RU213070U9 - Cylinder head of a liquid-cooled internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

A cylinder head of a liquid-cooled internal combustion engine, comprising a coolant cavity formed by outer side walls, outer end walls, upper and lower plates; guide bushings and seats of the intake and exhaust valves, intake and exhaust channels connecting the seats of the intake and exhaust valves with a common mating plane for the intake and exhaust channels, onto which the openings of the intake and exhaust channels extend, and along the mating plane the axis of the centers of the areas of the exhaust channels is spaced from the plane of contact of the cylinder head to the cylinder block is 0.36-0.50 of the cylinder diameter, and the axis of the centers of the areas of the intake channels is removed from the axis of the centers of the areas of the exhaust channels by 0.11-0.17 of the cylinder diameter in the same direction.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of engine building, namely to the designs of cylinder heads of an internal combustion engine (hereinafter referred to as ICE) with liquid cooling.

A known cylinder head of a liquid-cooled internal combustion engine contains a cavity for cooling the liquid formed by outer side walls, outer end walls, upper and lower plates; guide bushings and seats of intake and exhaust valves, intake and exhaust channels connecting the seats of intake and exhaust valves (see utility model patent RU No. 100561, date of publication dated December 20, 2010, IPC F02F 1/24 (2006.01).

The reasons that prevent the achievement of the technical result indicated below when using a known device include the fact that this design has ineffective aerodynamic and thermodynamic characteristics of the exhaust and intake channels, which reduce the filling of the cylinders and cause increased warpage of the mating plane.

The closest device of the same purpose to the claimed utility model in terms of the set of essential features is the cylinder head of a liquid-cooled internal combustion engine, containing a cavity for coolant formed by outer side walls, outer end walls, upper and lower plates; guide bushings and seats of the intake and exhaust valves, intake and exhaust channels connecting the seats of the intake and exhaust valves with a common mating plane for the intake and exhaust channels, onto which the openings of the intake and exhaust channels extend, while the axis of the centers of the areas of these intake and exhaust openings is equidistant from the plane of contact of the cylinder head to the block by 0.45-0.47 of the cylinder diameter (see drawing 21-1003015-6 sheet 24, 25 of the Album of drawings “Volga car engine” (model ZMZ-21A), GOSINTI, Moscow 1964).

The reasons preventing the achievement of the technical result indicated below is the location of the axes of the areas of the intake and exhaust channels in the same plane, which leads to a decrease in the strength of the mating plane of the cylinder head, as well as an increase in its thermodynamic deformations. Heating of closely spaced intake pipes from the intake manifold leads to heating of the working mixture at the inlet and a decrease in the quality of the working process.

The essence of the utility model is to optimize the working process and increase the reliability of seals due to the optimal relative position of the inlet and outlet channels, as well as reducing thermal deformations of the mating plane.

The technical result is highly efficient gas exchange due to the optimal ratio of filling and cleaning the cylinders, a rational combination of heating the intake system and heat transfer of the exhaust system, ensuring acceptable thermodynamic deformations of the mating plane of the cylinder head to reliably maintain the tightness of the seals of the intake and exhaust systems.

The specified technical result when implementing the utility model is achieved by the fact that in the cylinder head of an internal combustion engine with liquid cooling, containing a cavity for cooling the liquid formed by outer side walls, outer end walls, upper and lower plates; guide bushings and seats of the intake and exhaust valves, intake and exhaust channels connecting the seats of the intake and exhaust valves with a common mating plane for the intake and exhaust channels, onto which the openings of the intake and exhaust channels extend; the peculiarity is that along the mating plane the axis of the centers of the areas exhaust channels are spaced from the plane of contact of the cylinder head to the cylinder block by 0.36 - 0.50 of the cylinder diameter, and the axis of the centers of the areas of the intake channels is removed from the axis of the centers of the areas of the exhaust channels by 0.11 - 0.17 of the cylinder diameter in the same direction.

The claimed technical solution is confirmed by drawings:

in fig. 1 - rear view of the cylinder head;

in fig. 2 is a view of the cylinder head on the left with a cut through the intake and exhaust valves and channels;

in fig. 3 - view of the cylinder head on the right on the mating plane from the side of the bosses with threaded holes for attaching the intake/exhaust manifold.

The cylinder head of an internal combustion engine with liquid cooling contains a cavity 1 for cooling the liquid, formed by the outer side walls 2 and 3, the outer end walls 4 and 5, the upper 6 and lower 7 plates; guide bushings 8 and seats of inlet 9 and exhaust valves 10, inlet 11 and outlet 12 channels connecting the seats of inlet 9 and outlet 10 valves with a common mating plane 13 for the inlet 11 and outlet 12 channels, onto which the openings of the inlet and outlet channels extend, a feature is that along the mating plane 13, the axis of the centers of the areas of the exhaust channels 15 is from the plane of contact of the cylinder head to the cylinder block by 0.36 - 0.50 of the cylinder diameter, and the axis of the centers of the areas of the intake channels 14 is removed from the axis of the centers of the areas of the exhaust channels 15 by 0.11 - 0.17 of the diameter cylinder in the same direction.

The operation of the cylinder head of a liquid-cooled internal combustion engine is carried out as follows. During the intake stroke, air is sucked into the cylinder by the piston through the intake port, where it is mixed with the fuel supplied by the injector and enters the cylinder. After compression and power stroke are completed, hot exhaust gases exit at high speed through the exhaust port opening and then into the exhaust manifold. At the same time heating the walls of the exhaust manifold and the mating plane. Heating the mating plane causes its thermodynamic deformation, and heating the exhaust pipe leads to heating of fresh air inside the intake pipe, reducing its density when heated and reducing the filling of the cylinder with fresh working mixture, which reduces power, worsens the combustion of the mixture and ultimately leads to loss of power and increased toxicity of exhaust gases, which is undesirable.

To reduce deformation of the intake system parts and the mating plane, it is necessary to place the most heated areas - the intake channels closer to the cylinder block, to which the cylinder head is securely and rigidly attached and deforms together with the cylinder block. At the same time, in order to increase the jumpers between the intake and exhaust channels, it is advisable to move the axis of the intake channels further from the cylinder block - this increases the overall rigidity of the system, and reduces thermal cyclic fluctuations in the dimensions of the contact plane, and reduces the heating of the intake system and the fresh working charge inside it, sucked into the cylinder mixtures. But increasing the jumpers by shifting the axis of the intake channels also leads to an increase in the dimensions and weight of the engine, which is undesirable.

By calculation and experiment, the optimum relative position of the axes of the intake and exhaust ports, indicated in the utility model, was established, which ensures sufficient reliability of the seals of the joints of the intake and exhaust pipes along the mating plane for the entire period of engine operation, the absence of thermal cyclic cracks on the cylinder head and parts attached to it, and also a highly efficient workflow.

The advantage of the claimed utility model is that the design of the cylinder head of an internal combustion engine with liquid cooling with the recommended arrangement of the areas of the intake and exhaust channels, where the axis of the centers of the areas of the exhaust channels is spaced from the plane of contact of the cylinder head to the cylinder block by 0.36 - 0.50 of the cylinder diameter, and the axis the centers of the areas of the intake channels are removed from the axis of the centers of the areas of the exhaust channels by 0.11 - 0.17 of the cylinder diameter in the same direction, ensures optimal gas-dynamic and thermodynamic characteristics of the internal combustion engine while maintaining reliable sealing of the joints along the mating plane in all operating modes during the established resource, ensuring modern environmental and economic characteristics.

Claims (1)

A cylinder head of a liquid-cooled internal combustion engine, comprising a coolant cavity formed by outer side walls, outer end walls, upper and lower plates; guide bushings and seats of the intake and exhaust valves, intake and exhaust channels connecting the seats of the intake and exhaust valves with a common mating plane for the intake and exhaust channels, onto which the openings of the intake and exhaust channels extend, characterized in that along the mating plane the axis of the centers of the exhaust areas channels are spaced from the plane of contact of the cylinder head to the cylinder block by 0.36-0.50 of the cylinder diameter, and the axis of the centers of the areas of the intake channels is removed from the axis of the centers of the areas of the exhaust channels by 0.11-0.17 of the cylinder diameter in the same direction.