RU212952U1 - Individual use incubator - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of agriculture, namely to egg incubators. The technical result consists in increasing productivity due to the uniform distribution of heat flow. The technical result is achieved by the fact that the incubator has a box (1), which is divided from the inside into two compartments: technical (3) - for equipment - and incubation (4) with trays (5) for eggs located in it, the division into compartments is carried out using a thin plate (6) made of plywood or other suitable material, while the plate is fixed in such a way that there is a distance of 10-12 cm from the bottom of the box, and 3-5 cm from the lid, the trays (5) are installed on rails fixed on the walls box 10-15 cm from the bottom, so that you can easily remove the trays from the incubator, the technical compartment (3) provides heating and ventilation of the air inside the incubator and contains heating devices in the form of two incandescent lamps (7), each of which has power 30 W, the lamps are located opposite each other, in the middle part of the walls in height, above the lamps (7) a fan (8) is fixed on horizontal rails, which is directed vertically downwards, while an insulator is installed in the plane of the fan (8). an ation sheet, for example, made of plastic or thick cardboard, preventing the passage of air past the fan, in the lid of the box (2) above the compartment (4) for trays with eggs, a small viewing window (9) is made of a transparent material (10-15 cm in width), for example, plexiglass, an LED strip (10) is installed on the inside of the cover (2) around the perimeter of the window, a bar is installed on the outer part of the box (1) located on the side of the technical compartment (3), which serves as a place for attaching the control unit necessary to maintain operating modes of the incubator, the control unit (11) contains a thermal relay (12), a lamp switch (13) and light (14), a humidity sensor (15), additionally, through the ventilation holes are made in the walls of the box (1), the first of which is located in the technical compartment (3) above the insulating sheet, and the second - on the far wall in the incubation compartment (4). The incubator is equipped with a battery to provide power and water trays installed under the trays (5).

Description

The utility model relates to the field of agriculture, namely to egg incubators.

An incubator is known, comprising a thermally insulated housing with an egg tray, a heater, a humidifier and a tray rotation mechanism that ensures the rotation of the eggs after a certain period of time. The tray turning mechanism has located in a plane parallel to one of the side walls of the tray, pulleys with a closed traction thread installed on them with a thickening and latches installed on the tray with the possibility of interacting with the thickening of the traction thread (SU 1120947, 10/30/1984).

Known incubator containing a thermally insulated housing with a chamber for eggs, a closed door, egg trays placed inside the chamber, a heating and humidity system, a ventilation system and a device for turning eggs, made in the form of rollers mounted in trays with the ability to rotate around its axis , (RU 36168, 10.03.2004).

The closest analogue is an incubator for poultry, containing a chamber having a divided by walls, interconnected compartments, one of which has fans, heaters and a humidifier, and the other has inclined trays. Trays in adjacent rows face opposite sides, and in the walls located between the compartments, blinds are made (SU 747454, 07/15/1980).

The disadvantage of the known designs is the uneven distribution of the air flow in the inner chamber, and as a result, the uneven heating of the eggs.

The technical result consists in simplifying the design and increasing productivity due to the uniform distribution of the heat flow.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the incubator for individual use has a box (1), which is divided from the inside into two compartments: technical (3) for equipment and incubation (4) with trays (5) for eggs located in it, the division into compartments is carried out using a thin plate (6) made of plywood or other suitable material, while the plate is fixed in such a way that there is a distance of 10-12 cm from the bottom of the box, and 3-5 cm from the lid, the trays (5) are installed on rails fixed on the walls box 10-15 cm from the bottom, so that you can easily remove the trays from the incubator, the technical compartment (3) provides heating and ventilation of the air inside the incubator and contains heating devices in the form of two incandescent lamps (7), each of which has power 30 W, the lamps are located opposite each other, in the middle part of the walls in height, above the lamps (7) a fan (8) is fixed on horizontal rails, which is directed vertically downwards, while in the plane of the valve fan (8) an insulating sheet is installed, for example, made of plastic or thick cardboard, preventing the passage of air past the fan; cm in width), for example, plexiglass, an LED strip (10) is installed on the inside of the cover (2) along the perimeter of the window, a bar is installed on the outer part of the box (1), located on the side of the technical compartment (3), which serves as a place for mounting the unit the control unit necessary to maintain the operating modes of the incubator, the control unit (11) contains a thermal relay (12), a lamp switch (13) and light (14), a humidity sensor (15), additionally, through ventilation holes are made in the walls of the box (1), the first of which is located in the technical compartment (3) above the insulating sheet, and the second - on the far wall in the incubation compartment (4). The incubator is equipped with a battery to provide power and water trays installed under the trays (5).

The relative position of the structural elements ensures the supply of fresh air directly to the heating elements, subsequent uniform heating and uniform supply of warm air to the lower part of the incubation compartment, the passage of warm air through the patches and uniform heating of the eggs, and the subsequent exit of air through the outlet in the upper part of the incubation compartment. Ultimately, the maximum yield of chicks is ensured (there are no chicks frozen during incubation).

The required modes and parameters of incubation of chicken eggs, as well as the features of working with raw materials, are known.

The air in the device should not warm up more than 43°C. Short-term hypothermia (not lower than 27 ° C) or overheating of eggs (no longer than a couple of minutes) is allowed.

If the heat source is localized from above, then it is optimal to maintain 40 ° C at the top cover. If the heating elements are on all sides, then 38.5 ° C. The lower norm of air humidity is 45%, the upper one is 82%. The humidity level varies with the incubation period.

In many models of incubators, automatic egg turning is provided. If there is no such function, the eggs are turned manually from 3 to 12 times a day.

The whole process of incubation of chicken eggs averages 20-22 days. Sometimes longer by 1-2 days due to the low temperature in the incubator. But no more than 25 days.

Selected eggs must be kept indoors before being immersed in the incubator. Otherwise, immersing them in a heated chamber, condensation will form. This will lead to a violation of the climate and the appearance of mold, which is fatal for the embryo. Therefore, 8-12 hours before incubation, the eggs are kept at a temperature of 25 ° C, avoiding drafts. It is advisable to lay chicken eggs horizontally.

The process of incubation of chicken eggs occurs in accordance with a certain schedule. It is conditionally divided into several periods. Depending on the period, the parameters of humidity and temperature change:

First period. This period lasts 5-6 days after laying. The temperature should be 38 degrees, humidity - 60-70%. In this case, the eggs must be turned over at intervals of 3-4 hours. You can also make a larger gap. However, in any case, the raw materials should be turned over at least 2 times a day. On day 4, you need to set the temperature to 37.5 degrees. Humidity parameters must be reduced to 55%.

The second period is 7-11 days. The humidity index is reduced to 35-46%. The temperature regime should be 37.5-37.7 degrees. During this period, the formation of the skeleton of the chick takes place.

The third period is 12-20 days. At this time, you need to maintain the temperature at the level of 37.3-37.5 degrees, and the humidity - 70-80%. This is the final stage of the formation of chicks. On the 15-16th day, it is worth checking the correct development of the embryos through an ovoscope. To increase humidity, eggs should be sprinkled with water. From 18 days it is recommended to increase ventilation. In addition, the incubator should be ventilated twice a day. To do this, it is opened for 15 minutes.

The fourth period. At this time, the chicks hatch. At this stage, you need to wait for them to dry completely. Until this moment, the chamber is not opened.

Thus, for the incubation of eggs, it is important to maintain the necessary conditions in the designed device, in particular, temperature and humidity. If the power goes out, you need to provide another power source for the device.

The developed design is illustrated by drawings.

In FIG. 1 shows the diagram - top view.

In FIG. 2 shows a diagram - side view.

In FIG. 3 shows a diagram of the control unit - side view.

In FIG. 4 shows the layout of the cover.

In FIG. 5 shows the electrical circuit of the incubator.

In FIG. 6 shows the air circulation diagram

Design description

The basis of the incubator is a box (1) with a removable or hinged lid (2), made of foam or other dense material with good thermal insulation properties.

The box (1) is divided from the inside into two compartments: technical (3) for equipment and incubation (4) with trays (5) for eggs located in it. The division into compartments is carried out using a thin plate (6) made of plywood or other suitable material. The plate is fixed in such a way that the distance from the bottom is 10-12 cm, and from the lid 3-5 cm. The trays (5) are mounted on rails fixed on the walls of the box 10-15 cm from the bottom, so that remove the trays from the incubator. The technical compartment (3) is needed for heating and ventilation of the air inside the incubator. Here are the heating devices, in the form of two incandescent lamps (7), each of which has a power of 30 watts. The lamps are located opposite each other, in the middle part of the walls in height. Above the lamps (7), a small fan (8) is fixed on horizontal rails, which is directed vertically downwards. In the plane of the fan (8) there is an insulating sheet, for example, made of plastic or thick cardboard, which prevents the passage of air past the fan. In the lid of the box (2) above the compartment (4) for trays with eggs, a small viewing window (9) is made of a transparent material (10-15 cm in width), for example, plexiglass. On the inside of the cover (2), along the perimeter of the window, there is an LED strip (10). On the outer part of the box (1) there is a bar located on the side of the technical compartment (3), which serves as a place for mounting the control unit necessary to maintain the operating modes of the incubator. The control unit (11) contains a thermal relay (12), a lamp switch (13) and light switch (14), a humidity sensor (15). Additionally, through the ventilation holes are made in the walls of the box (1). The first of which is located in the technical compartment (3) above the insulating sheet, and the second - on the far wall in the incubation compartment (4). The incubator is equipped with a battery to provide power and water trays installed under the trays (5).

The principle of operation of the incubator

The developed design is arranged in such a way as to provide the required parameters of the level of humidity and air temperature.

When the system is turned on, incandescent lamps heat up and increase the temperature of the air around them. During operation, the fan creates an area of low pressure above the insulating sheet and an area of high pressure below it. Thus, heated air begins to circulate inside the incubator according to the scheme (Fig. 6). In the process of circulation, the air passes over the surface of the water placed in the trays, is moistened and passes through the egg trays, heating and moistening them. After that, the air from the top enters the technical block, closing the cycle. Simultaneously with the process of air movement inside the box, air is supplied and exhausted through the ventilation openings. Thus, the design provides the required humidity parameters of the air for incubation.

To ensure the temperature regime, a thermostat with a temperature sensor is used. When the temperature drops below a predetermined level, the thermal relay is activated and the electrical circuit is closed. Incandescent lamps and fan are switched on. When the set temperature is reached, the thermostat opens the circuit, and the air begins to cool.

Thus, the operation of the incubator is multi-cyclic, while the control is carried out in automatic mode.

The design of the incubator has been manufactured and tested and positive results have been obtained. The incubator worked in the set mode without disturbances.

Table 1 shows the data for the selected incubation mode (temperature, humidity and number of egg turns).

Table 1 Incubation days 1-7 8-18 19-21 Temperature, °C 37.8 - 38.0 37.6 - 37.8 37.4 - 37.6 Humidity, % 55 - 65 55 - 65 75 - 85 Turning, once a day 4-5 3-4 0 Airing 0 12 2 - 3

For optimal control of the maintained temperature, the temperature sensor is located directly in the egg tray.

The level of air humidity is changed relative to the incubation period and is regulated by increasing the surface area of the water (water tanks) in the incubator.

Turning the egg and its airing is carried out manually. Drawn on one side of the egg is a smiley face. This will help me navigate when turning the eggs 180 degrees.

The algorithm for putting raw materials into the incubator was as follows: 1. installed one container with water on the bottom of the incubator; 2. warmed up the incubator to the set temperature; 3. treated 50 eggs with soapy water; 4. distributed these eggs on two trays; 5. loaded the trays into the incubator; 6. tightly closed the lid of the incubator.

During the incubation, the humidity and temperature parameters were programmed in accordance with the mode table above.

On the 7th day I had an ovoscopy. In a dark room, the contents of the egg were viewed by placing it on a flashlight. Blood vessels and their pulsation were visible. Raw materials with the absence of a formed blood supply system of the embryo were rejected by me. There were 2 of these.

In the process of controlling the incubation mode, two situations arose that required additional solutions.

1. On the 6-7th day of incubation, the air temperature in the incubator was lower than required (35-36 C), while the heating system worked properly.

Identified cause: due to a sharp cold outside, the air temperature in the room where the incubator is located has decreased.

The solution worked out was to close the permanent vents that let cooler air in from the room.

2. On days 19-21, the humidity level could not be raised above 75%.

Cause identified: Relatively dry air intake through permanent vents. However, during this period of incubation, active metabolic processes take place, which require a constant supply of oxygenated air, and, therefore, the ventilation openings could not be closed.

The developed solution: increasing the humidity of the air by additional irrigation of the raw material with water from the polarizer.

Chicks pecked and hatched from 21 to 22 days.

Hatching took place mainly within 3-8 hours from the moment of pecking. After pecking and opening the shell with their beak around the circumference, the chicks rested against the walls and got out of the shell.

Two eggs did not hatch by the 24th day of incubation. And they were rejected. In the literature, such embryos are called "frozen".

An hour after hatching, the chicks were moved to a warm and dry place.

The effectiveness of incubation in the experimental design of the incubator in the mode described above and taking into account the fertilization of the eggs of this batch was 92% (table 2)

table 2 Total eggs laid (pcs.) Unfertilized eggs (rejected on the 7th day) (pcs.) "Frozen" (not hatched on the 24th day) (pcs.) chickens
(PCS.) fifty 2 2 46 100% four% four% 92%

However, in my opinion, to assess the hatchability of eggs in the experimental design of the incubator, it is more correct to use the calculation formula without taking into account the percentage of egg fertilization. The literature contains the following formula for Hatchability of an incubator:

V \u003d C / (Z-N) * 100, where

B - hatchability of the incubator, (in%)

H - laying eggs in the incubator, (in pcs.)

H - unfertilized, (in pieces), after the 1st candling (usually, after the 1st week of incubation)

C - chickens, (in pieces)

Thus, the performance of the installation was B = 46 : (50-2) * 100 = 95.8%, which confirms the quality of heating eggs.

Claims (1)

An incubator for individual use, characterized in that it has a box (1) divided inside into two compartments: technical (3) - for equipment - and incubation (4) with trays (5) for eggs located in it, the division into compartments is carried out when using a thin plate (6) of plywood, while the plate is fixed with an indent from the bottom of the box 10-12 cm, and from the lid - 3-5 cm, trays (5) are installed on rails fixed on the walls of the box 10-15 cm from its bottom to ensure the unhindered removal of trays from the incubator, in addition, the technical compartment (3) provides heating and ventilation of the air inside the incubator and contains heating devices in the form of two incandescent lamps (7), each of which has a power of 30 W, the lamps are located opposite each other another, in the middle part of the walls in height, above the lamps (7) on horizontal rails, a fan (8) is fixed, directed vertically downwards, while an insulating plastic sheet is installed in the plane of the fan (8), preventing air passing past the fan, in the cover of the box (2) above the compartment (4) for trays with eggs, a small viewing window (9) is made of a transparent material in the form of plexiglass with a width of 10-15 mm, and on the inside of the cover (2) along the perimeter window, an LED strip (10) is installed, and on the outer side of the box (1) from the side of the technical compartment (3) there is a bar designed to mount the control unit necessary to maintain the operating modes of the incubator, the control unit (11) contains a thermal relay (12), lamp switch (13) and light switch (14), humidity sensor (15), additionally, through ventilation holes are made in the walls of the box (1), the first of which is located in the technical compartment (3) above the insulating sheet, and the second one is on the far wall in the incubator compartment (4), in addition, the incubator is equipped with a battery to provide power and water trays installed under the trays (5).

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