RU2120418C1 - Method of sewage treatment - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: hydrobiology. SUBSTANCE: sewage are passed through coastal plants in association with floating aqueous plants in ponds system under condition of continuous system inoculation with algoid polyinoculum. The latter has the following components: 50-70% biomass of Chlorella vulgarios, Chlorella pyrenoidosa, Scenedesmus quadricaudata and 30-50% biomass of Ankistrodesmus, Chlamidomonas, Phacus, Nitzschia, Navicula. Polyinoculum is added twice along a flow, not less. Method provides high degree of sewage miner water salting out for all year and can be used in sanitary technics for treatment of natural waters and sewage from oil pollutions and salts. EFFECT: enhanced effectiveness of method. 4 cl, 3 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of sanitary engineering, in particular hydrobiology, and can be used to purify natural and waste waters from oil pollution and salts.

 A known method of wastewater treatment of sulphate-cellulose production by passing them through reeds, cattail narrow-leaved and common reed (ed. St. USSR N 789423, class C 02 F 3/32, BI N 47, 1980).

 The disadvantages of this method is the limited use of it only for the removal of contaminants from sulphate-cellulose production, the method is not intended for the purification of natural and waste waters from a complex of mineral salts, oil, oil products.

 The conditions for breeding and planting plants in ponds and ponds have not been developed either.

 A known method of wastewater treatment in biological ponds (ed. St. USSR N 918277, class C 02 F 3/32, BI N 13, 1982). The essence of the method is that waste water is passed through coastal-aquatic plants and associations of floating plants in the pond system.

 The disadvantages of the prototype method is the insufficiently effective wastewater treatment from mineral salts, as well as the inability to year-round wastewater treatment in the pond system.

 The objective of the invention is to develop a technology that provides a sufficiently high degree of desalination of sewage mine water all year round.

 The problem is solved using the characteristics specified in paragraph 1 of the claims common to the prototype, such as a method for wastewater treatment by passing them through coastal-aquatic plants and associations of floating aquatic plants in the pond system, and distinctive, essential features, such as a method , in which the cleaning is carried out with constant inoculation of the system with an algological polyinoculum.

 According to paragraph 2 of the claims, the algological polyinoculum contains: 50 to 70% of the biomass of Chlorella vulgaris, Chlorella pyrenoidosa, Scenedesmus quadricauda and 30 to 50% of the biomass of Ankistrodesmus, Chlamidomonas, Phacus, Nitzschia, Navicula.

 In accordance with paragraph 3 of the claims, the polyinoculum is introduced upstream at least 2 times.

 Using this polyinoculum, the liquid is most effectively cleaned of mineral salts, oil products (5 times), suspended solids (from 20.35 to trace amounts not determined by the analysis method used).

 In parallel, there is a decrease in the content of calcium ions - by 4.2 times and magnesium - by 2.2 times. Total mineralization is reduced by 3 times. As a result of the isolation of the metabolites and metabolic products of algae into the culture medium, there is a slight increase in the pH of the medium (from 6.5 to 8.0).

 In the event that 1 part of the polyinoculum is taken less than 50% of the biomass, this will lead to inefficient absorption of chlorides and sulfides from wastewater.

 In that case, if 1 part of the polyinoculum is taken over 70% of the biomass, this will reduce the removal of iron and manganese salts from the effluent, while the growth of blue-green algae is ineffectively blocked.

 In that case, if the 2nd part of the polyinoculum is taken less than 30% of the biomass, the growth of blue-green algae is ineffectively blocked.

 In the event that the 2nd part of the polyinoculum is taken over 50% of the biomass, this will lead to inefficient absorption of chlorides and sulfates from wastewater.

 Desalination and wastewater treatment is carried out by a full range of aquatic organisms, including the association of aquatic organisms.

 The proposed method is feasible using a complex of structures for the biological reduction of salt content in mine drains, which is a system of hydraulic structures? including (see FIGS. 1–3): inoculation units equipped with aeration systems (falling stream) N 1 in FIG. 1, N 2, 3 in FIG. 2; primary storage pond 4 in FIG. one; cascade of shallow ponds 5 in FIG. 2; a storage pond of purified water for fish farming and irrigation of farmland 6 (Fig. 3). Ponds have spillways 7, flood 8 and drain 9 channels.

 The method is illustrated by the following examples.

 Example 1. The cleaning ability of the algological polyinoculum.

 The cleaning ability of the algological polyinoculum was determined in static conditions at room temperature and in natural sunlight without additional aeration and the addition of organic additives. The purpose of the experiment was to determine the degree to which the culture extracted oil products, suspended solids, hardness salts, and other salts from the wastewater. The algological polyinoculum was mixed with 1: 3 wastewater previously analyzed for the content of the above contaminants and the mixture was kept in a glass container for 48 hours without stirring. The results of the experiment are given in table. one.

 Example 2. Wastewater mine water, previously purified from suspended particles (to a residual concentration of not more than 5 mg / l), contaminated with oil and salts, is purified by passing through inoculation unit No. 1 containing an algological polyinoculum of the composition: 70% biomass Chlorella vulgaris, Chlorella pyrenoidosa, Scenedesmus quadricauda and 30% biomass of Ankistrodesmus, Chlamidomonas, Phacus, Nitzschia, Navicula. This provides a high rate of absorption of petroleum products, chlorides and sulfates.

 Further, mine water enters the primary storage pond with a capacity of at least 10 daily volumes of mine water discharge, planted with macrophytes with a developed root system, floating aquatic plants, filamentous algae and other lower aquatic plants acting as a natural biological filter. After the growth of aquatic vegetation, the storage pond is inoculated with bacteria and unicellular algae that destroy the oil film.

 Through weirs from the storage pond, water is supplied to the cascade of shallow ponds, at the inlet and outlet of which inoculation blocks N 2 and 3 are installed, filled with lower algae immobilized at a porous load, actively absorbing calcium and magnesium salts.

The cascade of shallow ponds is filled with the most diverse community of aquatic organisms. The following aquatic plants are used:
Lake reeds - 600 ind./m ³
Narrow-leaved cattail - 50 ind./m ³
Common reed - 160 ind./m ³
Susak umbrella - 150 ind / m ³
Sedge bubble - 250 ind / m ³
Brilliant rdest - 20 ind./m ³
Canadian Elodea - 2.0 kg / m ³
Small duckweed - 0.5 kg / m ³
Whirlwind urut - 1.5 kg / m ³
At this site, the main cleaning of salts and organic contaminants occurs. In the inoculation unit No. 3, the final extraction of iron salts occurs and the excess of blue-green algae is retained.

 From block No. 3, over water weirs enter the treated pond, the capacity of which is not less than 15 daily volume of mine water discharge. It is used as a hydrobotanical platform for the final treatment of runoff.

 Example 3. Conditions for the cleaning process as in example 2.

 An algological polyinoculum of the composition is used: 50% of the biomass of Chlorella vulgaris, Chlorella pyrenoidosa, Scenedesmus quadricauda and 50% of the biomass of Ankistrodesmus, Chlamidomonas, Phacus, Nitzschia, Navicula. This ensures the effective removal of salts of iron and manganese. The composition is a competitor to the growth of blue-green and prevents their excessive development.

The following aquatic plants are used:
Lake reeds - 650 ex / m ³
Narrow-leaved cattail - 60 ex / m ³
Common reed - 180 ind./m ³
Susak umbrella - 175 ind / m ³
Sedge bubble - 275 ind / m ³
Brilliant rdest - 35 ind./m ³
Canadian Elodea - 2.25 kg / m ³
Small duckweed - 0.6 kg / m ³
Whirlwind urut - 1.75 kg / m ³
Example 4. The conditions of the cleaning process as in example 2.

 An algological polyinoculum of the composition is used: 60% of the biomass of Chlorella vulgaris, Chlorella pyrenoidosa, Scenedesmus quadricauda and 40% of the biomass of Ankistrodesmus, Chlamidomonas, Phacus, Nitzschia, Navicula. This provides an effective removal of salts, calcium and magnesium.

The following aquatic plants are used:
Lake reeds - 750 ind./m ³
Narrow-leaved cattail - 70 ind./m ³
Common reed - 200 ind./m ³
Susak umbrella - 200 ind / m ³
Sedge bubbly - 300 ind / m ³
Brilliant rdest - 50 ind./m ³
Canadian Elodea - 2.5 kg / m ³
Small duckweed - 0.7 kg / m ³
Whirlwind urut - 2.0 kg / m ³
The change in the chemical composition of mine water after biological treatment is given in table. 2.

 The biomass of algae and macrophytes accumulated by the end of the growing season with virtually no additional processing can be used as a natural biologically active product. Two ways of its application are possible: as a feed additive or fertilizer for crops, and also as a raw material for protein extraction and extraction of rare and valuable substances accumulated in plant cells.

Claims (3)

 1. A method of treating wastewater by passing the latter through coastal plants and the association of floating aquatic plants in a pond system, characterized in that the treatment is carried out with continuous inoculation of the system with an algological polyinoculum.  2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the algological polyinoculum contains 50-70% of the biomass of Chlorella vulgaris, Chlorella pyrenoidosa, Scenedesmus quadricanda and 30-50% of the biomass of Ankistrodesmus, Chlamidomonas, Phacus, Nitzschia, Navicula.  3. The method according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the algological polyinoculum is injected along the stream at least 2 times.

Images