RU2122129C1 - Positive-displacement rotary machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power engineering: engines, pumps, compressors. SUBSTANCE: machine has stator, driving rotor installed for rotation and provided with at least one tooth, at least one driven toothed sealing disk installed for rotation and engagement with driving rotor, and working medium inlet and outlet. Closed driving rotor has at least one slot concentric to its axis of rotation. Rotor tooth is wound on ring. Stator has partition resting on ring and concentric to axis of rotation of driving rotor and arranged in slot of rotor. Ring and partition have at least one slot accommodating driven toothed sealing disk. EFFECT: enlarged processing and operating capabilities, increased efficiency and specific power, compact design. 1 cl, 7 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to mechanical engineering, in particular to volumetric rotary machines with rotating working bodies, and can be used in internal combustion engines (ICE), including diesel engines, in engines with an external energy source, compressors, pumps, turbines, in measuring equipment, for example flow meters, dosimeters.

 Known rotary piston machines containing stators having the shape of tori or torus segments, and rotor pistons placed therein in the form of torus segments (US 2904023 A, 1959; SU 1560730 A1, 1990; SU 527520 A, 1977; SU 1733649 A, 1992).

 However, these machines have large dimensions and complex construction.

 The closest technical solution to the invention is a volumetric rotary machine containing a stator, a driving rotor mounted for rotation and having at least one tooth, at least one driven gear sealing disk mounted for rotation and engagement with a driving rotor, an input and the output of the working fluid (SU 757770 A, 1980).

The disadvantages of this machine are:
a) lack of universality, since as a compressor due to the fact that the cut-off volume is connected to the discharge area without preliminary compression by rotors, it is not applicable as an internal combustion engine;
b) large dimensions;
c) the presence of ballast volume, which reduces the efficiency.

 The objective of the invention is the creation of a universal rotary machine that does not contain ballast volume (the volume of structural elements of which is determined only by the strength of the materials), less sensitive to abrasive impurities of the working fluid, allowing the use of effective sealing methods such as labyrinth seals, o-rings, operating with high efficiency. Along the way, it became possible to completely unload the driven rotor from the moment along its axis of rotation from the side of the working fluid, which facilitates its synchronization with the driving rotor and reduces their wear.

 The problem is achieved due to the fact that in a volumetric rotary machine containing a stator, a driving rotor mounted for rotation and having at least one tooth, at least one driven gear sealing disk mounted for rotation and engagement with the driving rotor, the input and output of the working fluid, the driving rotor is made closed with at least one groove concentric with its axis of rotation, the rotor tooth is wound on the ring, the stator is equipped with a partition resting on the ring, concentric with the axis of rotation in duschego rotor situated in a groove of the latter, and the baffle ring has at least one recess, wherein the driven gear is a sealing disk.

 The invention is illustrated by drawings (Fig. 1 - 7), depicted on which the nodes and elements have the following item numbers.

1 - gear rotating driven sealing disk (EXPLOSION);
2 - radial groove on the blast;
3 - pipe;
4 - latitudinal fragment of a hollow torus;
5 - conical pipe;
6 - exit window;
7 - disk;
8 - discharge pipe;
9 - login window;
10 - suction pipe;
11 - segment of the hollow torus;
12 - axis EXPLOSION;
13 - teeth for fixing the drive;
14 - bearings;
15 - axis;
16 - lead screw (rotor);
17 - the teeth of the lead screw (rotor);
18 - torus ring;
19 - stator;
20 - groove under the blast;
21 - camera, increasing in volume, associated with the entrance window;
22 - chamber of maximum volume (first local maximum);
23 — a chamber decreasing in volume;
24 - camera, decreasing in volume, associated with the exit window;
25 - a chamber of minimum volume;
26 - camera, increasing in volume;
27 - chamber of maximum volume (second local maximum);
28 - place for a possible candle;
29 - stator septum;
30 - groove on the lead screw under the stator baffle.

In FIG. 1 shows a volumetric rotary machine (ORM) designed for a compressor, a cut along the axis of the machine passes through a toothed rotating driven sealing disk (EXT);
in FIG. 2 is a top view of the compressor;
in FIG. 3 - scan of the compressor;
in FIG. 4 - ORM, designed under the internal combustion engine, the cut along the axis of the machine passes through one of the airborne explosives;
in FIG. 5 is a top view of the internal combustion engine with a local section along the axis of the airborne explosives;
in FIG. 6 and 7 are ICE scans for a screw with a step of 4 Pi and 2 Pi radians, respectively, where EXPLOSION 1 (Fig. 1, 3) of the compressor is a disk made integrally with its axis 12 (Fig. 1). The thickness of the disk decreases to the perimeter. The disk has three radial grooves 2 (Fig. 1), evenly spaced around the perimeter. In the stator 4 placed torus ring 18.

 The stator 19 (Fig. 1, 2) is made in the form of a combination of six concentric figures. A torus 18 (Fig. 1) is supported by a segment of a conical pipe 5 (Figs. 1, 2), which intersects the latitudinal fragment of the hollow torus 4 (Fig. 1), which has a common axial circle with the torus 18. The outer (narrower) part of the segment of the conical pipe serves as a discharge pipe 8 (Fig. 1). A suction pipe 10 (Fig. 1, 2) in the form of a pipe 3 (Fig. 1, 2) of maximum radius rests on a fragment of a hollow torus from the outside. The torus and the conical pipe are cut by a groove 20 (Fig. 2) under the EXPLOSION, the axis of which touches the axial circumference of the tori. Between the pipes 5 and 3 on the torus segment, a suction window 9 is made (Figs. 1, 2, 3), adjacent to the plane of the groove 20, occupying the entire space between the pipes, extending within about 240 degrees around the axis of the tori. On the surface of the segment of the hollow torus, internal with respect to the conical pipe 5, there is an injection window 6 (Figs. 1, 2, 3) adjacent to the groove plane on the other hand, over the entire width of the torus segment with an angular size of about 120 degrees. The hole of the torus segment overlaps the disk 7 (Fig. 1, 2), from which the axis 15 (Fig. 1) emerges. The stator element is a partition 29 (Fig. 1) is formed by a torus 18 and a conical pipe 5.

 The drive screw 16 (Fig. 1) has the shape of a segment of the hollow torus 11 (Fig. 1), supplementing the segment of the hollow torus of the stator 4. Three closed teeth 17 (Figs. 1, 3) are fastened thereon, wound around the torus 18 (one turn around torus - one revolution around the axis of the torus), dividing the space between the torus 18 and the hollow torus into three chambers. The teeth are cut by a groove 30 (Fig. 3) under the conical tube 5. Axis 12 (Fig. 1) EXPLOSION is fixed in the bearings located in the stator torus 18. The drive screw is fixed on the axis of the stator 15 by means of bearings 14 (Fig. 1). It has a concentric hole with teeth 13 (Fig. 1) for fixing the axis of the engine. The outlet pipe 8 (Fig. 1, 2) is located inside the inlet pipe 10 (Fig. 1, 2).

 The dynamics of the ORM (compressor) is shown on its scan. The cuts pass along the EXPLOSION 1 and along the partition 29 (more precisely, along the conical pipe 5). The space in the form of a torus, formed by the elements of the stator and the driving screw, is divided by the partition wall 29 of the stator and the EXPLOSION 1, and on the scan looks like a rectangle. The teeth 17 (Fig. 3) of the lead screw, it is divided into several chambers. The rotation of the drive screw through gearing is transmitted by EXPLOSION. The teeth of the lead screw slide in the grooves of the EXPLOSIVES, completely overlapping those parts that are not blocked by the stator baffle. On one side of the EXPLOSION chamber 21 are formed (Fig. 3), the volume of which is increasing. They are connected through the window 9 (Fig. 3) with the input pipe 10. When the volume of the chambers 22 (Fig. 3) reaches its maximum value, their connection with the suction windows ceases. Further, the volume of the chambers 23 (Fig. 3) decreases, and when the desired compression is achieved, the chambers 24 (Fig. 3) are connected to the discharge window 6 (Fig. 3) and their volume decreases to zero.

 Most fully reveals the possibilities of ORM its use as an internal combustion engine (diesel). It consists of a stator, a lead screw and 4 EXPLOSIVES and has the shape of a torus formed by fragments of a lead screw (rotor) and a stator.

 The stator 19 (Fig. 4) is formed by a torus 18 (Fig. 4, 5) connected by a conical pipe 5 (Fig. 4) to the latitudinal segment of the hollow torus 4 (Fig. 4, 5). The torus 18 with a conical pipe 5 forms a partition 29. On the partition 29 there are four meridional grooves 20 (Fig. 5) under the blast. On the torus segment 4 there are four windows for supplying a combustible mixture 9 (Fig. 5, 6) and four exhaust windows 6 (Figs. 5, 6) adjacent to the groove planes for the EXPLOSION from opposite sides, so that the inlet windows lie inside the conical pipe 5 and the exhaust windows are outside.

 The lead screw 16 (Fig. 4) has the shape of a segment of the hollow torus 11 (Fig. 4), supplementing the segment of the hollow torus of the stator 4. Three closed teeth 17 (Fig. 4, 6) are fastened on it, wound around the torus 18 (one turn around torus - two turns around the axis of the torus), dividing the space between the torus 18 and the hollow torus into three chambers. The teeth are cut by a groove 30 (Fig. 4, 6) under the conical pipe 5. On the outer side of the drive screw there are teeth 13 (Fig. 4) for fixing the drive axis.

 EXPLOSION is a disk 1 (Fig. 4, 6, 7), rigidly mounted on the axis 12 (Fig. 4), which is fixed in the stator in bearings; the disk has six radial grooves 2 (Fig. 4, 5), which include the teeth of the lead screw, overlapping those parts that are not blocked by a partition 29.

 Diesel works as follows.

 During the rotation of the rotors of the chamber 21 (Fig. 6), formed by the hollow torus of the driving screw, the stator baffle 29, EXTRA 1 and the teeth 17 (Fig. 6) of the driving screw located on the inside of the conical pipe 5, increase in volume and are filled with a combustible mixture through suction windows 9 (Fig. 6). When their volume reaches a local maximum of 22 (Fig. 6), communication with the suction windows ceases. As they approach the axis of symmetry of the torus, the volume of the chambers begins to decrease due to the geometry of the torus and additionally due to the fact that the radius of the axial circumference of the stator torus is smaller than the radius of the hollow torus. This can achieve any degree of compression. When the chambers 25 (Fig. 6) are located symmetrically with respect to the equatorial plane, the compression ratio is maximum and the combustible mixture ignites. Further, as you approach the conical pipe, the volume of the chambers 26 (Fig. 6) increases. The second local maximum of volume 27 (Fig. 6) is larger than the first, due to the fact that the cone pipe does not divide the torus along the equatorial plane, due to which the chamber 24 (Fig. 6) is connected to the exhaust windows 6 (Fig. 6) under pressure equal to atmospheric. In FIG. 7 for comparison shows a variant with six teeth, the step of which is half as much, and the maximum compression ratio of the internal combustion engine is also less.

 The following ORM options are possible.

 1) In ORM there can be several EXTRA.

 2) On the lead screw 16, several grooves can be made in which the petals of the stator septum 29 enter, this increases the number of ORM chambers.

 3) Additional windows can be made on the lead screw ORM.

 4) EXPLOSIVES can be stacked from moving relative to each other parts, can be equipped with rollers to ensure a guaranteed clearance between the rotors and can have additional external synchronization.

 5) In case of deliberately non-uniform rotation of the drive screw in a steady state, for example, in an internal combustion engine or a compressor, due to the cyclical nature, the rotation of the EXHAUST can be uniform if the pitch of the screw is made variable.

 6) It is possible to use ORM as a pump with a fixed driving screw and a rotating stator. In this case, the windows are carried out on the lead screw through which the stator axis exits. Compromise options are possible for the arrangement of windows on the stator and on the lead screw.

 7) Labyrinth seals or others (for example, to install analogs of o-rings) can be applied to all working edges (on the surface of the grooves of the EXTRA and the stator, on the edges of the teeth).

 8) To reduce friction, the rotors can be installed in bearings.

 In addition, performed by ORM as an internal combustion engine, if candles and nozzles of continuous action are placed on the stator torus 18 in small recesses 28 (Fig. 6), then an internal combustion engine using liquid fuel is obtained. The engine in this design can work both as a compressor and as a pump, depending on the size of the output windows.

 In these versions of ORM in the form of a compressor and in the form of an internal combustion engine, the following qualities are inherent in it.

 1) OMP is compact, its main volume is working, since there is nothing superfluous in a ringed cylinder in the form of a hollow torus with a bottom and double-acting pistons devoid of ballast volume, all parts are maximally involved in performing useful work, which improves the specific performance of the machine.

 2) The thickness and profile of the teeth of the lead screw and the blasting plate are determined only by the strength of the shapes and materials and ease of manufacture, which facilitates their manufacture (the teeth of the screw can be made on a lathe with an attachment such as a rotary table).

 3) Since the EXPLOSION is in contact with the working fluid by the surface of rotation, then the moment is not transmitted to it on this axis from the side of the working fluid and, therefore, when it is uniformly rotated, the friction between it and the drive screw is minimal, which reduces wear and increases efficiency.

 4) EXPLOSION well cleans the lead screw of possible impurities of the working fluid, pushing solid particles into the exit windows. There are no untreated zones in the ORM cells. This extends the scope of ORM.

 5) The cross-sectional area of the flow of the working fluid corresponds to its compression ratio, so that hydraulic losses in the machine are minimal, which increases the efficiency.

 6) By adjusting the angular dimensions of windows 6 and 9, it is possible to set optimal operating modes for various compression ratios of the working fluid. Including at a compression ratio of 1, the ORM turns into a pump for gas and liquid.

 7) The compression ratio of the ORM in the form of a compressor and ICE can be increased in various ways: by reducing the angular dimensions of the discharge window, by changing the radius of the axial circumference of the stator torus 18 and its radius, by changing the number of teeth 17 of the lead screw or their pitch, by changing the position of the partition wall 29 of the stator.

 8) The ORM design does not impose restrictions on the degree of compression (restrictions are determined only by heat resistance, material strength and manufacturing accuracy), which makes it possible to use ORM as a diesel engine.

 9) The design allows the installation of seals (labyrinth or ring type) on all interacting edges.

 10) The circular joints between the segments of the hollow torus 4 of the stator and the driving screw of the internal combustion engine do not require careful sealing, since the pressure in this region is close to atmospheric, and for a compressor this is true for one such joint.

 11) The influence of leaks in the grooves of the EXPLOSIVES is weakened by the fact that, on the other hand, there are chambers with close pressure.

 These advantages, as well as a wider range of materials, up to ceramics, not typical for reciprocating diesel engines due to vibrations from reciprocating movements, and as a result, a possible increase in efficiency, high revs and, as a result, high specific power make it possible to use such engines in aviation. It may be possible to place engines of this type in the wheels of a car.

Claims (1)

 Volumetric rotary machine containing a stator, a driving rotor mounted for rotation and having at least one tooth, at least one driven gear sealing disk mounted for rotation and engagement with a leading rotor, the input and output of the working fluid, characterized in that the driving rotor is closed with at least one groove concentric to its axis of rotation, the rotor tooth is wound on the ring, the stator is equipped with a partition resting on the ring, concentric with the axis of rotation of the driving rotor, located in the groove in series, the ring and the baffle have at least one groove in which the driven gear sealing disk is located.

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