RU2126618C1 - Presowing seed selection method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: method involves feeding seeds to electric separator; registering physical parameters of separated seed flow with following correction of separator voltage, with dielectric permeability of seed flow within microwave frequency range being used as physical parameter; registering microwave field directed through flow of separated seeds; generating signal corresponding to difference value of previous and current dielectric permeability values in each cycle; depending on sign of the signal, correcting potential difference value of electric separator winding, preferably dielectric separator with split winding, till signal value is equal to zero. Method allows seeds with high sowing qualities to be separated. EFFECT: improved quality of selected seed material and increased efficiency. 1 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture, namely to improving the quality of seeds by their selection and can be used to increase productivity.

 There is a method of selecting seeds for quality, including the separation of seeds in an electric field, which can significantly improve the quality of the seed (Tarushkin V.I., Leonov BC, Shmelev A.I. Electric separator for seeds // Mech. And electric. Social. households. 1979, N 7, pp. 31-32.). However, when changing the initial seed moisture or the need to separate the seeds from different lots, for example, freshly harvested or after long-term storage, the problem of regime restructuring arises, which is associated with additional studies.

 There is also a method of controlling the quality of seeds by dielectric constant (a. S. USSR N 470264, MKI A 01 C 1/00. Method for determining the quality of seeds, BI, 1975, N 18). However, it does not allow the selection of seeds for quality in the stream.

 Of the known technical solutions, the closest is the method of separation of seeds in an electric field, including quality control of separation (Odintsov Yu.V. Study of the modes and stabilization of the process of separation of seeds in an electrostatic field / Abstract for the degree of candidate of technical sciences. - M: MIISP, 1980).

 However, this solution does not provide feedback with the process of separation of seeds, which requires additional costs for manual adjustment of the separation device and does not allow the selection of seed in the stream.

 The task of the invention is to study the dielectric properties of seeds depending on their sowing properties in the process of sorting and selecting seeds.

 As a result of using the present invention, an improvement in the quality of seed selection is achieved.

 The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that the seeds are fed to an electric separator and the physical parameter of the flow of separated seeds is recorded, followed by voltage correction on the separator. The dielectric constant of the seed stream in the microwave range is used as a physical parameter and the microwave field passed through the stream of separated seeds is recorded, while in each cycle a signal is generated corresponding to the difference value of the previous and current values of the dielectric constant of the seed stream, they are adjusted depending on the sign of this signal the value of the potential difference on the winding of an electric separator, mainly dielectric with a split winding, until I the moment of equality to zero of the specified signal.

 The invention is illustrated in the drawing, which shows the dependence of the dielectric properties of beet seeds with. Bordeaux from voltage across the split winding of an SDL-1 type dielectric separator. The graphs show that the dielectric constant and the dielectric loss factor in the seeds of the first fraction are higher (upper curve) than in waste (lower curve). In addition, at a certain voltage on the winding there is a characteristic kink, in this case, at a voltage of 1.9 kV. This stress corresponds to the maximum quality of the selected seeds.

 An example of a specific implementation.

 A heap of seeds was separated on an SDL-1 type dielectric separator into three seed fractions plus waste. The method was tested on beet seeds c. Bordeaux. Control samples were taken from unseparated seeds. The quality control of seed selection was carried out by measuring their dielectric properties in the microwave range (2450 MHz) for the first fraction as more informative. The results of measurements of the dielectric constant of the first fraction and seed waste are presented in the figure. The drawing shows that the first fraction is characterized by kink when the voltage across the winding is 1.9 kV, which corresponds to the maximum quality of seeds from the initial heap. This mode, in this case, was kept constant. Moreover, the dielectric constant and the dielectric loss factor for heap and waste were always lower than seeds of a higher sample. The results of checking the quality of seeds from the separation mode are presented in the table.

 The data obtained show that at a certain field strength on the winding of the dielectric separator, the best seed selection is achieved by quality, which allows you to automatically maintain high quality seed selection in the stream, and this in turn allows you to increase crop yields.

Claims (1)

 A method for preseeding seed selection, including feeding seeds to an electric separator, registering a physical parameter of the flow of separated seeds with subsequent correction of voltage on the separator, characterized in that the attenuation of the microwave field passed through the flow of separated seeds is recorded, and the dielectric constant of the flow is used as a physical parameter seeds, while in each cycle a signal is formed corresponding to the difference value of the previous and current values of the dielectric constant seed flow, depending on the sign of the signal value is corrected potential difference across the winding of the electric separator, preferably a dielectric with a split winding, until the vanishing of said signal.

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