RU2130596C1 - Device for detection of change of pressure in pipe line - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: instantaneous contanctless obtaining of information pertaining to unauthorized changes of pressure in oil and gas transportation pipe lines. SUBSTANCE: device has takeoff unit consisting of pipe union connected with space of pipe line, shut-off member connecting pipe union with takeoff tube and measuring instrument. Takeoff unit is located at the beginning or at the end of pipe line. Free end of takeoff tube is blanked off and surrounded with shield having hole. Located opposite this hole is hole of shielded unit inside which detector is mounted under hole; this detector is connected with measuring instrument located beyond shield unit. Detector may be connected with measuring instrument through measuring circuit whose elements are shielded against detector and surrounding medium to protect it against effect of uniform not to be monitored. Hole of shielded unit should be sealed up to ensure stable operation of detector and measuring circuit connected with it. EFFECT: avoidance of use of expensive materials, special consumption of power and assembly jobs; enhanced reliability and sensitivity of measurements. 3 cl, 3 dwg

Description

 The present invention relates to measuring equipment and can be used to instantly obtain contactless information on unauthorized changes in pressure in the pipeline during the transportation of oil, gas, as well as in cable lines for long-distance communications and long-distance communications in such industries as chemical, nuclear, metallurgical .

The alleged invention is based on the use of objectively existing in nature active (physical) properties of time, namely:
- the ability of moments of transmission through a change in the density of time of information from an ongoing entropy irreversible process to a detector, which can be used as any substance or system, for example, a mechanical torsion system ("torsion balance"), a resistor in a Wheatstone bridge circuit or a contact pair (junction various metals) [1];
- the properties of time are absorbed (screened) or reflected by substances according to the laws of geometric optics [2].

 The existence of the indicated physical properties of time as a form of interaction not considered by modern physics was experimentally confirmed in laboratory conditions and by natural measurements [3 - 7].

 In order to detect changes in the pressure of gases or liquids in the pipeline, as well as to measure pressure in practice, various gauge devices based on various principles are used.

 Radioactive manometric devices are known in which the intensity of ionizing radiation passing through the medium under study is a function of the properties of the medium (composition density, etc.). In such devices, the use of a source and a receiver of ionizing radiation (α-, β-, γ-radiation, neutron and x-ray radiation) is assumed [8]. The principle of measuring pressure in these devices is not related to the forceful effect of the medium on the sensitive element, which is the advantage of the devices. The current measured with a highly sensitive amplifier is proportional to the density or absolute pressure of the gas. However, radioactive manometric devices have several disadvantages, including the impossibility of promptly detecting pressure changes in sections of the pipeline remote from the detector location, as well as the impossibility of using a radioactive gauge device in real existing pipelines transporting liquid or gaseous products, which usually have variable values such parameters as temperature, chemical composition, content of solids, humidity. In addition, the disadvantages of radioactive manometric devices include the difficulty of measuring, which is due to the need for the operator to use radioactive isotopes, as well as a limited measurement range.

The following types of pressure gauges are also known: liquid (U-shaped, bell, compression), deadweight, deformation (diaphragm, bellows, tubular spring), electric (capacitive, piezoelectric, resistance), thermoconductometric (thermoresistive, thermoelectric), as well as combined. Manometers are installed, as a rule, near pressure sampling points in places convenient for maintenance [9]. These gauge devices lack some of the disadvantages inherent in radioactive gauge devices, however, the common disadvantages characterizing these types of gauge devices are:
- locality of measurements;
- the need for contact of the sensitive element with the measured medium, which may have an aggressive thermal, vibration, etc. exposure to the sensing element;
- small measuring range;
- low sensitivity.

 All this leads to limited operational capabilities.

 A known pressure sensor [10], which contains a cylindrical element made in the form of an elastic tube with a combined hole. A fiber included in the interferometer is wound on the cylindrical element, and the tube cavity is in communication with the source of the measured pressure. The sensor is designed to measure fluctuations in gas or liquid pressure in systems with a wide range of pressure changes, however, it has a drawback common to the sensors described above - the measurement locality.

 The most widespread in the field of monitoring pressure changes during the transportation of oil and gas are deformation, in particular spring gauges, which are mounted at the end of the pressure line. The circuit of such a device for detecting a change in pressure II, which is closest to the proposed one, contains a pipeline into which a fitting is welded at the sampling point. The fitting is connected through a shut-off valve to a selected tube, at the end of which a three-way valve is installed, connected to a measuring device - a manometer.

 A disadvantage of the known device is the need for contact of the sensing element (Bourdon spring) with the measured medium, which has an adverse effect on it. In addition, in such a device there is an inertia in recording pressure changes, increasing with increasing distance from the place of pressure change to the location of the pressure gauge.

 The present invention solves the problem of quickly detecting information about an event associated with a change in pressure in the pipeline and occurred in a distance from the location of the detector while increasing operational capabilities, reliability and sensitivity of measurements.

 To achieve this technical result, in a device for detecting changes in pressure in a pipeline containing a sampling unit, for supplying liquid or gas to the detector, consisting of a fitting connected to the interior of the pipeline, a locking member connecting the fitting to the selected tube, and a measuring device, assembly The selection is located at the beginning or end of the pipeline. The free end of the selection tube is plugged and surrounded by a screen in which there is a hole. Opposite the hole is the hole of the shielded block, inside of which a detector is mounted under the hole, connected to a measuring device located outside the shielded block. The detector can be connected to the measuring device through a measuring circuit, the elements of which are shielded from the detector and from the environment to protect against the influence of information not subject to monitoring.

 To ensure stable operation of the detector and the associated measuring circuit, the opening of the shielded unit must be sealed.

 Distinctive features of the present invention from the above known device for detecting pressure changes, equipped with a spring pressure gauge, is the presence of a muffled end on the selected tube. This eliminates contact between the sensing element of the measuring device and the medium being measured in the pipe cavity and provides selection, direction, summing and instantaneous transfer of in-tube information to the detector connected to the measuring device. The location of the sampling unit at the beginning or end of the pipeline makes it possible to detect changes in the pressure of the liquid or gas on any part of the pipeline along its entire length. Installing screens around the muffled end of the sampling tube and around the detector unit protects the muffled end of the sampling tube and the detector from interference caused by irreversible entropic processes, such as thermal processes, changes in atmospheric dust concentration, atmospheric humidity, chemical components, etc. At the same time, the presence of windows in the said screens and their mutual arrangement provides unhindered passage of in-tube information to the detector. In the case when the detector is connected to the measuring device through the measuring circuit, the screening of the circuit elements from the detector prevents their mutual exchange of information. Sealing the shielded unit with the detector ensures stable operation of the detector and the measuring circuit.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, which depict:
in FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a device for detecting changes in pressure in a pipeline;
in FIG. 2 shows an example of a sectional view of a shielded detector unit;
in FIG. 3 is a design of a shielded detector unit in which the detector is connected to the measuring device through a sectional measurement circuit.

 A device for detecting changes in pressure in the pipeline (Fig. 1) contains a pipeline 1, in which a sampling unit is mounted at the sampling point, which is a fitting 2 welded into the pipe 1, and a shut-off element, for example, a valve 3 connecting the fitting 2 to the selection tube 4, one end of which is thus connected with the interior of the pipe 1, and the other end of the selection tube 4 is plugged. The muffled end of the selection tube 4 is surrounded by a screen 5 made, for example, of sheet aluminum with a thickness of 2-4 mm. The screen 5 has a hole 6, intended for the passage of in-tube information to the detector 7, which is mounted inside the shielded block 8 under the hole 9, which together with the hole 6 provides information access to the detector 7. The hole 9 of the shielded block 8 is sealed from the inside and outside, for example , using a self-adhesive polymer film 10. The detector 7 is connected to the measuring prior 11 located outside the shielded block 8.

The selection of the material of the selected tube 4 is very essential for the operation of the proposed device for detecting changes in pressure in the pipeline, which is associated with the identified and experimentally confirmed possibility of screening information due to the fact that the time density transferring information is weakened when interacting with the substance [1], [3 ]. For example, a steel sheet with a thickness of more than 6 mm completely shields information from the entropy process, and a brick completely shields information with its thickness equal to 2 - 3 cm. Based on the indicated property of time density, a gas pipeline with a gas pressure of up to 75 kgf / cm ² can be used for example, a thin-walled tube made of red copper with a diameter of 10 x 8 mm or, for example, a high-pressure tube made of rubber-fabric material, which passes information from inside the tube.

 As a specific example of the shielded detector unit 8, the construction shown in FIG. 2, where one of the junctions of two metals: tin and copper in a differential contact pair is used as detector 7. The contact pair consists of two counter junctions 12, 13 "tin-copper", placed in a shielding tube 14 of aluminum or thick cardboard, the ends of which are closed by caps 15, 16, made like a tube 14 of aluminum or cardboard. The junctions 12, 13 are separated from each other by a shielding, for example, cardboard, partition 17 with an opening 18, designed to equalize the temperatures of the junctions 12 and 13. On the contrary, the joint 12, which acts as a detector 7 (Fig. 1), has an opening 9 for passing information. Under the influence of information in the junction 12, a change in the structure of its substance occurs, an electric current arises in the circuit, which is amplified and recorded by the secondary device 11, which can be used, for example, a F116 / 1 photocompensation microvoltage microammeter or M17 / 2 mirror galvanometer.

 A specific example of a shielded detector unit 8 connected to the measuring device 11 via a measuring circuit representing, for example, the Wheatstone measuring bridge, is the structure shown in FIG. 3. The detector 7, which is one of the Wheatstone bridge resistors, as well as the remaining bridge resistors 19, 20, 21, which form the measuring circuit, and the wires connecting them 22 are placed inside a cylindrical screen formed by three aluminum tubes inserted into each other 23, 24, 25, between which there are insulating sleeves 26, 27. The opposite ends of the cylindrical screen are closed by aluminum caps 28, 29, which fit tightly to the ends of the aluminum tubes 23, 24, 25. In one of the caps 28 opposite the detector 7 there is a hole 9 for passage the internal tube information to the detector 7, sealed on the inside and outside by a self-adhesive film 10. All wires 22 of the Wheatstone measuring bridge are placed in braided aluminum shields 30. At the exit from the shielded detector unit 8, the wires 22 are sealed with a sealant 31. The gaps between the wires 22 along of the entire detector block, they help to equalize the air temperature inside the closed volume of the detector block 8. A source 32 of constant current is connected to one of the diagonals of the Wheatstone bridge ka, and to the other - measuring device 11.

 The bridge measuring circuit can be assembled, for example, from metal-film resistors of the OMLT-0.125 type with a resistance of 5.6 kilo-ohms, the circuit can be powered with a direct current voltage of 25-30 volts, for example, from a DC source of type B5-29.

 As a measuring device 11, at the output of a bridge measuring circuit, for example, a photocompensation amplifier F-116/1 microvoltage microammeter can be connected. Computer output may be provided.

 The device for detecting changes in pressure in the pipeline is as follows.

 Before starting work, window 9 (Fig. 1) of the shielded block 8 with the detector 7 is installed opposite the window 6 of the screen 5 at a distance not exceeding 2 cm. Upon further removal of the block 8 with the detector 7 from the window 6 of the screen 5, the amplitude of the detector signal sharply decreases, which is inversely proportional to the distance to the location of the source of information [2], [3]. Then the valve 3 opens, connecting the inner space of the tube 4 with the cavity of the pipeline 1. When the pressure in the pipeline 1 changes, for example, due to a sharp change in the selection of the product by the consumer, due to leakage through cracks, when the pipeline ruptures, etc. information about this event is instantly transmitted through a change in the density of time along the in-pipe space of the pipeline 1 through the information-passing walls of the selected tube 4, windows 6 and 9 to the detector 7.

 In the case of the execution of the detector 7 in the form of an electric contact differential pair (Fig. 2), the information causes a change in the structure of the substance of the junction 12, which is recorded by the measuring device 11.

 When connecting the detector 7 to the measuring device 11 through the measuring circuit, which is the Wheatstone bridge (Fig. 3), after installing the detector unit 8 opposite the window 6 of the screen 5, it is necessary to zero the bridge measuring circuit both before and after applying power from the DC source 32. Then the valve 3 opens, the internal spaces of the pipeline 1 and the selection tube 4 are connected, and changes in pressure in the pipeline 1 instantly through a change in the density of time causes a change in resistance p the resistor-detector 7, and the electric signal from the output of the measuring circuit is amplified and fixed by the measuring device 11.

 Thus, the proposed device for detecting changes in pressure in the pipeline operates in a passive contactless monitoring of the process in the pipeline and does not require any special energy costs, special installation work and the construction of wired or radio communications. The use of expensive materials is also not required. The measuring circuit of the device is simple and makes it possible to process the detector signals on an electronic computer.

 The prototype of the proposed device for detecting changes in pressure in the pipeline was tested under production conditions on the technological product pipeline of a wide fraction of volatile hydrocarbons (liquefied gas) on the route of the South Balak gas processing plant - Tobolsk Petrochemical Plant [7], as well as on the K.R.P. gas pipeline. Mostransgaz Moscow Office of Gas Pipeline Operation, as evidenced by the Test Report in Appendix.

 Sources of information.

 1. Kozyrev N.A. Time is a physical phenomenon. In the book "Modeling and Forecasting in Bioecology". Latvian State University P. Knocks. Riga, 1988, p. 59-72.

 2. Kozyrev N.A. Astronomical evidence of the reality of four-dimensional Minkowski geometry. Collection "The emergence of cosmic factors on Earth and stars." Series "Problems of the Universe exploration". Vol. 9.-M.-L .: AN USSR 1980, p. 85-93.

 3. Kozyrev N.A., Nasonov V.V. A new method for determining trigonometric parallaxes based on measuring the difference between the true and visible position of the star. Astrometry and celestial mechanics. Series "Problems of the Universe exploration". Vol. 7, M.-L.: Academy of Sciences of the USSR 1978, p. 168-179.

 4. Lavrentiev M.M. and others. On the remote effects of stars on a resistor. Doc. USSR Academy of Sciences. 1990, t. 314, N 2, c. 352-355.

 5. Lavrentiev M.M. and others. On the registration of the true position of the Sun. Doc. USSR Academy of Sciences. 1990, t. 315, N 2, p. 368-370.

 6. Lavrentiev M.M. and others. On the registration of the reaction of a substance to an external irreversible process. Dokl. AN SSSR, 1991, v. 317, No. 3, p. 635-639.

 7. Zabelin V.E. Report on the implementation of work under the "Agreement on the measurement of instantaneous transmission and recording information from the process of emergency pressure changes in the product pipeline of a wide fraction of volatile hydrocarbons. St. Petersburg, 1991. Agreement for the period September-December 1991 between MGP "Agro-Test", St. Petersburg, and the Production Association of oil trunk pipelines in Western and North-Western Siberia, Tyumen.

 8. Electrical measurements of electrical and non-electrical quantities. / Edited by E.S. Polishchuk.-Kiev: 1984, p. 302.

 9. Chistyakov V.S. Quick reference to thermotechnical measurements. -M .: Energoatomizdat, 1990, p. 127, 140.

 10. Copyright certificate of the USSR N 857766, cl. G 01 L 23/06, publ. 1981

 11. Ivanov G.M. et al. Thermotechnical measurements and devices. Textbook for thermal power specialties of universities. -M. : 1984, p. 115. Fig. 11-31 is a prototype.

Claims (3)

 1. A device for detecting changes in pressure in the pipeline, comprising a sampling unit for supplying liquid or gas to the detector, consisting of a fitting articulated to the interior of the pipeline, a locking member connecting the fitting to the sampling tube, and a measuring device, characterized in that the sampling unit located at the beginning or end of the pipeline, the free end of the selection tube is muffled and surrounded by a screen with a hole, opposite which is the hole of the shielded block, inside of which under the hole with mounted detector connected to a measuring device located outside the shielded block.  2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the detector is connected to the measuring device through a measuring circuit, the elements of which are shielded from the detector and from the environment.  3. The device according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the opening of the shielded block is sealed.

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