RU2128900C1 - Grain combine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering. SUBSTANCE: grain combine has rotor and perforated housing. Grain and straw heap is delivered into space between rotor and perforated housing for threshing. Straw is discharged through discharge window onto soil surface and chaff-and-grain mass is supplied into space of auger-type distributing mechanism. Underthreshed mass is fed to additional threshing apparatus. Grain and small fraction of chaff fall through openings extending through the whole length of perforated housing of auger-type mechanism and are further delivered in separating chamber. Chaff is directed by air flow to soil surface and grain mass falls by gravity into grain sack and is transferred through elevator into hopper. EFFECT: increased efficiency, reduced grain loss and improved threshing quality. 4 cl, 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to agricultural machinery, mainly to combine harvesting for harvesting crops and seed plants of herbs.

 In countries of the world where various brands and modifications of combine harvesters are made, in order to ensure the technological process of movements and separation of the grain part of the threshed mass, a reciprocating transport and sieve mechanisms, as well as a wind cleaning fan (wind screen cleaning) are installed after the threshing drum or rotor.

 Combine harvesters containing reciprocating mechanisms in the design and technological scheme of the thresher and wind-sieve cleaning of the grain part of the threshed mass have several disadvantages.

 In threshing aggregates of combine harvesters, to ensure the processes of movement and separation of the grain part of the threshed mass, oscillatory mechanisms are used, having a mass of up to several tens of kilograms. Alternating loads resulting from oscillatory movements of massive mechanisms, combined with vertically downward directed loads, periodically arising depending on the filling of the hopper with a grain mass of up to 2-3 tons, lead to fatigue failure of the structural elements of the thresher, dramatically reducing the service life of combine harvesters. In order to ensure operational reliability, safety margins, metal consumption and dimensions of the carrying elements of the thresher have been increased, as a result of which combine harvesters are not stable enough, maneuverable and have a mass that compacts the surface soil layer. The noise and dustiness resulting from the operation of reciprocating mechanisms and a wind cleaning fan worsen the working conditions of the combine and the operation of various mechanisms.

 Combine harvesters are not intended for harvesting grain crops on the slopes of mountains and hills, and their re-equipment in sloping design with expensive automatic tools and complex structural elements does not provide a stable process for open and horizontally distributed movement and wind-screening of the grain part of the threshed mass.

 Threshing devices of combine harvesters do not provide complete threshing, grinding, and separation of the grain and cereal mass of the leguminous and cereal seed plants. The additional equipment of combine harvesters with various milling and separating devices and the use of special stationary devices for drying, grinding and separating the grain part of the under-thinned mass of grass seed plants dramatically increase the cost of grain mass.

 A similar combine harvester (A.S. USSR N 294572, class A 01 D 41/00, 1971, number of pages 2) also does not provide complete threshing and separation of grass seed and allows the crushing of grains of various crops during grinding grain-straw mass.

 The problem solved by the present invention is to expand the technological capabilities of combine harvesters and address the causes of disadvantages. This problem is solved by changing the structural and technological scheme of the threshing unit of combine harvesters and using a separation device containing simple and reliable working bodies, as well as a domolachivaya device with pneumatic cleaning.

 Separation and milling machines fit into the design and technological scheme of threshers with both a rotary device and with a threshing drum. Next, a thresher with a rotary device, which is a more progressive working body of a combine harvester, is considered.

 In FIG. 1 shows a thresher, longitudinal section.

 in FIG. 2 is a section AA in FIG. 1.

 The combine harvester contains an inclined chamber 1, a thresher comprising a rotor 2 located perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the thresher, a perforated casing 3, a screw distribution mechanism 4, located under the casing 3, perforated changeable shrouds 5 of the screw distribution mechanism 4, used depending on the harvested crops or testes of herbs, the separation chamber 6, formed by the inner surface of the casing of the grain auger 8 and the outer surface of the casing of the distribution auger mechanism and 4, the shield of the air flow direction 7, the grain auger 8, the windows 9 for suctioning air in the casing 10 of the grain auger 8, a centrifugal fan 11, the inlet manifold 12 of the centrifugal fan 11, the grinding machine 13, the threshing drum 14, adjustable decks 15 and the loading hopper 16 of the pounding device 13, pneumatic cleaning 17, centrifugal fan 18 and annular space 19 of pneumatic cleaning, the guide tray 20, which are installed inside the side panels 21 of the thresher. The thresher also contains a spike elevator 22 connected to the output end of the screw distribution mechanism 4 and a tipping device 13, a grain elevator 23 connected to the output end of the grain screw 8 and the hopper 24, an exhaust pipe 25 connected to a spiral case of a centrifugal fan 11, an exhaust pipe 26 connected to the blower fan 17.

 Combine harvester during harvesting of crops and seed plants works as follows.

 Grain-straw mass from the inclined chamber 1 enters between the rotor 2 and the perforated casing 3, where it is threshed and rashes of unfinished and floor-grain mass through the openings of the casing 3 into the cavity of the distributing screw mechanism 4. The non-cereal part of the threshed mass (straw) moving along the axis of the rotor 2, through the exhaust window is removed to the surface of the soil. Under-thinned and half-grain mass, falling into the space of the distributing screw mechanism 4, with the help of a screw blade of the screw moves along the axis of the screw mechanism. In this case, the unfinished mass, reaching the end of the auger, is transferred by the grain elevator 22 to the home-grinding device 13. Grains and a small fraction of the floor, moving along the surface of the casing 5, pour out through its openings along the entire length of the screw mechanism 4 and, having reached the space of the separation chamber 6, under the influence air flow are separated into grain and floor. The grain mass under the influence of its own weight falls into the grain auger 8 and then is transferred to the hopper by the elevator 23. The floor with the air flow directed by means of the air flow direction shield 7 perpendicular to the path of falling grain mass is sucked through the inlet manifold 12 by a centrifugal fan 11 and sent an exhaust pipe 25 to the surface of the soil behind the working bodies of the thresher or into a container. The unfinished mass, moved by the spike elevator 22, enters between the scourges of the drum 14 and the adjustable corrugated decks 15 of the milling device 13, where it is milled and converted into a grain-grain mass. Using the rotational movement of the drum 14, the grain-grain mass enters the annular space 19 of the pneumatic cleaning 17 and, distributed vertically downward under the influence of a perpendicularly directed air flow, is subjected to separation of grain and floor. The grain mass, reaching the surface of the tray 20, is sent to the grain auger 8, and the floor, together with a vertically upward directed air flow, is sucked in by a centrifugal fan 18 and the exhaust pipe 26 is directed to the soil surface or to the container.

 Combine harvester can be used for harvesting crops on the slopes of mountains and hills up to 30 degrees, both direct and separate methods, as well as for threshing, grinding and cleaning the grain mass of various crops and crushing the grain mass in stationary conditions using autonomous processing on the domolachny device 13. For these purposes, the necessary gaps are established between the scourges of the drum 14 and the decks 15. The product is loaded into the loading hopper 16 of the pounding device 13, the guide tray 20, turning relative to the cylinder axis pnevmoochistki 17 is installed at a convenient position for collecting the product. When crushing grain mass, the fan turns off.

Claims (4)

 1. Combine harvester comprising a threshing and separating device installed in the thresher housing with side panels and a grain auger located in the casing, characterized in that a threshing mass is installed under the threshing and separating device in the rash area of the grain part and parallel to the axis of the threshing and separating device distribution screw mechanism with a perforated interchangeable casing, while the inner part is the surface of the casing of the grain auger and the outer surface of the casing of the distribution auger mechanism form a separation chamber.  2. The harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that a centrifugal fan with an inlet collector installed by an inlet opposite the zone of rash of the grain-grain mass is installed behind the distribution screw mechanism along the thresher.  3. The harvester according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that between the panels of the thresher and next to the casing of the screw distribution mechanism there is a shield for the direction of air flow perpendicular to the trajectory of movement of the cereal mass.  4. The harvester according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a threshing device with pneumatic cleaning of stationary autonomous threshing, grinding and cleaning of various crops and grain crushing is installed in the threshing case.

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