RU212641U1 - DEVICE FOR MEASURING THE ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY OF THE SKIN - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of medical technology, the measurement of bioelectrical signals of an organism or its parts. The diagnostic device for measuring the electrical conductivity of the skin contains negative passive and positive active electrodes 2,3 placed in a common housing 1, as well as the first, second and third precision timers 4,5,6 (U1,U2, U3), respectively, each made according to the scheme generator of single and repetitive pulses with stable temporal characteristics and connected in parallel with each other. In series with each timer 4,5,6, one of three switches 7,8,9 (S1, S2, S3), a frequency modulator in the form of a transistor 10 (Q2), a constant voltage stabilizer 11 (U5), a current stabilizer 14 (U4) are connected , each made on the basis of a microcircuit of an integrated adjustable linear stabilizer (LM317), an adjusting resistor in the form of a potentiometer 12 (R17) brought to the housing 1, a pointer microammeter with a measuring head 15 (LS1) connected between the output of the mentioned transistor 10 and the positive electrode 3 of the device , the negative electrode 2 of which is connected to the common wire 13. In this case, the output of the current stabilizer 14 (U4) is directly connected to the positive electrode 3, the body 1 of the device has a socket 16 for a passive electrode, a socket 17 for an active electrode, a group of buttons 18 for switching switches 7, 8.9, button 19 for turning on the device, charge control button 20, current regulation handle 21, charging socket 22, sensitivity regulation handle 23 value. As a result of the use of this technical solution, an expansion of the arsenal and an increase in the effectiveness of such tools, namely, diagnostic devices for measuring the electrical conductivity of the skin, which are intended for counseling, determining the prognosis of the disease, planning preventive and therapeutic measures, is provided. At the same time, the problem of creating a diagnostic device for measuring the electrical conductivity of the skin, which reduces the time for analysis and simplifies the diagnosis, as well as improves the accuracy of diagnosing diseases, was solved.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of medical technology, the measurement of bioelectrical signals of the body or its parts, which provides for measurements using electric current for diagnostic purposes, in particular, the diagnostic measurement of the electrical conductivity or resistance of a body part and the analysis of the dissymmetry (anisotropy) coefficient of the body for the diagnosis of relevant diseases, predominantly cancer and somatic diseases. The diagnostic device allows for the early detection of precancerous and cancerous tumors, as well as the determination of the physiological health of the human and animal body. In recent years, the directions of scientific and diagnostic studies of biological objects, which provide for the analysis of the parameters of the measured complex resistance (impedance) of various parts of the body of a biological object, the so-called impedance methods, have become increasingly widespread. These methods are based on measuring the electrical parameters of the skin of a biological object in various parts of the body and comparing these parameters with the known (studied) parameters of a normal (reference) skin sample. According to the degree of deviation of these parameters, they judge the condition of the skin, diseases and other processes and phenomena occurring in a living organism. The development of this technical solution is due to the fact that the disability of patients with diseases accompanied by violations of the conduction of the skin requires the expansion of the arsenal and the improvement of diagnostic tools for the relevant diseases, mainly cancer and somatic diseases, designed to implement diagnostics by measuring the electrical conductivity of the skin.

A diagnostic device for a biotechnical bioimpedance control system is known, which consists of a computer and a mobile unit containing active and passive electrodes and their current leads, an electronic module, a battery power supply and a wireless interface connected to the output of the electronic module and communicating via a radio channel between the mobile unit and the computer. The body of the mobile unit is made in the form of a hollow cylinder, closed on one side with a cone-shaped cap, and on the other side with a cylindrical cap. Inside the housing there are an electronic module and a membrane fixed perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical housing, in the center of which one of the ends of the active electrode rod is fixed. The other end of the active electrode is installed in the axial hole of the conical cap. A passive electrode made in the form of a conductive ring, a button, a wireless interface and a battery power supply are installed on the outer surface of the housing, the common wire of which is connected to the passive electrode and the first output of the button. The use of the invention will improve the accuracy and efficiency of bioimpedance studies due to the patient's ability to independently remove information from the skin surface and thereby control the electrode pressure force, as well as by transmitting bioimpedance studies data to telecommunication networks in real time (RU 2570071).

A diagnostic device and a method are known by which the electrical conductivity of the skin is measured in the area of the projection of Yin and Yang - the components of the byol-chakras on the hands, the values of which are recorded separately. Make up a table of two parts, seven columns each. They build a "physiological corridor", connect the left and right values, getting diagrams. According to the location of the values of Yin - components within, above or below the physiological limits, the norm, excess or deficiency of the six basic energies is determined and, accordingly, the norm, hyper- or hypofunction of the organs and systems associated with them. According to the mutual arrangement of the "physiological corridors", the general psycho-vegetative state is assessed. By the presence of an excess or deficiency of the main energies of Yang - components, the prevailing psycho-emotional states are revealed and, comparing them with the most pronounced hypo- or hyperfunctional states of the organs, psychosomatic complexes are established. Then the byol-chakra is diagnosed with the most pronounced excess or deficiency of the main energy, measuring the electrical conductivity of branch energies. The values are entered into a table of six columns. Identified impaired function of the body by excess or lack of branch energy (RU 2137458).

A diagnostic device and a method for measuring the electrical conductivity of a tissue of a biological object are known, comprising applying electrodes to the studied area of the skin of a biological object and determining the components of the complex electrical conductivity of the interelectrode tissue according to the parameters of electrical oscillations in an oscillatory circuit that includes the complex resistance of the interelectrode tissue as an element, and a pre-saturated electromagnetic energy high-quality inductor, and the components of the electrical conductivity of the tissue of a biological object are determined by the parameters of free oscillations that occur in the oscillatory circuit, which also includes as an element the inductance of the inductor connected to the electrodes, while the resistive component of the electrical conductivity of the tissue is determined by the decay rate of free oscillations in the oscillatory circuit, and its capacitive component - by the amplitude of the first half-wave of voltage fluctuations between the electrodes after connecting an inductor saturated with electromagnetic energy to them. The saturation of the electromagnetic energy of the inductor is carried out dosed by connecting the inductor for a priori specified time to a constant voltage source (RU 2145186, prototype).

The disadvantage of the known technical solutions is that they require a long measurement time and do not allow to obtain the necessary accuracy when measuring the electrical conductivity of the tissue of a biological object, because the change in the quality factor of the device circuit strongly depends on the contact of the measured sample with the elements of the measuring circuit.

The problem to be solved by the present invention is to expand the arsenal and increase the effectiveness of such tools, namely, diagnostic devices for measuring the electrical conductivity of the skin, which are designed to verify the diagnosis, determine the prognosis of the disease, plan preventive measures and prescribe treatment.

The technical result is to create a new device for measuring the electrical conductivity of the skin.

The essence of the utility model lies in the fact that the diagnostic device for measuring the electrical conductivity of the skin contains a pointer microammeter with a measuring head placed in a common housing, and negative and positive electrodes connected to a common wire for measuring the electrical parameters of the patient, an adjusting resistor, as well as switches, while the device is made with three switches and is equipped with a frequency modulator, DC and voltage stabilizers, as well as with the first, second and third precision timers connected in parallel with each other and each made according to the generator circuit of single and repetitive pulses with stable temporal characteristics, and in series with each timer one of the switches is turned on, the outputs of which are connected to a frequency modulator made in the form of a transistor, DC and voltage stabilizers, an adjusting resistor, which is made in the form of a potentiometer, brought to the body, and the measuring head of the pointer microammeter, connected between the output of the said transistor and the positive electrode of the device, the negative electrode of which is connected to a common wire connected to the voltage stabilizer, while the current stabilizer is directly connected to the positive electrode connected to the said measuring head pointer microammeter.

Preferably, the first, second and third timers are configured to generate 24.4 Hz signals at 80.5 Hz. with a frequency of 22.5 Hz, respectively.

Preferably, the regulator is configured to generate a constant current of 5 µA.

Preferably, the measuring head of the microammeter is configured to measure current up to 10 µA

Preferably, the control resistor is configured to control the amount of voltage applied to the patient.

In the drawing figure 1 shows a diagnostic device for measuring the electrical conductivity of the skin in the collection, figure 2 - electrical wiring diagram of the diagnostic device for measuring the electrical conductivity of the skin.

Diagnostic device for measuring the electrical conductivity of the skin, i.e. the device as a whole is called the Mini Express Test System (abbreviated as "METSIS"). This device is intended primarily for the diagnosis of diseases, in particular cases of precancer (congenital or acquired tissue changes that contribute to the emergence of malignant neoplasms), cancer (presence of malignant neoplasms) and a healthy state of general homeostasis (the relative dynamic constancy of the internal environment (blood, lymph, tissue liquid) with the stability of the main physiological functions (circulation, respiration, thermoregulation, metabolism, etc.).

The diagnostic device for measuring the electrical conductivity of the skin contains placed in a common housing 1 negative passive and positive active electrodes 2,3, as well as the first, second and third precision timers 4,5,6 (indicated by U1,U2, U3 in the electrical circuit of Fig.2) , respectively, each made according to the scheme of a generator of single and repetitive pulses with stable temporal characteristics and connected in parallel with each other.

In series with each timer 4,5,6, one of the three switches 7,8,9 is connected (marked S1, S2, S3 in the electrical circuit of Fig. 2), a frequency modulator in the form of a transistor 10 (marked Q2 in the electrical circuit of Fig. 2), stabilizer 11 (indicated by U5 in the electrical diagram of Fig.2) of constant voltage, the stabilizer 14 (indicated by U4 in the electrical diagram of Fig.2) of current, each made on the basis of an integrated adjustable linear stabilizer microcircuit (indicated by LM317 in the electrical diagram of Fig.2), adjusting a resistor in the form of a potentiometer 12 (indicated by R17 in the electrical circuit of Fig.2) connected to the housing 1, a pointer microammeter with a measuring head 15 (indicated by LS1 in the electrical circuit of Fig.2) connected between the output of said transistor 10 and the positive electrode 3 of the device, the negative electrode 2 of which is connected to the common wire 13.

At the same time, the output of the stabilizer 14 (indicated by U4 in the electrical diagram of Fig.2) is directly connected to the positive electrode 3, the body 1 of the device has a socket 16 for a passive electrode, a socket 17 for an active electrode, a group of buttons 18 for switching switches 7,8,9, button 19 for turning on the device, button 20 for charge control, handle 21 for regulating current (connected to potentiometer 12), socket 22 for charging, handle 23 for adjusting the sensitivity of the microammeter.

The socket 17 of the active (positive) electrode 3 is intended for connection to the "HUMAN" point indicated on the electrical diagram of FIG. 2. The socket 16 of the passive (negative) electrode 2 is intended for connection to the common wire 13 (marked "GND" in the electrical diagram of Fig. 2) of the device. Active electrode 3 is a probe (like a multimeter). It is advisable to blunt the end of the active electrode 3. The passive electrode 2 is preferably a brass cylinder. The dimensions of the cylinder should be comfortable for grasping with one hand.

The first, second and third timers 4,5,6 are each made in the form of an NE555 microcircuit, which is a universal timer - a device for the formation (generation) of single and repetitive pulses with stable temporal characteristics. Resistors R and capacitors C (not marked with numbers in the drawings) are used to adjust the pulse time (t1), pause time (t2), period (T) and frequency (f) of repetitive pulses at the outputs of each of the timers 4,5,6 coming through transistor 24 (Q1) and transistor 10 (Q2) to microammeter 15 and electrodes 2,3. Preferably, timers 4,5,6 are configured to generate 24.4 Hz signals at 80.5 Hz. with a frequency of 22.5 Hz, respectively.

Preferably, the current regulator 14 is configured to generate a constant current of 5 μA.

The measuring head of the microammeter 15 is configured to measure current up to 10 μA.

Preferably, the control resistor (potentiometer) 12 is configured to control the voltage value applied to the patient (denoted HUMAN in the circuit diagram of Fig. 2) through the positive active electrode 3. Transistor 24 (denoted Q1 in the circuit diagram of Fig. 2) serves to amplify the signals timers 4,5,6 passed through switches 7,8,9.

The device has a connector (denoted J1 in the wiring diagram of FIG. 2) which is used as a charging socket 22, to which an external power supply is connected.

Diagnostic device for measuring the electrical conductivity of the skin works as follows.

Wires with lugs on the other end of the wire are inserted into sockets 16.17.

The socket 17 of the active (positive) electrode 3 is connected to the "HUMAN" point indicated on the electrical diagram. The socket 16 of the passive (negative) electrode is connected to the common wire 13 (GND). Passive electrode 2 has the form of a brass cylinder, which the subject takes in (right or left) hand. Accordingly, the active electrode 3 in the form of a brass probe is touched by the operator (doctor) to the palm of the other hand of the tested patient.

When the power is turned on, the generators (timers) 4,5,6 (U1,U2, U3) start working simultaneously, each of them generates a sequence of single and repetitive pulses with stable time characteristics.

Timer U1 generates a signal with a frequency of 24.4 Hz. Timer U2 generates a signal with a frequency of 80.5 Hz. Timer U3 generates a signal with a frequency of 22.5 Hz. The operator of the microammeter 15 connects in turn one of the timers (generators) 4,5,6 (U1,U2, U3) frequency using switches 7,8,9 (S1, S2, S3). The frequency selected by the operator is modulated by transistor 10 (Q2). Using the adjusting resistor R17 in the form of a potentiometer 12, connected to housing 1, the operator changes the voltage level supplied to the patient. For each patient, this voltage may be different, since the skin of different people has different electrical conductivity. Element LS1 - the measuring head of the pointer microammeter 15, 10 μA. The head of the microammeter 15 is connected between the output of the transistor 10 (Q2) and the positive electrode 3 of the device. The negative passive electrode 2 is connected to the common wire 13.

The signal of the selected frequency is applied to the human body through transistor 10 (Q2). The voltage stabilizer 11 is responsible for the magnitude of the applied voltage. Through the current stabilizer 14, a small direct current is supplied to the patient's body. By means of a measuring head, i.e. according to the state of the arrow of the microammeter 15, the change in the variable component of the current passing through the body (skin) of the patient is observed. The microammeter 15 measures the current using a measuring head within microamperes, the measurement scale is 10 μA. At the same time, the current flowing through the patient deflects the needle of the microammeter 15. If the resonant frequency of one of the timers 4,5,6 (U1,U2, U3) and pathological area of the skin (skin of the body) there is a sharp increase in the resistance of the skin area to the current and a rapid drop in the current passing through the microammeter 15 and the patient's body, fixed by the drop in the reading (to zero) of the arrow of the microammeter 15.

The operator monitors the position of the pointer and draws appropriate conclusions based on the nature of the deviation. Stabilizer 11 is configured to generate a constant current of 5 μA. The output of the current stabilizer 14 is connected to the active positive electrode 3 directly (directly). This current is not taken into account in the measurements and is only needed to bring the skin cells into a state of conduction.

It is known that the human body consists of 80% water and 16% proteins, hydro-protein complex (HPC). Those. that's 96% of body weight. It is known from the literature [Kutushov M.V. "Textbook of non-linear medicine. Diagnosis and innovation in the treatment of cancer and somatic diseases" Publisher: Izd. V. Sekachev, 2013 (https://www.labirint.ru/books/572290)] that the GPC of young and healthy people has a high anisotropy and dissymmetry. Each cell and organ has its own vibration and frequency in kilohertz and hertz. The FPC is essentially a liquid crystal whose anisotropy can be measured in terms of impedance and resonance. and found that the vibration of healthy cells in the GPC is 24.4 Hz., Cancer cells 22.5 Hz. and cells in a precancerous state (cyanide, defective, damaged) 80.5 Hz. If the natural frequencies of the cells coincide with the generator as part of one of the timers 4,5,6 (U1,U2, U3) of a certain frequency (resonance), the needle of the microammeter 15 drops due to the fact that the resistance in the circuit grows. To confirm the applicability of the proposed technical solution, blind tests were used - a procedure for conducting a study of people's reactions to any impact, in which the subjects are not initiated into the important details of the study. The method is used to exclude subjective factors that may affect the result of the experiment. In this case, as a rule, not only the subjects, but also the experimenters remain in the dark about the important details of the experiment until it is completed.

Numerous blind tests have shown a practically high diagnostic accuracy. The following are private examples of the practical use of the proposed device.

Example 1

A 45-year-old patient complained of recurrent headaches in the last six months. Blood pressure 130/80 mm Hg. Pulse 76 bpm per minute. There are no neurological symptoms. The pupils are uniform, respond well to light. Produced measurement of skin resistance, in which at a frequency of 22.5 Hz. the needle of the microammeter "fell" quickly. The preliminary diagnosis is a malignant tumor. The control computed tomography with contrast showed the presence of a tumor 2x3x2.5 cm with uneven edges, in the right parietal region. An operation was performed to remove the tumor. Histological conclusion: glioblastoma multiforme. The postoperative period was uneventful. A year later, CT scan showed no recurrence and metastases to the lungs and liver. There were no relapses for three years.

Example 2

A 56-year-old patient complained of weakness, pain in the right side of the abdomen, and occasional constipation. Colonoscopy and CT did not reveal any neoplasms. Blood pressure 140/85 mm Hg. article Produced measurement of skin resistance, in which at a frequency of 24.4 Hz. the pointer of the microammeter "fell" to the lower limits. Preliminary diagnosis of precancerous condition. However, the patient did not go anywhere for six months, until intestinal obstruction occurred. An operation was performed to remove the tumor with resection of the colon and end-to-end anastomosis. Histological examination: Highly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the ascending colon. Most likely from a malignant papilloma. The postoperative period proceeded smoothly. CT scan control after a year showed no recurrence and metastases to the lungs and liver.

Example 3

The patient is 35 years old. Complaints of poor sleep, irritability and weakness during the last three months. All blood and urine tests are normal. Blood pressure 125/75 mm Hg. Skin resistance was measured. The pointer of the microammeter "fell" at a frequency of 80.5 Hz. Which indicates good overall health and homeostasis. Diagnosis: chronic fatigue syndrome. Recommendations are given on diet, sleep, and rest. A month later, the condition is good, no complaints.

Conducting a study using the proposed device allows in a short time to make an objective diagnosis for many clinically similar diseases, in particular, cancer.

As a result of the use of this technical solution, an expansion of the arsenal and an increase in the effectiveness of such tools, namely, diagnostic devices for measuring the electrical conductivity of the skin, which are intended for counseling, determining the prognosis of the disease, planning preventive and therapeutic measures, is provided. At the same time, the problem of creating a diagnostic device for measuring the electrical conductivity of the skin, which reduces the time for analysis and simplifies the diagnosis, as well as improves the accuracy of diagnosing diseases, was solved.

Thus, the diagnostic device for measuring the electrical conductivity of the skin solves the problem of rapid, accurate and cost-effective diagnosis of diseases.

Claims (5)

1. A device for measuring the electrical conductivity of the skin, containing placed in a common housing a pointer microammeter with a measuring head, and connected to a common wire negative and positive electrodes for measuring the electrical parameters of the patient, an adjusting resistor, as well as switches, characterized in that it is made with three switches and is equipped with a frequency modulator, direct current and voltage stabilizers, as well as with the first, second and third precision timers connected in parallel to each other and each made according to the generator circuit of single and repetitive pulses with stable temporal characteristics, and one of the switches is connected in series to each timer , the outputs of which are connected to a frequency modulator made in the form of a transistor, DC and voltage stabilizers, an adjusting resistor, which is made in the form of a potentiometer brought to the case, and measuring and the head of the pointer microammeter connected between the output of said transistor and the positive electrode of the device, the negative electrode of which is connected to a common wire connected to the voltage stabilizer, while the current stabilizer is directly connected to the positive electrode connected to the said measuring head of the pointer microammeter. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the first, second and third timers are configured to generate signals at a frequency of 24.4 Hz at a frequency of 80.5 Hz at a frequency of 22.5 Hz, respectively. 3. The device according to any one of claims 1, 2, characterized in that the current stabilizer is configured to generate a direct current of 5 μA. 4. The device according to any one of claims 1, 2, characterized in that the measuring head of the microammeter is configured to measure current up to 10 μA. 5. The device according to any one of claims 1, 2, characterized in that the control resistor is configured to control the value of the voltage applied to the patient.

Images