RU212433U1 - Geoenvelope for volumetric reinforcement of soil foundations or structures - Google Patents

Abstract

The claimed utility model relates to the field of civil, industrial and military construction and is used for reinforcing and protecting against water and wind erosion of soils used for the construction of objects on slopes of the terrain, on the slopes of the route, as well as for strengthening the subgrade in order to increase its bearing capacity, increase in the modulus of deformation and retention of inert materials in the reinforced layer, and refers, in particular, to the geo-envelope for volumetric reinforcement of soil foundations or structures. The technical result of the claimed utility model is high performance and physical and mechanical characteristics. The technical result is achieved due to the fact that the geoenvelope for volumetric reinforcement of soil foundations or structures, consisting of at least two layers formed by interweaving between a longitudinally oriented and transversely oriented filament layers, while one of the filament layers is made of polyester fiber, the other filament layer is made of polyamide fiber, while the material contains an additional filament layer of cotton fiber, intertwined with filament layers of polyester and polyamide fibers and made with a PVC coating. What is new is that the device is a spatial cellular single-section structure of an open type, made with the possibility of filling it with bulk material, made of geotextile with the possibility of stitching geo-strips together in a perpendicular plane relative to the base plane with a stitch length of 4-8 mm and with the possibility of stitching geo-strips with a flexible base-bottom, at the same time, at the beginning and at the end of each line, a fastening is made, the length of which is 30-40 mm, while the bottom overhang is 0.3 m, while the strength of the stitched connection is at least 60% of the strength used for manufacturing geotextile devices, while the cells have a height size of 300 mm to 1500 mm, while additional filament layers are made: polypropylene or polyvinyl alcohol.

Description

The claimed utility model relates to the field of civil, industrial and military construction and is used for reinforcing and protecting against water and wind erosion of soils used for the construction of objects on slopes of the terrain, on the slopes of the route, as well as for strengthening the subgrade in order to increase its bearing capacity, increase in the modulus of deformation and retention of inert materials in the reinforced layer, and refers, in particular, to the geo-envelope for volumetric reinforcement of soil foundations or structures.

State of the art

An analysis of the prior art made it possible to identify previously published Russian and foreign patents, the closest of which are the following two analogues and a prototype.

The first analogue, a device made of geotextile materials as a forming pile shell simultaneously with casing technology, can be used in unstable soils, when in the engineering-geological section of the site there are significant layers of fluid, fluid-plastic loams and sandy loams with low strength characteristics, in soils with silty interlayers, in weak water-saturated thixotropic soils, as well as soils containing lenses and subject to quicksand. The use of this device includes the formation of a well in the soil with the placement of a casing pipe in it, characterized in that it is fixed on the casing pipe using a geotextile "stocking" casing, into which 5-10% of the volume of the concrete mixture is preliminarily poured, which will allow for the initial stretching “stocking” to a given depth, then the reinforcing cage is lowered and the final concreting of the pile is carried out (utility model patent of the Russian Federation No. 114468, publication date 03/27/2012).

The second analogue, the road structure, contains a geotextile fabric, a subgrade, a layer of crushed stone 3, interlocks of geotextile 4, a layer of asphalt concrete, and the geotextile fabric envelops the subgrade and the layer of crushed stone with a closed shell. This makes it possible to increase the density of crushed stone and subgrade layers during compaction and increase the load capacity of the road. In the proposed design, the geotextile fabric can be laid in separate sheets connected by locks, in addition, to increase the strength of the connection, the locks are stitched with pins, and for large-width roads, the use of geotextile with anchor collars and the absence of a geotextile shell at the base of the road is provided. On the one hand, the pin has a flat head resting against the asphalt concrete, and on the other hand, a sharp head that pierces the lock and is held by a protrusion from falling out until the asphalt concrete is laid. The process of erecting a road structure consists in the fact that a geotextile is laid on a site prepared according to elevation marks, two to three times (depending on the height of the subgrade) exceeding the width of the roadbed, then the subgrade is erected, a layer of crushed stone is laid, and the protruding edges of the geotextile along the sides of the road are wrapped over rubble, connected into a lock, impregnated with bitumen or other binder, and asphalt concrete is laid on top. When wrapping the sidewalls of the geotextile, the geotextile is simultaneously wrapped along the ends of the road, forming a closed shell from it. If necessary, studs are installed in the locks and a geotextile fabric with anchor collars is used to save geotextile at the base of the road (RF patent No. 2364700, publication date 08/20/2015).

The prototype - geoshell is a two-layer spatial structure formed by at least interweaving between a longitudinally oriented filament layer and a transversely oriented filament layer, and made in the form of a rectangular container or several rectangular containers connected by the sides and forming a common rectangular structure of a cellular shape, moreover, one of the filament layers is made of polyester fiber, while according to the present utility model, the other filament layer of the braided structure is made of polyamide fiber (utility model patent No. 149616, publication date: 01/10/2015).

The main objective disadvantages of the identified devices of the two analogues and the prototype are the low operational and physical and mechanical characteristics of their structures. The main problem of road construction in the permafrost zone is the need to build a subgrade on foundations that lose strength during thawing. This problem is solved, as a rule, by one of two methods: reduction (exclusion) of thawing of the subgrade base, or strengthening of the thawed soil. In accordance with this, geosynthetic materials that are most widely used in road construction in the permafrost zone are divided into two main categories according to their purpose: reinforcing (geogrids, spatial geogrids, geo-envelopes), and heat-insulating (polystyrene foam, peat).

However, the use of heat insulators does not allow to avoid thawing of the base. As a rule, the maximum thawing occurs under the lower part of the slope. If under the carriageway of the embankment thawing of the base can be excluded, then under the slope, especially under its lower part, a layer of expanded polystyrene of considerable thickness is required, which causes an increase in the cost of construction. Thawing is accompanied by uneven precipitation, subsidence and erosion of the thawed soil.

Simultaneous reduction of the thawing depth and reinforcement of the thawed soil could solve the problem, however, the use of several materials complicates the technology and increases the cost of construction.

The objective of the claimed utility model is to eliminate the identified shortcomings of analogues and prototype.

The technical result of the claimed utility model is high performance and physical and mechanical characteristics.

Brief essence of the claimed utility model.

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that the geoenvelope for volumetric reinforcement of soil foundations or structures, consisting of at least two layers formed by interweaving between a longitudinally oriented and transversely oriented filament layers, while one of the filament layers is made of polyester fiber, the other filament layer is made of polyamide fiber, while the material contains an additional filament layer of cotton fiber, intertwined with filament layers of polyester and polyamide fibers and made with a PVC coating. What is new is that the device is a spatial cellular single-section structure of an open type, made with the possibility of filling it with bulk material, made of geotextile with the possibility of stitching geo-strips together in a perpendicular plane relative to the base plane with a stitch length of 4-8 mm and with the possibility of stitching geo-strips with a flexible base-bottom, at the same time, at the beginning and at the end of each line, a fastening is made, the length of which is 30-40 mm, while the bottom overhang is 0.3 m, while the strength of the stitched connection is at least 60% of the strength used for manufacturing geotextile devices, while the cells have a height size of 300 mm to 1500 mm, while additional filament layers are made: polypropylene or polyvinyl alcohol.

In this case, the device is of a closed type with wraparound edges or a valve.

At the same time, the device is made multi-section, while the modules are connected by tapes for their fixation by crimping brackets.

In this case, the device is made in a mesh cell container.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by diagrams

Figure 1 shows a General view of a single-section device.

Figure 2 shows a General view of the multiple device.

Figure 3 shows a General view of a single-section device in a mesh cell container.

Figure 4 shows a General view of a single-section device of a closed type.

Figure 5 shows a General view of a multi-section device of a closed type.

Where 1 is the bottom, 2 is the side walls; 3 - bulk material; A and B - the width and length of the device; C - device height; a - cell size; b - departure of the bottom; 4 - valve; 5 - tape.

Utility Model Disclosure

The geoenvelope according to the international classification refers to geosynthetic materials (GSY), permeable class, geotextile group (GTX), type of geocell (GCE); According to the classification of GOST R 55028-2012 and ODM 218.5.005-2010 [5], they belong to the geotextile type (GT), the woven geotextile class (GT-TK), and the woven geo-envelope type (GOB-GT-TK).

Geo-envelope for volumetric reinforcement of soil foundations or structures, consisting of at least two layers formed by interlacing longitudinally oriented and transversely oriented filament layers with each other, while the diameter of the used filaments is 0.2-1.0 mm.

At that, one of the filament layers is made of polyester fiber, the other filament layer is made of polyamide fiber, while the material contains an additional filament layer of cotton fiber, intertwined with filament layers of polyester and polyamide fibers and made with a PVC coating.

The device is a spatial cellular single-section structure of an open type, made with the possibility of filling it with bulk material, which can be sand, crushed stone, ASG, etc.

The device is made of geotextile with the possibility of stitching geostrips together in a perpendicular plane relative to the plane of the base with a stitch length of 4-8 mm and with the possibility of stitching geostrips with a flexible base-bottom, which prevents mixing of the backfill material with the underlying soil.

At the same time, at the beginning and at the end of each line, a fastener is made, the length of which is 30-40 mm.

In this case, the departure of the bottom is 0.3 m.

At the same time, the strength of the cross-linked connection is at least 60% of the strength of the geotextile used for the manufacture of the device.

In this case, the cells have a size in height from 300 mm to 1500 mm.

At the same time, additional filament layers are made: polypropylene or polyvinyl alcohol.

In this case, the device is of a closed type with wraparound edges or a valve.

At the same time, the device is made multi-section, while the modules are connected by tapes for their fixation by crimping brackets.

In this case, the device is made in a mesh cell container.

The multi-sectional geo-envelope is designed for volumetric reinforcement of soil foundations or structures in order to form a composite layer (inert material + geo-envelope), which has improved performance properties compared to the filler. The composite layer has improved performance characteristics.

Table 1 - General characteristics of geotextile materials (according to ODM 218.5.003-2010).

Indicators Raw material Polyester PL Polyamide
RA Polypropylene PP Polyvinyl alcohol
PVA Water resistance Good Up to 30% strength reduction when wet Good Good Biostability Good Good Good Good Resistance to the action of acidic and alkaline media, concentrations possible under operating conditions Decreased strength in an alkaline environment with pH≥9 Additional strength reduction at medium pH less than 5.5 Good Good Light fastness Good bad bad Good Mechanical properties of fibers Good ones Good ones Low long-term strength Good

A device made from the geotextile materials shown in Table 1 complies with the following guidelines:

the possibility of using geoshells in the temperature range from minus 60°С to plus 60°С;

the fabric of geo-envelopes complies with the recommendations in terms of properties that characterize resistance to aggressive influences (weather-climatic and technological).

Implementation of the claimed utility model

First, stretching and fixing of the prepared geo-envelope for volumetric reinforcement of soil foundations or structures is carried out by pinning tapes on the pins of the frame mounting frame. By stretching the geo-envelope on the mounting frame, the empty soft geo-envelope holds its shape.

Then the geoenvelope tanks are backfilled. The filling of the geoenvelope, depending on the task being performed, is carried out with sand, crushed stone, ASG, etc. It is possible to treat the soil with cement, active fly ash, etc.

Depending on its volume up to 1.2 m ³ , the geo-envelope can be covered with soil at the quarry and then delivered by truck to the construction site. It is also possible to backfill in the immediate vicinity of the installation site and transport it to the installation site by a loader. A geoenvelope with a volume of more than 1.2 m ³ is filled directly at the installation site. After filling the geoenvelope with soil, the technological frame is dismantled. Lifting equipment can be used to remove the technological frame.

Then, with the help of tapes permanently connected to the walls of the geoshell, two adjacent geoshells are linked.

When using a geo-envelope as a base for a road, a layer of at least 10 cm is backfilled over the filled geo-envelope and compacted mechanically. The compacted surface above the geo-envelope ensures the operation, parking, and movement of heavy pneumatic and caterpillar vehicles, all-terrain, construction and special equipment.

The geoenvelope can be stacked in tiers and rows. With the use of a geo-envelope, it is possible to build hydraulic structures, subgrade foundations for roads, driveways, entrances, platforms and any other area, depending on specific design solutions.

After filling and tamping, the so-called “ground slab” is obtained, the reinforcing elements of which are flexible and at the same time strong, with high physical and mechanical characteristics, resistant to negative factors such as: ultraviolet radiation, significant temperature changes, chemical and biological aggressiveness soils.

Thus, the analysis and testing of the prototype confirm the achievement of the set technical result of the claimed utility model: high operational and physical and mechanical characteristics.

The utility model proposed for patenting has the criterion of "novelty", since the entire set of features of the formula is unknown from the prior art, given in the corresponding section of the description.

It is also industrially applicable, since sample tests confirmed the possibility of using the utility model in a folding device for cooking food.

Claims (5)

1. A geo-envelope for bulk reinforcement of soil foundations or structures, consisting of at least two layers formed by weaving together longitudinally oriented and transversely oriented filament layers, while one of the filament layers is made of polyester fiber, the other filament layer is made of polyamide fiber, while the material contains an additional filament layer of cotton fiber, intertwined with filament layers of polyester and polyamide fibers and made with a PVC coating, characterized in that it is a spatial cellular structure, made with the possibility of filling it with bulk material, made of geotextile with the possibility stitching geostrips together in a perpendicular plane relative to the plane of the base with a stitch length of 4-8 mm and with the possibility of stitching geostrips with a flexible base-bottom, while at the beginning and at the end of each line a fastening is made, the length of which is 30-40 mm, while you years of the bottom - 0.3 m, while the strength of the cross-linked connection is at least 60% of the strength of the geotextile used for the manufacture of the device, while the cells have a height size from 300 mm to 1500 mm, while additional filament layers are made of polypropylene or polyvinyl alcohol. 2. Geo-envelope for bulk reinforcement of soil foundations or structures according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made of a closed type and is equipped with wrap-around edges or a valve. 3. A geo-envelope for bulk reinforcement of soil foundations or structures according to claim 1, characterized in that it is multi-sectional, while the sections are connected by tapes for their fixation with crimping brackets. 4. Geoenvelope for bulk reinforcement of soil foundations or structures according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made of a single-section open type structure. 5. Geoenvelope for bulk reinforcement of soil foundations or structures according to claim 4, characterized in that it is made in a mesh cell container.

Images