RU2128830C1 - Device for determining economic efficiency of off-line power plants - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: measurement technology. SUBSTANCE: device has first fuel flow sensor, second data sensor, display unit, adder, storage unit, and linear-dependent tolerance shaping unit; output of second data sensor is connected to input of tolerance shaping unit whose output is connected to first adding input of adder whose second subtracting input is connected to output of fuel flow sensor; adder output is connected to input of storage unit whose output is connected to display unit input. EFFECT: improved accuracy in determining amount of fuel (diesel oil) saved within definite time interval. 1 cl, 6 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to measuring equipment and can be used in enterprises operating autonomous power plants, such as a marine engine, a pumping unit in pipelines, a boiler plant, a compressor device, etc.

The basis of the present invention is the task of determining fuel economy Δ P = / P _N -P _f /, where P _N is a given (normalized) amount of fuel dispensed to perform a specific work (for example, a ship’s voyage), P _f is the actual fuel consumption, which allows you to reasonably stimulate the work of staff.

 A device for determining the efficiency of autonomous power plants, such as an internal combustion engine (ICE), a. with. USSR N 1578484 (MKI G 01 F 9/00), containing a plug, a sealing fuel tank, connecting piping, a gas meter and a pressure recorder.

 The disadvantage of this device is the duration of the control and limited accuracy.

 A device for determining the efficiency of autonomous power plants according to US Pat. RF N 2014569 (MKI G 01 F 9/00) publ. 06/15/94, BI N 11, containing a power controller, a torque sensor, a multiplication unit, two comparison circuits, a speed controller, five I circuits, a speed sensor, an electric valve, an electric valve control unit, an automation unit, an analog-to-digital converter, a weighing device, two dividers, a frequency weight sensor, three counters, an indication unit, a volume sensor, a distance sensor.

 The device allows you to determine fuel consumption per unit of the traveled vehicle with the required accuracy.

 A device for determining the efficiency of an autonomous power plant, in particular a carburetor engine of a vehicle, according to US Pat. USA N 3977238, cl. 73-114, publ. 1977, comprising a housing with a vacuum gauge placed on it, the internal cavity of which is connected with the space behind the throttle valve, a carburetor, a pointer arrow mounted on an axis pivotally mounted in the housing and kinematically connected to the vacuum gauge, a fixed disk with a scale applied to her in the zone of movement with a pointer arrow, and an alarm system.

 A disadvantage of the known device is the impossibility of its use for other autonomous energy facilities, such as diesel generator sets of ships, which makes it non-universal. In addition, the device does not provide automatic control over the exit of the operating mode outside the economic work zone, which requires maintenance personnel to participate in the monitoring continuously and worsen working conditions (see, for example, the device according to the USSR AS N 1017947, MKI).

 The closest in technical essence to the proposed and selected by the authors for the prototype is a device for determining the efficiency of autonomous power plants, in particular diesel engines, according to US Pat. NDP N 143347 (MKI G 01 15/00, published in 1989. The Water Transport Review Journal 1989 N 7. Ref. 7B39), which contains the fuel rail displacement switch l, speed sensor n, displacement-voltage converter , speed-voltage converter, indicator (oscilloscope), on the screen of which a closed loop is plotted, depicting the working area (the range of permissible values) in the coordinates nl.

 The essence of this device lies in the fact that a luminous point appears on the screen of the oscilloscope, which corresponds to certain working (current) values of n, l. The operator evaluates the position of this point relative to the boundaries of the working area and, based on the results of the observation, makes a management decision, for example, to change the position of the rail of the fuel pump or to change the speed of the diesel engine.

The disadvantages of this device are:
limited accuracy due to the visual removal of information from the screen of the oscilloscope by a human operator, and limited accuracy of the application of the working area to the screen of the oscilloscope;
limited functionality due to the lack of consideration of the environmental characteristics and the characteristics of the power plant, which includes the diesel engine, as well as the lack of integrated knowledge of the diesel engine for a certain period (hour, day, etc.).

 The proposed invention solves the problem of increasing the accuracy of measuring fuel economy over a certain period of time.

 This problem is solved in that the device containing the first fuel consumption sensor, the second information sensor and the indicator further comprises a linearly dependent tolerance generation unit, an adder and a memory unit, wherein the output of the information sensor is connected to an input of the linearly dependent tolerance generation unit, the output which is connected to the first summing input of the adder, to the second subtracting input of which the output of the first fuel consumption sensor is connected, the output of the adder is connected to the input of the memory unit, the output of which is connected nen with indicator input.

The essence of the proposed invention is as follows (for example, the operation of an autonomous power plant of a vessel). A certain amount of fuel is allocated to a ship depending on its load and expected sailing conditions. Actual fuel consumption P _f will differ from the planned P _N due to the qualifications of skippers and ship mechanics, the current technical condition of the power plant and the propulsion system of the vessel (propeller-screw), changes in the depth of the ship's way in real navigation conditions (draft, weather conditions, and forwarding depth etc.) The proposed invention allows for a certain period of time to determine the difference Δ P = (P _N -P _f ).

Distinctive features of the proposed invention are:
- introduction of a memory unit;
- introduction of the adder;
- the introduction of a block of linearly dependent tolerances;
- The relationship between known and newly introduced blocks.

The sign - the introduction of a memory block - is known (see, for example, Lebedev O. N. Memory chips and their application. M .: Radio and communications. 1990.) and is used for its intended purpose
The sign - the introduction of the adder - is known (see, for example, Aleksenko A.G. et al. The use of precision analog microcircuits. M: Radio and communications, 1985, p. 91) and is used for its intended purpose.

 The authors did not find technical solutions for devices to determine the cost-effectiveness of autonomous power plants that would use features such as a unit for forming linear-dependent tolerances and its connection with known and newly introduced nodes and blocks. The indicated features, according to the authors, are “essential” features, the use of which allows us to expand the scope of application and improve the accuracy of estimating fuel economy.

 The invention is illustrated by drawings, where in FIG. 1 shows a diagram of the proposed device, FIG. 2-5 are intended to explain the principle of operation of the device with different execution of the information sensor, in FIG. 6 shows a modified circuit of the device.

 The device (Fig. 1) contains a fuel consumption sensor 1, an information sensor 2, a linearly dependent tolerance generating unit 3, an adder 4, a memory unit 5, an indication unit 6, while the output of the information sensor 2 is connected to an input of a linearly dependent tolerance generating unit 3, the output of which is connected to the first (summing) input of the adder 4, to the second (subtracting) input of which the output of the fuel consumption sensor 1 is connected, the output of the adder 4 is connected to the memory input 5, the output of which is connected to the input of the indication unit 6.

 Block forming linear-dependent tolerances 3 (Fig. 1) contains an adjustable amplifier 7, a source of adjustable constant voltage 8, the second adder 9, while the output of the source 8 is connected to the first (summing) input of the adder 9, to the second (summing) input of which is connected the output of the amplifier 7, the output of the block forming linearly dependent tolerances 3 is the output of the adder 9, and the output is the input of the amplifier 7.

 Technical solutions of adders 4, 9, amplifier 7 are known (see, for example, A. G. Aleksenko and others. The use of precision analog microcircuits. M: Radio and communication, 1985).

Technical solutions for fuel flow sensors are known. See for example:
1. Khomich A.Z., Tupitsyn O.I. Fuel economy and heat engineering modernization of diesel locomotives. M .: Transport, 1975.

 2. A.S. USSR N 1732163, 1093899, 215538, US Pat. U.S. N 4355907, A.S. USSR N 1518696.

 3. Kremlin P.P. Flow meters and quantity counters. M .: Engineering, 1989.

 Technical solutions of memory units are known. See, for example, O.N. Lebedev. Memory chips and their application. M .: Radio and communications, 1990.

 The device (Fig. 6) differs from the device (Fig. 1) in that it additionally contains a null-organ 10 and a signaling device 11, while the input of the null-organ 10 is connected to the output of the adder 4, and the output is connected to the input of the signaling device 11.

 The technical implementation of null organs is known (see, for example, MZ Yudich. Analog comparing devices. M. Machine-building, 1984).

принимается за меру экономичности работы автономной энергетической установки.The essence of this device is as follows. The linearly dependent tolerance generating unit 3 generates a signal of the form G _N = ax + b, where x is the output signal of the information sensor 2, G _N is the normalized value of fuel consumption. Then the difference Δ G = G _N -G _f is determined, where G _f is the actual fuel consumption at a given value of x. The value of Δ G is taken as fuel economy. Evaluation of Δ G is carried out with a certain periodicity or continuously. Then the estimate Δ G for a certain period of time (flight, navigation, etc.) is integrated and the quantity

is taken as a measure of the efficiency of an autonomous power plant.

 Consider the operation of the device (Fig. 1) when using it as a device to determine the efficiency of the ship’s power plant. In this case, as a sensor of information 2, a speed sensor of a marine internal combustion engine (ICE) operating on a ship propeller is used.

The output signal of the speed sensor 2, proportional to the speed n, is fed to the input of the linearly independent tolerance block 3, in which this signal is fed to the input of the amplifier 7 with a gain of K ₇ = a, where a = (G ₂ -G ₁ ) / (n ₂ -n ₁ ) (see Fig. 2.) The output signal of the amplifier 7 φ ₇ = a • n is supplied to the first summing input of the adder 9, to the second summing input of which the output signal of the adjustable voltage source 8 φ ₈ = b = (G ₁ • n ₂ -G ₂ • n ₁ ) / (n ₂ -n ₁ ). The output signal of the adder 9 φ ₉ = a • n + b will correspond to the normalized fuel consumption G _N (see point 2 in Fig. 2).

The output signal of the adder 9, which is the output signal of block 3, is supplied to the first summing input of the adder 4, the second subtracting input of which supplies a signal from the output of the fuel consumption sensor proportional to the actual fuel consumption G _f at the current value of n. The output signal of the adder 4 φ ₄ = G _N -G _{f is} proportional to the fuel economy ΔG at a given time at a shaft speed n. The output signal of the adder 4 φ ₄ , proportional to ΔG, is fed to the input of the memory unit 5, in which it is stored.

Величина φ₅ отображается в блоке индикации 6.If the output signals of the sensors 1, 2 are continuous values, then in the memory unit 5 for a certain period of time Δt = (t ₂ -t ₁ ), where t ₂ ; t ₁ - respectively, the end and beginning of the time interval, the value will be remembered

The value φ _{5 is} displayed in display unit 6.

 If the device is used to determine the economic efficiency of a marine diesel generator, then an active power sensor, a wattmeter, will be used as an information sensor 2. The operation of the device in this case is illustrated by the graph shown in FIG. 3.

 If the device is used to determine the efficiency of the boiler plant, then the sensor of heat quantity Q is used as the sensor 2. The operation of the device in this case is illustrated in FIG. 4. Technical solutions of heat meters are known (see, for example, Lokshin V.Z. et al. Ultrasonic heat meter UTC-1 //. Instruments and control systems. 1994, N 1).

If the device is used to determine the efficiency of the compressor used on pipelines for pumping gas and / or oil products, then the power sensor P is used as sensor 2 (Fig. 5). Moreover, the compressor power is P = / a ₁ -a ₂ / • γ, where a ₁ , a ₂ is the final and initial pressure, γ is the carrier flow rate. As a sensor 2, an SG-type flow meter can be used (see Devices and Control Systems. 1994. N 3. P. 26-27). Flow measurement is also carried out by devices like "Sapphire-22-Ex-M" of Moscow JSC "Manometer" / cm. magazine Devices and control systems. 1994. N 10. Insert.

The operation of the device (Fig. 6) differs from the operation of the device (Fig. 1) in that the output signal of the adder 4 φ ₄ is additionally supplied to the input of the zero-organ 10. The output signal of the zero-organ 10 φ ₁₀ will be nonzero if φ ₄ ≤ ΔG ₉ , where ΔG ₉ is the allowable difference between the normalized and actual fuel consumption at the current value of the output signal of the sensor 2. In the limit Δ G ₉ . The output signal of the zero-organ 10, non-zero (the signal of a logical unit), is fed to the input of the signaling device 11 (light bulb or bell). The operation of the alarm 11 warns the operator about the need to change the operating mode of the power plant.

As a result of the application of the proposed device:
- the accuracy of determining fuel economy is improved by automatically detecting and fixing in real time the difference between the normalized fuel consumption and the actual fuel consumption;
- the scope of application is expanding due to the use of this device to determine the efficiency of various types of power plants, for example, marine diesel generator sets, compressors, etc .;
- the device allows you to determine fuel economy for any predetermined time interval / day, month, etc. /;
- when using a mechanical counter as memory and display units, information is saved during a sudden emergency power outage;
- a warning / alarm / alarm mode is provided when the difference between the actual and normalized fuel consumption becomes greater than the permissible value.

Claims (1)

 A device for determining the efficiency of autonomous power plants, comprising a first fuel consumption sensor, a second information sensor and an indication unit, characterized in that the device further comprises an adder, a memory unit and a linearly dependent tolerance generation unit, wherein the output of the second information sensor is connected to the input of the unit the formation of linearly dependent tolerances, the output of which is connected to the first summing input of the adder, with the second subtracting input of which the output of the flow sensor t is connected Pliva, the adder output is connected to the input of the storage unit, the output of which is connected to the input of the indication unit.

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