RU212278U1 - Axial cutting tool with fan-spray coolant spray system - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of metal-cutting tools, hole-making tools, such as reamers or drills. The technical task of the utility model is aimed at creating a rotating cutting tool that is easy to manufacture, which provides an efficient supply of cutting fluid. The technical result is aimed at ensuring uniform irrigation of the cutting and calibrating part of the reamer with the cutting and calibrating liquid. The technical result is achieved by the fact that the fan cooling system of an axial cutting tool, such as a reamer, is made of a solid carbide billet containing a shank, a neck and a working part with a through internal central channel, while the working part is ground with a large number of cutting edges and chip grooves, in which cutouts are polished. Multidirectional radial cuts are made in the working part in the chip channels, opening the central cooling channel, with the formation of a "fan-shaped" spray of cutting fluid, while the central cooling channel at the end of the working part is plugged. 4 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of metal-cutting tools, hole-making tools, such as reamers or drills.

In the prior art, various approaches are known to the design of typical tools with an integrated coolant supply system (hereinafter referred to as coolant).

A number of composite designs of cutting tools are presented in patents RU 2311269, RU 2403130, in which the cutting tool contains a body having a channel running along the axis, a cutting head mounted on the front end of the body and including a channel running along the axis, a fixing screw held in the body channel. In this case, radial passages for supplying coolant are formed between the fixing screw and the cutting head.

The disadvantages of these designs is the complexity and cost of their manufacture. These examples describe prefabricated (composite) designs of reamers, where the carbide part of the reamer is attached to a special body using a complex screw element. To implement the coolant supply, a specially made housing with a complex fastening part and an additionally made central coolant channel is used. Further, a complex screw element with a central hole is screwed into this body, which is connected to the hole in the body and additionally made radial holes for supplying coolant. In order for the coolant to reach the cutting zone, in addition to all of the above, additional slots (grooves) have to be cut at the end of the reamer.

A rotary cutting tool is known (patent RU 2465107, IPC B23D 77/00 B23B 51/06, publ. 10/27/2012) with an integrated coolant supply system for processing drilled holes, containing a cutting part, on which there is a large number of cutters or cutting edges and chip grooves, and a body having a clamp portion on the side facing away from the cutting portion. Coolant channels are made in the clamp section, laid so that the coolant coming from the end outlet holes of the clamp section moves in "free flight" along the body and enters the corresponding chip groove of the cutting part.

The disadvantage of this design is that due to the high rotation speed of the reamer, part of the coolant flow is sprayed and the coolant partially reaches the cutting part (during operation, the durability may decrease due to lack of coolant at the cutting point). Also, when cutting channels on the shank, the base part is violated, which can lead to additional processing errors.

A rotary cutting tool is known (patent DE 10347755, IPC B23D 77/006, publ. 2004-07-29), made in the form of a high-performance reamer, in which a torsionally strong cutting head is rigidly connected to the body in the axial direction, made of hard alloy, like powder. The cutting head is supplied with cutting fluid through a central channel in the tool body and through a system of radial channels located at or on the junction with the cutting head. The outer radial openings of the radial channel system are closed by a coolant guide sleeve extended towards the tool tip up to the flute outlet area, and thus ensures the lowest possible loss of cutting fluid when fed into the flutes.

The disadvantages of this design:

1) due to the use of additional devices and the need to burn radial channels for coolant - a higher cost;

2) in this design there are coolant losses;

3) due to the presence of a sleeve at the exit of the chip grooves, the removal of chips worsens,

4) coolant supply is carried out at the end of the chip grooves, which further increases the loss of coolant, worsens chip removal.

This well-known coolant system, integrated into the tail tool, is also suitable for the so-called minimum lubrication technology, in which the cutting fluid is supplied to the cutters with a stream of compressed air in extremely low concentrations - as opposed to the so-called "treatment with watering". In this way, lubricant is supplied to the cutters in the form of an aerosol during machining, so that a sufficient film of lubricant is formed in the immediate vicinity of the cutting edges.

The technical task of the utility model is aimed at creating a rotating cutting tool that is easy to manufacture, which ensures efficient supply of cutting fluid.

The technical result is aimed at ensuring uniform irrigation of the cutting and calibrating parts of the cutting reamer.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the axial cutting tool, made of a solid carbide blank, contains a shank, a neck and a working part with a through internal central cooling channel, while cutting edges and chip grooves are ground on the working part, in which cutouts are ground. According to the utility model, multidirectional radius cuts are made in the working part in the chip grooves using a grinding wheel, opening the central cooling channel, while the central cooling channel at the end of the working part is plugged.

In a particular embodiment, the axial cutting tool is made in the form of a reamer, and the step of performing the radial radial cuts is made uneven and equal to the uneven division of the cutting teeth made on the reamer (for example, at Z=6: 58°/60°/62°).

Execution in the cutting part of multidirectional radius radial cuts allows the release of coolant in the form of a "fan". This is due to the following: when coolant is supplied through the tool axis, the flow is directed to the working part, then it collides with a plug that limits its further advancement along the tool axis, and is ejected through cutouts into the working part of the tool. There is a uniform irrigation of the cutting part and chip grooves (calibrating part). Irrigation of the cutting part reduces the temperature in the cutting zone and, as a result, increases the resistance of the reamer, allows you to work at a higher cutting speed. Uniform irrigation of the gauge part reduces the friction force on the cylindrical bands of the gauge part and improves chip evacuation from the chip grooves.

As a blank, standard raw materials are used - a bar with a central cooling channel.

Different types of reamers use different non-uniform tooth divisions. When using the proposed design, the cuts are made after the manufacture of the reamer and are located with the same uneven division as the teeth on the reamer, allowing coolant to be supplied equally to all teeth.

To block the flow of coolant, the end of the reamer is plugged.

The essence of the proposed solution is illustrated by graphic material, where

in fig. 1 - general view of the sweep;

in fig. 2 - side view;

in fig. 3 - cross section along the slots of the "fan" spray;

in fig. 4 - enlarged working part of the reamer with spray slits.

The positions in FIG. 1-fig. 4 indicates the following elements:

1 - smooth polished end.

2 - central cooling channel for coolant, which is plugged at the end, for example, with a copper plug.

3 - sharpened cutting part of the reamer.

4 - cutouts for "fan spray". A - the junction of the "fan" spray cutout with the central cooling channel under the coolant.

5. Shank. The main base part of the sweep.

6. Polished flutes.

7. The calibrating part of the reamer consists of a cylindrical ribbon and two surfaces sharpened at certain specified angles.

8. Polished neck. The presence of this element allows processing deep holes (immersion into the part up to the shank), while the calibrating part on the reamer is much shorter. Accordingly, the production of a reamer with this element is economically viable.

Axial cutting tool, further development, with a longitudinal axis of rotation is made in the form of a single piece (Fig. 1). The standard range of required carbide rods is quite wide and allows the production of finished reamers with a diameter, for example, from 3 mm to 32 mm.

The reamer is a monolithic, one-piece design, in which an internal central cooling channel 2 is made at the time of the workpiece. These blanks with a ready-made internal central cooling channel 2 are standard products and are supplied in a wide range. At the end of the reamer, the cutting part 3 is ground with grinding wheels at a given angle and with a special cutting geometry. Next, the calibrating part 7 of the reamer and polished chip grooves 6 are ground (Fig. 1). All teeth along the body of the reamer are distributed extremely unevenly. The number of teeth depends on the diameter of the tool and the requirements for the finished hole. At the end, the inner central cooling channel 2 is plugged with a copper plug, which is necessary to redirect the coolant flow from the inner channel into the “fan” spray cutouts.

In chip grooves 6 grinding wheels on a grinding machine made multidirectional radial radial cuts 4 (Fig. 1-Fig. 4). This operation is performed immediately after grinding the chip grooves 6 on the calibrating part 7 of the reamer, which improves accuracy and quality and eliminates or reduces additional costs associated with changeovers and readjustments. The cutouts 4 are distributed over the calibrated part with the same pitch as the flutes 6. Due to all this, the direction of the coolant flow is always directed to the desired part of the reamer, regardless of the number of teeth and the angles of distribution of the teeth along the circumference.

The reamer is clamped by the shank (basing part) in the chuck of the machine. After that, the machine turns on the internal coolant supply. The coolant flow rushes through the internal central cooling channel to the end of the tool and, resting against the plug, changes the direction of its movement. After that, it is thrown onto the cutting and calibrating part of the reamer through the "fan" spray cutouts. At the same time, the outgoing flow is not narrowly directed, as when fed through cylindrical burnt holes, but sprayed in the form of a “fan”, which does not create additional vibrations and allows you to work with a high coolant pressure (more abundant cooling). As a result, the coolant cools the cutting area and flushes the chips out of the chip grooves.

Thus, the proposed design of the axial cutting tool with a system of "fan" spraying of the cutting fluid solves the following problems: ease of manufacture, uniform irrigation (cooling) of the working part of the reamer; does not affect the number of regrinds; there is no point impact by the coolant flow (the flow is sprayed) and, therefore, vibrations are excluded at high pressure.

Claims (3)

1. An axial cutting tool made of a solid carbide blank, containing a shank, a neck and a working part with a through internal central cooling channel, while cutting edges and chip grooves are ground on the working part, in which cutouts are polished, characterized in that in the working part multidirectional radius cuts are made in the chip grooves using a grinding wheel, opening the central cooling channel, while the central cooling channel at the end of the working part is plugged. 2. An axial cutting tool according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made in the form of a reamer. 3. An axial cutting tool according to claim 2, characterized in that the step of performing the radial radial cuts is made uneven and equal to the uneven division of the cutting teeth made on the reamer.

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