transmitters (17) and (23) with automatic tuning and provide the specified transmission mode. In this case, the following types of transmissions are possible: only on a low-speed line (using block 17), only on a high-speed line (using block 23), or simultaneously on two information transmission lines using blocks (17) and (23). Information can be received respectively using three demodulators: a demodulator (35) for high-speed information, a demodulator (38) for a subscriber code, and a demodulator (40) for low-speed information.

Claims (6)

 1. The method of high-speed and low-speed communication via satellites in low and medium orbits, which consists in the fact that pseudorandom signals modulated by low-speed information are emitted from subscriber stations, this information is extracted and switched on board the relay satellite and re-emitted in a allocated frequency range of spatially spaced beams at different frequencies simultaneously emit their own pseudo-random synchronization signal with phase in the same frequency range from each repeater satellite Manipulating the entire spatial service area with a power density gradually increasing from the center of the zone to its edges, modulating this signal with service information designed to control the communication system, monitors the locations of all subscriber stations relative to the spatial cells formed on each repeater satellite the antenna antenna of the repeater satellite, receive packets of low-speed information from subscriber stations and memorize their information They are determined by the preamble of the mismatch packets according to the carrier frequency and code delay relative to the standards located on each repeater satellite, with subsequent storing of these mismatches, the groups of information packets are retrieved from memory, formed and emitted at specified partial time intervals intended for transmission to subscribers in different spatial cells with preambles that include the values of the indicated mismatches for each of the subscriber stations, while at all subscriber stations x stations receive the synchronization signal from the satellite-relay and extract service information, carry out compensation in transmitters with automatic Doppler shift on the carrier and clock frequencies using the synchronization signal received from the satellite-relay, carry out automatic adjustment of their own transmitters on the carrier frequency and code delay using mismatch values extracted from the said preamble are set at each subscriber station internal codes in to the receiver and the receiver, form the information in digital form and produce its temporary compression, carry out its multi-basis encoding with the allocated internal codes and emit the signal in the allotted partial time intervals with a preamble that includes several periods of the internal code with a fixed delay or several periods of the code allocated to the group of subscriber stations receive packets intended for them, demodulate, decompress and extract the information transmitted to them, establish communication between neighboring repeater satellites in front, right, left, and rear relative to the motion vector, while each of the relay satellites, according to the principle of building a network, plays the role of both a subscriber station synchronized from a neighboring relay satellite and a repeater satellite from which other repeater satellites, determine on the repeater satellites the time each subscriber station leaves the service area, having previously sent them a warning signal with recommendations on transition to communication with a new favorable satellite-relay at a new partial time interval and frequency of another spatial beam of a low-speed line, while at the subscriber stations, transmitting information to the satellite-relay coming out of the service area, the synchronization signal is received from the new satellite-relay, compensate Doppler shift in carrier and clock frequencies in the transmitter with automatic tuning, set the recommended partial time interval and the selected frequency y, synchronize with a new transmitter repeater satellite with automatic tuning, transmit low-speed information for some time simultaneously to both repeater satellites, and on a new repeater satellite coordinate the information flows arriving directly from subscriber stations and relayed out of the coverage area by a satellite- repeater, after which they switch only to receiving and processing low-speed information directly from subscriber stations, notifying them of this m, characterized in that at the subscriber stations provide temporary compression of high-speed information, modulate the entered information with the entered information pseudo-random codes for their multi-basis coding, modulate the carrier frequency allocated for transmitting high-speed information with the resulting process, simultaneously generating the mentioned internal codes with small values of their period and higher clock frequencies relative to internal codes used in low speed lines x communications, providing the multiplicity of periods of the mentioned internal codes, their mutual phasing, as well as the multiplicity of clock frequencies, form all the mentioned codes on the relay satellites, provide their mutual synchronization and phasing with the synchronization code both by delay of codes and by clock frequencies, in the receivers of subscriber stations, the reception and separation of synchronization signals from satellite repeaters and the mutual synchronization and phasing of internal codes for them to modulate high-speed information, codes for modulating low-speed information and subscriber codes, compensate for transmitters with automatic Doppler shift for the selected carrier and the specified clock frequencies, taking into account the accepted proportions in the lines of low-speed and high-speed communication between the respective carrier and clock frequencies, carry out automatic tuning of their own transmitters with automatic tuning for the said carrier frequency and time delay of the code at a given clock frequency using mismatch values extracted from the preambles of signals received from satellite transponders modulated by high-speed information, provide synchronous generation and phasing of internal codes, on-board satellite transponders receive packets of signals modulated by high-speed information from subscriber stations on allocated carrier frequencies and internal codes on the selected partial time intervals, their demodulation with storing the information part of the packages, carry out the assessment according to the preamble of packets of values For discrepancies in the carrier frequency and code delay for each subscriber station relative to the standards available on the satellite-relay transponders and their subsequent storage, high-speed information packets are extracted from the memory, multi-base coding of the internal codes allocated to each subscriber station is performed, and the codes related to each subscriber station are extracted from the memory estimates of the discrepancies in the carrier frequency and code delay, modulating the internal preamble code with the discrepancies, modulate the resulting the selected carrier frequency and emit the received signal in predetermined partial time intervals to the spatial cells where the subscriber stations are located, while the partial time intervals for the emission of signal packets by spatially separated beams, as well as the partial reception intervals of the signal packets are tightly coupled and synchronized with the synchronization signal generated by the repeater satellite, and at the subscriber stations they receive these signals, demodulate high-speed and low-speed information, carry out its decompression, and also perform auto-tuning according to the entered carrier frequency and the delay of the entered internal codes of the transmitters with auto-tuning using the selected mismatches from the preamble, simultaneously synchronize the common data on each repeater satellite to coordinate the work of all subscriber stations and neighboring satellite repeaters, in addition, provide modulation of subscriber codes and internal codes in leased lines low growth data communication, providing individual coordination of the work of subscriber stations, emit, receive, process these signals and use them by the corresponding subscriber stations, evaluate the time of leaving the service area on relay satellites using high-speed and low-speed lines of each of the subscriber stations with their preliminary information this with a recommendation to switch to communication through new relay satellites at new partial time intervals and frequencies strange beams of low-speed and high-speed communications; on new repeater satellites, they receive and synchronize in time the high-speed and low-speed information coming directly from subscriber stations and the same information coming from the repeater satellite leaving the field of view through inter-satellite communication lines, and then they receive high-speed and low-speed information only from subscriber stations with their notification about it, provide in the receivers x stations, the synchronous generation and phasing of internal codes from synchronization codes is carried out in transmitters with automatic tuning of subscriber stations; the synchronous generation and phasing of internal codes intended for the transmission of high-speed information is performed using internal codes used to transmit low-speed information.  2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that on the satellite transponders and subscriber stations provide bandwidth control of individual channels of high-speed and low-speed communications by combining several partial time intervals into one large interval, in which information is transmitted from subscriber to subscriber , and in each such time interval they allow the transmission of several signals compressed by code from both one and several subscriber stations, from subscriber stations transmit in pream boolean packets, their serial numbers by modulation on π of the internal preamble code, and on relay satellites receive and demodulate the transmitted information with the allocation of packet numbers and write the received information to the buffer memory in the corresponding order, evaluate the received signal levels with increased and lowered values from the packet preambles power and inform the corresponding subscriber stations in the preambles of newly formed packets the levels of its adjustment, at subscriber stations this information is allocated and regulated the power of their transmitters, as well as to provide a relay satellite transmission of information to multiple circular subscriber stations by the corresponding packet switching.  3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that synchronization signals and signals with address codes modulated with service data, as well as signals modulated by high-speed and low-speed information on the selected carrier frequencies, partial intervals and internal codes when they are codified in accordance with the transmission address, these signals are received on neighboring satellites, and they emit high-speed and low-speed information and enter it into the buffer memory for subsequent transmission in accordance with the address to other relay satellites or destination subscriber stations, and service data is allocated and used to coordinate the operation of satellite relay equipment and corresponding subscriber stations.  4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, at subscriber stations and relay satellites, searching for signals in frequency and delay, initial synchronization of receivers and transmitters with automatic tuning for code delay and frequency, maintaining the system’s readiness for immediate transmission of high-speed Information after breaks in communication sessions is carried out on low-speed communication lines, and if necessary, the exchange of high-speed information is carried out, Doppler shift compensation in carrier and clock frequencies with According to the ratios adopted in the communication system for carrier and clock frequencies between high-speed and low-speed communication lines, codes are synchronized and phased in transmitters with automatic tuning of high-speed communication lines with the corresponding internal codes of transmitters of low-speed communication lines, they only synchronize to maintain synchronization in frequency and delay only on a high-speed communication line or simultaneously on the lines of low-speed and high-speed communication, and after completion before chi information simultaneously on two lines due to sync only supports low-speed links.  5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that transparent relay trunks are additionally installed on the relay satellites, through which relay packets of signals from subscriber stations and neighboring relay satellites modulated with high-speed and low-speed information with preambles for temporary their compaction and compaction by code, at subscriber stations and adjacent relay satellites, carry out self-tuning of their own transmitters with auto-tuning according to the carrier frequency and delay morning codes using synchronization signals from the respective satellite repeaters and received preambles of their own signals, relayed by the transparent trunk of the same satellite relay, provide due to the auto-tuning of their own transmitters with automatic tuning, the emission of signals modulated by high-speed and low-speed information, with such time lag relative to generated aboard each satellite-repeater synchronization signal that provide retransmission the transmission of the aforementioned signal packets by the transparent trunks of these satellite transponders at precisely specified partial time intervals that coincide with the intervals at which the spatially separated beams of the transceiver phased antenna arrays of the satellite transponders transmit high-speed and low-speed information precisely to those cells in which the corresponding subscriber-destination stations that receive and allocate information intended for them.  6. A device for high-speed and low-speed communication via satellites in low and medium orbits, containing an antenna (1) for transmitting a synchronization signal on a repeater satellite, phased-array transceiver antennas (2) for low-speed communication lines with high-frequency nodes, a generating unit (4) synchronization signal and service information, a receiver (5) of low-speed communication lines and a repeater call, a frequency synthesizer (7), a packet generation unit (8) with buffer memory, a discriminator unit (9) with we have preambles, a clock generator (10), a block (11) of code generators, a control system (12), a shaper (13) for calling subscriber stations, while the antenna (1) is connected to the block (4) for generating a synchronization signal and service information connected with a synthesizer (7) of the frequency grid, a clock generator (10), a block (11) of code generators, a system (12) for controlling a phase shifter (13) for calling subscriber stations, transceiver phased array antennas (2) for low-speed communication lines with high-frequency nodes connected to receiver (5) link communication lines and calling the repeater and with the block (8) forming packets with buffer memory, as well as with the control system (12), also connected to the receiver (5) of low-speed communication lines, block (8) forming packets with buffer memory, a clock (10), a shaper (13) for calling subscriber stations, a block (9) of discriminators with a shaper of a preamble and a block (11) of code generators, a synthesizer (7) of a frequency grid is connected to a receiver (5) of low-speed communication lines and to a clock generator (10) , block (11) of code generators connected to a block (8) of forming packets with a buffer memory and to a block (9) of discriminators with a preamble generator, a shaper (13) of calling subscriber stations is connected to a block (8) of forming packets with a buffer memory connected to a block (9) of discriminators with a shaper of preamble , to a receiver (5) of low-speed communication lines connected to a block (9) of discriminators with a preamble driver, a subscriber station including a transceiver antenna (14) with a high-frequency part, a receiver (15), a synchronization signal receiver (16), a transmitter auto-tuning (17), a Doppler shift compensation circuit (18), a digital information generation and processing unit (19) and packet formation (19), and a digital information generation and processing unit (19) and packet formation is connected to the auto-tuning transmitter (17) connected to a transceiver antenna (14) with high-frequency communication, a receiver (15) connected to a synchronization signal receiver (16), a self-tuning transmitter (17) and a Doppler shift compensation circuit (18), characterized in that the satellite-relay repeater but it contains phased-array transceiver antennas (3) for high-speed communication with high-frequency nodes, a receiver (6) of high-speed communication lines connected to a phased antenna array (3) and to a packet formation unit (8) with buffer memory, to the generator block (11) codes are additionally introduced by internal code generators for high-speed communication lines, and discriminators with a preamble generator are introduced into discriminator block (9) with high-speed communication lines, which are connected to code generator block (11) and to to the receiver (6) of high-speed communication lines, and all the introduced blocks are connected to the control system (12), subscriber stations additionally contain a set of high-speed communication equipment, including a phased antenna array (20) with a high-frequency part, a receiver (21), system (22 ) synchronization and information extraction, a self-tuning transmitter (23), a compensation circuit (24) for Doppler increment, a digital information processing and packet forming unit (25) connected to the inputs and outputs of the control system (26), while the outputs the receiver (21) is connected to the inputs of the information synchronization and extraction system (22), the self-tuning transmitter (23) and the Doppler increment compensation circuit (24), the digital information processing and packet generation unit (25) is connected to the inputs of the self-tuning transmitter ( 23) and a phased antenna array (20) with a high-frequency part, a high-speed information demodulator (35) is introduced into the receiving part of the subscriber station, the first input of which is connected to the output of the internal code generator (34) for high-speed lines, connected through the output-input of the frequency multiplier (33) by a factor of K with the output of the controlled clock generator (32), and the second input of the aforementioned demodulator (35) high-speed information through the output-input of the mixer (44) with an intermediate frequency amplifier is connected to the output of the synthesizer (45 ) the frequency grid, while the output of the Doppler shift compensation circuit (18) is connected to the input of the Doppler increment compensation circuit (24), the output of the self-tuning transmitter (17) is connected to the input of the self-tuning transmitter (23), and the receiver (16) of the synchronization signal and is connected at the outputs to the input of the system (22) for synchronizing and extracting information and a self-tuning transmitter (23), while the output of the controlled generator (30) is connected to a circuit consisting of an n times frequency multiplier (41), a mixer (42) with an intermediate frequency amplifier, a phase detector (43) with a lowpass filter, a voltage adder (60), the second input of the mixer (42) with an intermediate frequency amplifier connected to the output of the synthesizer (45) of the frequency grid, and the second input of the phase detector (43) with low-pass filter connected to the output of the control the inventive clock generator (61), moreover, the generator (34) of internal codes for high-speed lines, the generator (37) of subscriber codes and the generator (39) of internal codes for low-speed lines are capable of tight synchronization and phasing from the generator (36) of synchronization codes, in a self-tuning transmitter (23) introduces a modulator (66) for high-speed communication, the output of which is connected to the input of a phased array (20) with a high-frequency part, as well as two chains of elements, the input of which is connected to the output of the receiver (21), The first chain includes a frequency discriminator (59) with a low-pass filter connected via a controlled switch K2 and a voltage combiner (60) to the input of a controlled generator (61), the first output of which is connected to the input of the modulator (66) for high-speed communication, and the second to the input of the phase detector (43) with a low-pass filter, the output of which is connected to the input of the voltage adder (60), and the second chain of elements includes a delay discriminator (62) connected via a controlled switch K2 and the voltage adder (63) to the input an inventive clock generator (64), the first output of which is through the input of the generator (65) of internal codes for high-speed communication lines and the controlled switch K3 is connected to a modulator (66) for high-speed communication, the second input of the voltage adder (63) is connected to the output of the phase detector (47 ) with a low-pass filter, and the second output of the controlled clock (64) is connected to the output of a phase detector (47) with a low-pass filter, the second inputs of the delay discriminators (62) and frequencies (59) with low-pass filters are connected to the generator frames (34) of internal codes for high-speed lines, and a modulator (66) for high-speed communication is connected to the input with a digital information processing and packet forming unit (25) and a frequency grid synthesizer (45), the control inputs of switches K2 and 43 are connected to the output control system (26), while the control input of the generator (66) of internal codes for high-speed communication lines is connected via a phasing device (58) to the output of the generator (53) of internal codes for low-speed lines, and the phasing device (58) is connected to the control input connected to the control system (26).

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