RU2121259C1 - Fodder grinder - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, in particular, coarse and succulent fodder grinding equipment. SUBSTANCE: grinder has vertical cylindrical chamber with cutting members fixed to its inner surface, and shaft positioned within chamber and provided with knives and disk. Disk has diametrical radial slots for receiving three-sided rectangular prisms which are mounted for vertical movement with their right angles oriented downward. Upper inclined sides of disk slots are provided with cutting edges. Shaft has axial cavity for receiving prism vertical motion mechanism. During grinding of coarse fodder, prisms are disposed in upper position to define projections on disk surface. When roots are ground, prisms are set in lower position so that windows are defined between disk and prisms. Grinder allows coarse and succulent fodder to be ground to particles of size satisfying zootechnical requirements. EFFECT: increased efficiency, improved quality of feed by reduced nutrient loss. 2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to devices for grinding coarse and succulent feed.

 Known feed chopper-mixer, including a chamber with spring-loaded cutting elements on its inner surface, a shaft installed coaxially with the shaft, provided with knives mounted on the belt, and blades for unloading feed installed in the lower part of the chamber (SU, 677722 A, 05.08 .79. Cl. A 01 F 29/00).

 The disadvantage of this grinder is that it cannot provide high-quality grinding of root crops in accordance with zootechnical requirements. Due to their large net weight, such feeds quickly pass through the grinding zone due to gravity and fall onto the unloading blades. As a result, the geometrical size of the part of the crushed product has a large spread.

 Known feed chopper containing a cylindrical chamber with cutting elements on its inner surface, mounted inside the chamber of a rotary working body coaxially with it with knives fixed to the surface and a disk mounted on the rotor shaft in the lower part of the chamber in the area of the discharge neck (SU 1232178 A1, 23.05 .86, CL A 01 F 29/00).

 The disadvantages of the known grinder, adopted for the prototype, are as follows. When the cylindrical chamber with the cutting elements is brought to the disk, the root and tuber crops slip over the disk, they are regrind, as a result of which a lot of juice is released that is not used, which actually leads to the loss of nutrients. In addition, the discharge neck is clogged with a crushed product, which reduces its productivity and increases energy costs.

 When the cylinder is removed from the disk, the crushed root tubers have large particle sizes, which does not meet the zootechnical requirements. In addition, the adjustment of the gap between the disk and the cylinder requires stopping the grinder, installing the required number of gaskets, which takes a lot of time.

 The problem to which the invention is directed, consists in the need to grind coarse and succulent fodder to a given particle size, reduce labor costs for setting up the grinder for a given operating mode, and also reduce energy costs for the grinding process.

 The technical result from the use of the present invention is to quickly transfer the machine to grind both coarse and succulent feeds to obtain a crushed product to particle sizes corresponding to zootechnical requirements and less loss of nutrients.

 This is achieved by the fact that in the grinder, containing a cylindrical chamber with cutting elements on its inner surface, a rotary working element mounted coaxially with the rotary working body with knives fixed on its surface and a disk mounted on the rotor shaft in the lower part in the area of the discharge neck, the disk made with diametrically spaced radial grooves for placement of trihedral rectangular prisms, connected together with the possibility of joint vertical movement, set by right angles down and in the direction of rotation of the disk, while the upper inclined sides have cutting edges, and the rotor shaft has an axial cavity to accommodate the mechanism of vertical movement of the prisms, and the discharge neck of the chamber is equipped with a height-adjustable shutter.

 In FIG. 1 schematically shows a feed chopper — longitudinal section; in FIG. 2 - section aa (bb) of FIG. one; in FIG. 3 - installation diagram of the working body of the disk when grinding root crops.

 The feed chopper includes a vertical cylindrical chamber 1 with cutting elements 2 on its inner surface. A shaft 3 is mounted coaxially with it inside the chamber, equipped with radially mounted knives 4, which are mounted on the belt and interacting with the cutting elements 2. On the rotor shaft 3, a disk 5 with diametrically located grooves 6, in which triangular rectangular prisms 7 are located, is installed in the area of the discharge neck having the possibility of vertical movement due to the screw 8 located in the center of the shaft 3. At the extreme lower position of the trihedral rectangular prisms between them and the disk 5, windows 9 are formed. The upper edges of the grooves of the disk 5, facing the inclined surface of the prism, made with cutting surfaces 10. The discharge neck 11 of the chamber 1 has a height-adjustable shutter 12. The chamber 1 is mounted on the base 13, and the rotor shaft 3 is rotatable from the electric motor 14 through a V-belt drive 15.

 The chopper works as follows. When grinding coarse fodder with the help of a screw 8, the trihedral rectangular prisms 7 are lifted to the highest position, and the shutter 12 is lowered to the lowermost position.

 The feed is loaded into a cylindrical chamber 1. When the rotor shaft 3 rotates, the mass moves from top to bottom, enters the zone of interaction of the knives 4 with the cutting elements 2, is crushed, under the influence of its own weight and air flow created by the working body, enters the disk 5 and the upper radial protrusions triangular rectangular prisms 7 are ejected through the discharge neck 11 to the outside.

 When grinding root crops with a screw 8, they lower the trihedral rectangular prisms 7 to the lowermost position, and the shutter 12 is lifted to the highest upper position. Root tubers are loaded into the chamber 1. When the rotor shaft 3 rotates, the root tubers moving in a descending path under the influence of their own weight fall under the influence of knives 4 and cutting elements 2, are partially crushed and lowered to the surface of the rotating disk 5, where they are finally crushed using cutting surfaces 10 passing through the windows 9 and fall under the disk 5 and with the help of the lower protrusions of the trihedral rectangular prisms 7 are thrown out through the neck 11.

 In contrast to the prototype, the proposed shredder qualitatively shreds various types of root crops without regrinding and allocation of juice and clogging of the working body, as well as coarse feed with minimal rearrangement of the working bodies and without disassembling the grinder.

Claims (2)

 1. A feed shredder comprising a cylindrical chamber with cutting elements on its inner surface, a rotary working element mounted coaxially with the rotor working body with knives fixed on its surface, and a disk mounted on the rotor shaft in the lower part of the chamber in the area of the discharge neck, characterized in that the disk is made with diametrically located radial grooves for placement of triangular rectangular prisms in them, rigidly interconnected with the possibility of joint vertical movement, installed right angles down and in the direction of rotation of the disk, while the upper inclined sides of the grooves of the disk have cutting edges, and the rotor shaft is made with an axial cavity to accommodate the mechanism of vertical movement of prisms.  2. The chopper according to claim 1, characterized in that the discharge neck is equipped with a height-adjustable damper.

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