RU2131164C1 - Generator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electrical engineering. SUBSTANCE: generator is permanent-magnet machine built up of internal and external blocks of stators and rotors. Block of internal and external rotors has commutators with removable shells for replacing their brushes and springs installed in seats of block of internal and external stators for setting rotor block in rotary motion. Ends of stator block carry pin-mounted rollers meant to maintain gaps of fields of magnetic force. Generator has vacuum casing ; longitudinal cavities are provided under rotor and stator windings in respective blocks for cooling these windings by creating vacuum in cavities. EFFECT: improved output power of generator, facilitated replacement of commutator brushes and springs, improved cooling conditions for generator windings. 2 cl, 6 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to techniques for improving the known magnetic-electric machines with various solutions to the tasks. The invention proposed for consideration aims at solving two main problems: increasing the power of the generator-converter, i.e. increase the consumer’s output, for example, direct or alternating electric current in kW • h, while the consumed amount of energy resources by a turbine (hydroelectric power station, thermal power station, nuclear power plant, thermal power plant, etc.) is left (accepted) unchanged.

 These tasks are solved by performing in the form of a block of rotors, consisting, for example, of five rotors rotating simultaneously relative to a fixed block of stators (anchors), for example, consisting of five different diameters (in cross section) of stators (anchors) (see Fig. 1 and Fig. 5, 6). At the same time, a cooling system for the windings of the rotor block and the stator block is proposed by creating a vacuum medium for the working generator by forming a hermetic casing of the vacuum pump, which is constantly working, complete with a vacuum gauge and other necessary devices and devices for the entire cooling system to work in automatic mode (graphically they not shown).

 The cooling of the windings is also carried out by performing under the windings (triangular cross-sectional view) the cavities formed by flutes and stacked windings in them, in which vacuum protection against heating and combustion of the windings of 5 rotors and stators is created as an additional to the general vacuum of the generator.

 In addition to cooling the windings of the rotors and stators in a vacuum, ideal conditions have been created for the relative rotation of the rotor block in the stationary block of stators with the participation of cantilever rollers, i.e. their rotation requires less effort than in the atmospheric sphere (environment).

 To replace the brushes and springs, a removable liner is made at the end of each collector or stator, for example, in three places on its circumference.

 The invention relates primarily to the field of use for the reconstruction of existing various types and types of power plants and increase the capacity of generators when replacing existing generators with the proposed block generator.

 The shells of the rotors and stators are made of ferromagnetic steel.

 The prior art.

 "Electric machines with external and internal rotors are known, between which there is a fixed anchor winding ..."

 The USSR author's certificate for invention (11) N 677045 (51), which discloses a non-contact synchronous generator with external and internal rotors, between which an anchor winding is installed, and a magnetic shunt with an annular excitation winding, characterized in that in order to reduce weight, is adopted as an analogue The generator shunt is located between the poles of opposite polarity of the external and internal rotors.

 The closest analogue to the claimed invention, adopted as a prototype, is a prior art solution that discloses a generator comprising a block of internal and external rotors with windings located in a block of internal and external stators with windings (see EP 0495582 A2, H 02 K 19/00, 07.22.92).

 This generator does not provide sufficient safety and cooling conditions for its windings during operation.

 The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the electromagnetic generator is made in the form of a block of rotors (five) with windings located on the ferromagnetic cylinders of the rotors 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 (see Fig. 1 and Fig. 5) and collectors 6, which fixed to each of the mentioned end faces of the rotors 1 to 5, while in each of the five collectors are made according to the number of brushes removable inserts 7 (5 pcs.), which are fixed with a screw bolt and are made to replace, for example, three sets of 15 brushes on each stator with springs 8 (see Fig. 2 and 6), while the ends of the rotor block 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ck are replicated, for example, with bolts with a crosspiece (six-beam) 9, which is equipped with cantilever rollers 18 (30 pcs.), made to fix the optimal gap values of five electromagnetic force fields.

 The shaft of the generator 10 is also rigidly fixed to the crosspiece 9, which ultimately forms a block consisting of five rotors, while the shaft 10 is joined to the turbine without adding energy resources for its rotation and creating a relative rotation of the block of rotors 1, 2, 3 , 4, 5 with respect to the fixed block of stators (anchors) 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, the end face of the latter is also rigidly (for example, bolted) fixed to a similar six-beam crosspiece 16 with cantilever, for example, rollers 18 (see Fig. 5), bed, seat and cover with bearings n the shaft 10 shown in FIG. 1.

 For more efficient cooling of the windings of the rotors and stators (vacuum), longitudinal cavities 17 are made on their cylindrical surfaces of a triangular cross section along with flutes for placing the windings in them (see Figs. 2 and 3). To reliably create a continuous vacuum medium, a protective vacuum casing with cavities is made of a dielectric material 19.

 The vacuum pump 20 and the set of necessary instruments for it to operate the generator in a vacuum in automatic mode are not graphically shown.

 Technical and economic result obtained.

 1. Blocking several rotors and stators allows you to technically solve the problem of increasing power in kW. • h of an electromagnetic generator with unchanged parameters and energy consumed by one or another active turbine of various types of power plants.

 2. Convenient and safe conditions have been created for replacing brushes and springs located, for example, in 3 sets on each of the 5 stators in its holders by means of a removable insert (7), see FIG. 6, 3, the replacement of which is carried out only after stopping the operation of the generator, while combining the brushes with inserts is carried out manually by slow rotation of the rotor block, with the embodiment shown in FIG. 3.

 3. The longitudinal cavities (17) are made in ferromagnetic shells (cylinders) of all 5 rotors and 5 stators, FIG. 2, a triangular cross-sectional view for vacuum cooling of the windings (their lower surface).

 4. A constant vacuum mode has been created for cooling the windings of a running generator, as well as for more lightweight rotation of the rotor block and their free relative rotation in a fixed block of stators, free from the creation of friction and resistance of air and refrigerants.

 5. At the same time, the task and the energy saving program and the problem of its deficit are realized.

 The list of figures, their elements, drawings and other materials.

 In FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section of the upper symmetric half of the electromagnetic generator, made in the form of a block of 5 rotors located in a block of 5 stators, while the windings are conventionally shown with dashes: the rotor is inclined, and the stator is cross-shaped.

 In FIG. 2 shows a fragment of section aa.

 In FIG. 1, longitudinal flutes are made on the ferromagnetic inner and outer cylindrical surfaces, in which the windings are placed, under them there is a vacuum in the formed triangular (in cross-section) cavity, just like all other parts and the generator as a whole.

 In FIG. 3 and FIG. Figure 4 shows fragments with a view in the direction of arrow “b” on the end face of the collectors at the locations of the removable liner (7), fixed with a screw bolt, made for convenient replacement of brushes and springs of the collector-rotors 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 11-15 (see Fig. 6).

 In FIG. 5 depicts a cross of 9 rotors 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and a cross of 16 stators 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 with rollers on the axes that are fixed to the inner surfaces of the respective crosses to maintain an optimal clearance value, i.e. power electromagnetic, for example, 5 fields.

 The rotors 1, 2 are made in the form of a cylinder made of ferromagnetic steel with recesses with the corresponding number and cross-section of the windings in them from the external and internal surfaces connected either by an asterisk or a triangle.

 The rotors 3, 4 are made of a similar bilateral action and type, but of a smaller diameter.

 The 5th rotor is external, made in conjunction with the axial shaft of the generator for its possible docking with the turbine shaft.

 The collectors 6 on the cantilever sides of the rotors 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 correspond to the mentioned rotors.

 The collector insert 7 is removable from the cantilever end of each of the 5 rotors in the number of brushes, for example, at least 3 brushes on each rotor collector 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Each insert is attached to the collector with a screw bolt (see Fig. 3 and Fig. 4), for the placement of the insert 7 on the stators, see Fig. 6.

 The brushes 8 with springs and their holders in the kit are made similarly known in the amount of 3 (at least) sets for each rotor and stator.

 An end disk with holes or a crosspiece 9 in the form of a star with cantilever rollers is made with a bed and a saddle and its cover for installing axial shafts with bearings in them and fixing or all 5 rotors 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 in a single unit for its simultaneous rotation relative to the fixed block of stators 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 together with this disk or a cross on the rotor shaft 5 and connected to it.

 The shaft 10 of the generator is made as one unit with the body of the rotor 5.

 The stator (anchor) 11 is one-sided, internal, made in the form of a cylinder of ferromagnetic steel with windings of the required quantity and their cross section (transverse), laid in longitudinal recesses above the cavity in which the vacuum is formed.

 Stators (anchors) 12, 13 are made similarly to stators 14, 15.

 The crosspiece 16 is made in the form of six beams with cantilever rollers 18 located on its inner surfaces and serves for rigid fastening, for example, with bolts, by analogy with the crosspiece 9, see FIG. 5, all 5 stators 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 with a fixed bed, a saddle and a cover for an axial bearing on the opposite end of the shaft 10.

 The hollows 17 are longitudinal, made in the form of flutes on the surfaces of all five rotors and five stators, in which they are laid and connected either by an asterisk or a triangle of their windings, while a vacuum is formed in the cavity 17, further cooling the windings from below or from above (see Fig. 2 )

 Cantilever rollers 18 (on crosses 9 and 16) as clamps of working clearances of all 5 magnetic-electric force fields and bearings at two ends of shaft 10 are shown conditionally in FIG. 1.

 Vacuum with cavities, a protective casing 19 made of dielectric material closes the fully proposed magnetic-electric converter (into an electric current), a generator operating in vacuum and receiving rotation of the rotor block relative to the fixed stator block from the turbine.

 The vacuum pump 20 is made with a set of necessary for him and the generator to provide vacuum during their continuous operation in automatic mode. Graphically not shown, since it is not part of the invention.

 Information confirming the possibility of carrying out the invention.

 The most difficult part in the manufacture of generator parts of the proposed block design is the implementation of longitudinal “flutes” on the surfaces of ferromagnetic cylinders for rotors and stators of the generator, but they and all the more other parts and their assembly into a single electromagnetic generator are feasible in the conditions of machine-building defense plants and enterprises.

Claims (2)

 1. A generator comprising a block of internal and external rotors with windings located in a block of internal and external stators with windings, characterized in that the block of internal and external rotors is made with collectors, removable inserts are made at the end of the collectors to replace their brushes and springs installed in the nests of the stators of the block of internal and external stators for rotation of the internal and external rotors with respect to the block of internal and external stators, and the ends of the block of internal and external rotors are equipped with rollers on the axes to save Zorov magnetic force field, wherein the generator is a vacuum casing, and a rotor windings and stator blocks formed in their longitudinal cavity for cooling the windings by means of a vacuum.  2. The generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the blocks include up to five or more rotors and stators.

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