RU2129689C1 - Swirl type heater - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: liquid heater, possibly in systems for heating buildings and erections, transport vehicles, heating up water for industrial and domestic purposes, at drying agricultural products. SUBSTANCE: swirl type heater includes inner cylindrical envelope in one end of which liquid motion accelerator is arranged. Liquid motion accelerator is in the form of cyclone whose input branch pipe is designed for joining with pump output. Additional outer envelope is arranged around inner one. Helical duct is formed between said envelopes. First envelope has slits in its end opposite relative to liquid motion accelerator. Slits are designed for feeding liquid from first envelope into helical duct. There is output branch pipe in additional envelope at side of liquid motion accelerator. EFFECT: enhanced liquid heating due to use of positive heat feed back. 4 cl, 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to heat engineering, in particular to devices for heating liquids, and can be used in heating systems of buildings and structures, vehicles, heating water for industrial and domestic needs, drying agricultural products. In addition, the device can be used to heat directly in the pipeline viscous liquids such as oil in order to reduce the viscosity of the liquid and improve its rheological properties.

 A vortex heater is a source of thermal energy obtained due to the fluid occurring in the system - the installation of physical processes that occur during rotational and translational motion of the coolant in the system under the influence of external forces. The electric pump unit provides pressure and flow rate of the coolant, which, when moving inside the proposed design of the vortex unit, heats up to a predetermined temperature.

State of the art
Known devices of heat pumps using a change in the physico-mechanical parameters of the medium, in particular pressure and volume, to produce heat.

 In known devices, for example, a vapor-air mixture or liquid can be used as a medium. In these devices, by changing the pressure and velocity of the medium, thermal energy is generated, which allows to reduce the cost of electricity to generate heat.

 So, it is known a heat pump that performs the function of a heat generator, the working medium of which is liquid - water, containing a casing in the form of a sealed spherical vessel filled with a working medium with a heat exchanger located in it, a network pump that provides compression of the medium inside the casing, supply and return heating lines, equipped shut-off valves, and heat consumer (AS USSR N 458591, F 25 B 29/00, 1972).

 The main disadvantage of the described heat pump is the very high working pressure developed in the housing, which reaches 1000 atm. Such operating parameters of the installation impose increased requirements on the strength of body parts, shut-off valves and pipelines, which leads to an increase in the cost of installation.

 In addition, the use of the installation for heating residential premises is dangerous due to the high working pressure.

 The prototype may be the device described in the patent of the Russian Federation (RU) 2045715, class. F 25 B 29/00, 10/10/95. According to this patent, in a heat generator having a body with a cylindrical part, an accelerator of fluid movement is made in the form of a cyclone, the end side of which is connected to the cylindrical part of the body. At the base of the cylindrical part opposite the cyclone, a brake device is mounted. Behind the brake device, a bottom is installed in the cylindrical part of the housing, with an outlet opening in communication with the outlet pipe connected to the cyclone by the bypass pipe, the connection being made at the end of the cyclone opposite the cylindrical part of the housing coaxially with the latter. The brake device is made of at least two radially spaced ribs mounted on a central hub.

 Due to the fact that the body of the heat generator in the lower part is equipped with a cyclone, the working fluid under pressure, tangentially entering it, passes in a spiral. The movement of the liquid acquires the character of a vortex, its speed increases, and it enters the cylindrical part of the body, the diameter of which is several times the diameter of the injection hole, and then into the braking device. Such a structural embodiment of the housing allows to reduce the speed and pressure of the medium, while in accordance with the laws of thermodynamics, the mechanical energy of the fluid changes, aimed at increasing its temperature.

 An additional brake device installed in the bypass pipe increases the efficiency of heating the fluid. The differential pressure at the outlet of the brake device in the upper part of the housing due to the ratio of the outlet of the housing and the bypass pipe ensures the prevalence of the hot fluid flow over the cold. The bypass pipe provides fluid bypass from the heat generator body to the outlet pipe in case of blockage of the outlet, as well as pressure surges of the liquid in the system.

 A disadvantage of the known device is the decrease in the intensity of heating of the coolant due to a decrease in the rotation speed as it moves away from the cyclone. In addition, there are additional heat losses in the bypass pipe, as well as hydrodynamic losses due to the small diameter and large length of the bypass pipe. All this reduces the efficiency of the heat generator as a whole.

 The technical result from the use of the invention is to improve the heating of the liquid by creating a positive feedback on heat by heating the entire surface of the inner cylindrical shell with a stream of heated liquid moving between the outer and inner shells in the direction of the cyclone, more fully using heat in feedback due to the circulation of the stream heated coolant, which returns part of the heat to the heater inlet, inside the system (without an external bypass pipe). In addition, it is ensured that a constant rotation speed of the liquid is maintained over a length of at least two greater than that of the prototype due to the screws in the inner shell, slotted swirlers at the end of the inner shell and spiral channels between the inner and outer shells.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A vortex heater is a passive element of a heating system that provides, with sufficient pressure and the amount of incoming fluid, its vortex (rotational-translational turbulent) motion, during which intense heating of the fluid occurs. Its function is to direct and ensure flow parameters, which, in combination with the pump used, most efficiently convert the energy spent on work into the thermal energy perceived by the coolant.

 The vortex heater does not have moving or rubbing parts and is a system of channels in which the fluid under pressure swirls, changes its direction and transfers heat from one section of the swirl to another, providing an increasing intensity of heat generation.

 Since when moving along the pipe, the rotation step changes with distance from the swirl and translational motion begins to dominate, the heating intensity decreases with distance from the swirl.

The present invention allows:
- stabilize the rotation of the moving fluid along the entire heater, providing uniform heat;
- create two fluid flows moving along the internal and external cavities of the heater and providing positive feedback on heat, which increases the heating rate.

 This is achieved due to the fact that the vortex heater containing the first (inner) shell, on one side (end) of which is installed a fluid accelerator, made in the form of a cyclone, the inlet of which is designed to be connected to the pump, and the outlet, according to the invention, is equipped additional (outer) shell located around the first, at least one spiral channel located between the shells, and means for supplying fluid from the first shell to the spiral channel, and exit hydrochloric nozzle arranged in an extra casing from the accelerator liquid movement.

 The means for supplying fluid from the first shell to the spiral channel can be made in the form of slots in the first shell located at its end, opposite the fluid accelerator.

 Spiral channels can be formed by a steel tape wound on the first (inner) shell with a given step.

 In the first shell at a predetermined distance from the fluid accelerator, screw swirls can be installed.

 The invention is illustrated in the drawing, which shows a General view of the vortex heater.

 The vortex heater contains a cylindrical housing 1, consisting of an inner shell 2, an outer shell 3 and a bottom 4 located on one end (one side) of the housing 1. On the other side (end) of the housing, an accelerator 5 of fluid movement, made in the form of a cyclone, is designed to swirl (twist) the liquid in the inner shell 2. The inlet 6 of the cyclone is designed to connect the heater to the pressure outlet of the pump (not shown).

 At the end of the inner shell 2, near the bottom 4 (from the bottom 4), there is a means for supplying and swirling the fluid flow from the inner shell 2 into the outer shell 3. This tool can be made, for example, in the form of two slots 7 in the inner shell 2, adjacent to the bottom 4 and located diametrically opposite.

 Between the inner 2 and outer 3 shells are channels formed by winding onto the inner pipe in a spiral with a given pitch of steel tape 8. The outer size of the wound tape corresponds to the inner diameter of the outer shell.

 In the lower (according to the drawing) part of the outer shell from the side of the cyclone tangentially in the direction of rotation of the fluid, an outlet pipe 9 is welded, which is designed to be connected to a pump or heating (hydraulic) system.

 To ensure constant rotation along the entire inner shell 2 at some distance from the cyclone are placed screw swirls 10, designed to ensure rotation of the flow with an angular velocity close to the speed at the exit of the cyclone.

 Vortex heater operates as follows.

 The pressure created by the pump (not shown) at the inlet of the cyclone 5 swirls the fluid flow entering the inner shell 2. The heat-generating swirl fluid flow through the screw swirls 10 is supplied to the end of the inner shell 2 and through the diametrically opposite two slots 7 to the outer shell 3 .

 Since the influence of the cyclone 5 and slots of the swirl 7 on the flow rotation is already weakened due to hydraulic losses in the inner shell 2, special screw channels are used to rotate it with a constant pitch, located between the inner and outer shells, where the fluid is forced to move at a constant speed and constant step.

 To create a positive feedback on heat, the heat accumulated by the liquid is transferred by the heat carrier to the inlet of the inner pipe and partially transmitted through the walls of the inner pipe to the cooled stream coming from the pump, increasing the intensity of its heating. Through the outlet pipe 9, the liquid is aspirated to the pump. Further, the circulation is repeated.

 Thus, the rotation of the fluid flow over a length twice as long, with a constant step and positive feedback of the system on heat, is ensured.

 Heat can be taken by taking part of the liquid into the heating system directly from the outlet pipe 9 and the inlet pipe 6 of the cyclone by branching through tees, or by creating a heat exchanger that takes heat from the outer shell 3.

 Other options are possible, but this does not affect the design of the described vortex heater.

 One swirl heater is a module. To get more power, the modules are combined into assemblies with the selection and installation of pumps of appropriate performance.

Claims (4)

 1. A vortex heater containing a first shell, from one end of which a fluid accelerator is installed, made in the form of a cyclone, the inlet of which is intended to be connected to a pump, and an outlet pipe, characterized in that it is provided with an additional shell located around the first at least one spiral channel located between the shells and the means for supplying fluid from the first shell to the spiral channel, and the outlet pipe is located on the additional shell with ony of the fluid accelerator.  2. The heater according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for supplying fluid from the first shell to the spiral channel is made in the form of slots in the first shell located at its end opposite to the fluid accelerator.  3. The heater according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the spiral channels are formed by a steel tape wound on the first shell with a given step.  4. The heater according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that it is equipped with screw swirlers located in the first shell at a predetermined distance from the fluid accelerator.