RU2123144C1 - Water tap - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: water supply systems. SUBSTANCE: water tap has body with inlet and outlet passages, shut-off member located between these passages and stem connected with shut-off member at one end and with handwheel at other end. travel nut is engageable with thread of stem. Body is provided with sealing member with discharge hole. Shut-off member is provided with rod from beneath for closing the discharge hole. Seat is made in form of sealing member. Sealing member of stem, seat and sealing member with discharge hole are located between disks and are pressed by pressure nuts. Body is fitted inside pipe line and section of body with inlet and outlet passages and shut-off member is located in central part of pipe line section at clearance relative to its walls; outlet passage of body is connected with supply riser. Device retains its serviceability in case of ice pipe line because of emergency stoppage. EFFECT: enhanced reliability. 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to water-folding devices for industrial and domestic water supply. It can be used for filling tankers with water, for watering streets and green spaces, for various industrial purposes, where periodic water analysis is necessary.

 A device for analyzing water from an overhead gas pipeline is known according to the book “Buildings and Structures in the Far North”, p. 415, fig. IV-16. The specified device is taken as a prototype.

 In the body of the device, the valve is located close to the flow of water in the pipeline. The device does not have a riser. With a positive temperature of the water flowing through the pipeline, the device does not freeze. But if the temperature of the water in the conduit in winter drops to zero degrees, for example, due to an emergency stop of the movement of water, then ice will appear in the pipeline at the installation site of the device. Local intense heat loss can cause the valve to freeze or completely freeze the pipeline.

 The aim of the invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of the prototype. The housing of the proposed device is completely placed inside the pipeline, which eliminates heat loss from the installed fittings. The device is operable in the conditions of the appearance of ice, which can occur in the pipes during an emergency stop of the conduit.

 The design of the device shown in the drawing, section.

 Housing 2 is placed in the pipeline 1 to the full height, which has input channels 3 and an input channel with a supply pipe 4 adjacent to it. A running nut 5 is installed in the upper part of the housing, which interacts with the thread of the spindle 6. The spindle has a seal 7, the lower part is connected to a locking member 8 having a seal 9. A rod 10 is connected to the locking member, blocking the hole 11 in the lower position. The seals of the spindle, locking member and stem are sandwiched between the discs using the pressure nuts 12 and 13. The locking member is controlled rotation of the handwheel 14.

 When installing above ground, the pipeline is covered with thermal insulation 15. The dashed line 16 shows the surface of the ice ring, which may occur in an emergency.

 The device operates as follows.

 In the closed position of the locking element 8, the collection hole 11 is open. At the same time, there is no water in the supply pipe 4, in the housing below the shut-off element. There is also no water above the spindle seal. Water is only in the space of the housing between the seal of the spindle 7 and the seal of the shutoff body 9. This space is in the middle of the cross section of the pipeline with a gap relative to its walls.

 By rotation of the flywheel 14, the shut-off element 8 moves downward, water passes through the through-hole to the supply pipe 4 and then to the consumer. At the same time, the rod 10, sinking down, overlaps the discharge hole 11.

 The height position of the water consumer may be lower or higher than the device for parsing water. If the water supply facility is located above the device, then when the shutter is closed, water from the supply pipe will be removed through the discharge opening, which will automatically open.

 If ice appears on the walls of the pipeline of an acceptable size, the device will work without any interference. If the overhead water conduit is equipped with fittings that cannot work when ice appears in the pipes, then the allowable stopping time of the pipeline is determined by the time the water cools to zero degrees. This time is usually not enough to eliminate damage or accidents that occur in the plumbing system. The safe (permissible) time for stopping the water conduit in emergency cases can be significantly extended by allowing the walls of the pipes to freeze, using the heat of ice formation released when the water freezes in the pipeline. This is possible if you equip the water lines with fittings that are operable in ice conditions. When designing a water supply system operating in conditions of partial glaciation, a calculation is made to determine the permissible duration of the stoppage of the water conduit for the most adverse conditions: complete cessation of water movement, the lowest water temperature at the time the water conduit stops.

For water conduits equipped with fittings that are operable under conditions of glaciation, the permissible time for stopping the movement of water in the water conduit is determined by the cooling time of the water to the freezing temperature T ₁ and the formation time of the ice ring of the permissible value T ₂ .

 The initial data for the calculation: the diameter of the pipeline, the total thermal resistance of the pipeline, the ambient temperature, the temperature of the water at the time it stopped moving.

где
R - полное термическое сопротивление трубопровода, м•^oC/Вт;
V_в, V_тр - объем воды и стенок трубопровода; отнесенный к 1 м трубы, м³/м;
γ_в, γ_тр - плотность воды и стенок трубы, кг/м³;
C_в, C_тр - удельные теплоемкости воды и стенок трубы, Вт•ч/кг•^oC;
t_в - температура воды в момент остановки движения, ^oC;
t₀ - температура таяния льда, ^oC;
t_с - температура окружающей среды, ^oC.The cooling time of water to 0 ^o C can be determined by the formula:

Where
R is the total thermal resistance of the pipeline, m • ^o C / W;
V _in , V _Tr - the volume of water and the walls of the pipeline; referred to 1 m pipe, m ³ / m;
γ _in , γ _Tr - the density of water and pipe walls, kg / m ³ ;
C _in , C _tr - specific heat of water and pipe walls, W • h / kg • ^o C;
t _in - water temperature at the moment of stopping the movement, ^o C;
t ₀ - ice melting temperature, ^o C;
t _with - ambient temperature, ^o C.

где
γ_л - плотность льда, кг/м³;
r₃ - скрытая теплота льдообразования, Вт•ч/кг.The time of formation of the ice layer in the pipeline

Where
γ _l - ice density, kg / m ³ ;
r ₃ - latent heat of ice formation, W • h / kg.

 A significant indicator in the calculation of a frozen ice conduit is the coefficient of glaciation m. It is expressed as the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the ice ring to the cross-sectional area of the pipeline.

где
F_л - площадь сечения ледяного кольца, м²;
F - площадь сечения трубопровода, свободного от оледенения, м².

Where
F _l - the cross-sectional area of the ice ring, m ² ;
F is the cross-sectional area of the pipeline, free from glaciation, m ² .

Толщина ледяного кольца

Исследования показали, что наибольшая допустимая величина оледенения трубопровода не должна превышать 50% площади сечения трубы. При ледяном кольце в половину площади сечения трубы остается резерв на случай отклонения фактических тепловых потерь от расчетных. Половины сечения трубы достаточно для возобновления движения воды в трубопроводе.The inner diameter of the ice ring is determined by the expression:

Ice ring thickness

Studies have shown that the maximum permissible value of pipeline glaciation should not exceed 50% of the pipe cross-sectional area. With an ice ring in half the cross-sectional area of the pipe, a reserve remains in case of deviation of the actual heat loss from the calculated one. Half the cross section of the pipe is enough to resume the movement of water in the pipeline.

 The body of the device, immersed in the pipeline, has a cylindrical shape, streamlined in a stream of water. Calculations show that the hydraulic resistance of a body immersed in a pipeline is equal to the resistance of an open gate valve. The value of these resistances is 5 times less than that of oblique valves, 13 times less than that of direct valves.

 The total hydraulic resistance of submerged reinforcement installed on a 10 km long water conduit does not exceed 0.2 m water. Art. The installation of submersible fittings remains virtually unchanged from the calculation of the pipeline for hydraulic resistance.

For example, for a water conduit d _y = 500 mm at a water velocity in the pipeline of 1.5 m / s, local pressure losses from a cylindrical body immersed in the stream are 3 cm, for a water conduit d _y = 300 mm - 4 cm.

Claims (1)

 A device for disassembling water from a pipeline, comprising a housing with a saddle, as well as input and output channels, a locking member located between these channels, a spindle, one end of which is connected to the locking member, and the other end to the flywheel, a driving nut interacting with the spindle thread , a spindle sealing element, characterized in that the housing is equipped with a sealing element with a discharge hole, a rod is arranged on the locking body from below, which is arranged to overlap the discharge hole, the seat is made in de sealing element, and the sealing element of the spindle, the seat and the sealing element with a discharge hole are located between the discs and clamped by pressure nuts, while the housing is installed inside the pipeline and a section of the housing with inlet and outlet channels and a locking member is located in the Central part of the pipeline section with a gap relative to its walls, and the output channel of the housing is connected to the feed riser.