RU2120088C1 - Heating boiler - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heating houses, garages, hangers and industrial buildings. SUBSTANCE: front and rear walls of furnace are inclined relative to each other and are provided with supply and exhaust ports located one above other. Ports are also inclined. Ports are used to connect cavity of furnace with surrounding medium through air duct on front side and with smoke flue on rear side. Smoke and gas afterburning chamber is provided between air duct and smoke flue. Upper roof of afterburning chamber is located above upper edge of ports. Air duct is mounted on the outside of front wall of furnace and is provided with opening damper in its lower portion to reduce losses of heat and enhanced completeness of combustion. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency. 7 cl, 3 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of heating, specifically to heaters for liquids for central heating and is designed to use solid fuel.

 Of the analogues of the invention known to the applicant, the closest prototype to the invention in terms of essential features is the Uyut heat generator manufactured by the Kaliningrad Stroydormash JSC (I), the operating manual of which is attached. The known heat generator comprises a boiler, in which a furnace with a grate and ash pan is placed, a loading and kindling door, a chimney, a regulating flap (gate), and thermal insulation. The heat generator is equipped with a boiler combined with the boiler body and a pipe connected to it with pipes for supplying and discharging the coolant.

 The prototype device has a number of significant drawbacks known to the applicant that impede the achievement of the required technical result: despite the presence of thermal insulation, the boiler body is heated to significant temperatures, which entails large heat losses and a decrease in boiler efficiency; the boiler is ignited by a large amount of firewood - 5 kg or more; Coal is loaded into the furnace through a door located on the front wall of the boiler. This design of the boiler requires loading coal in small portions at short intervals, which leads to significant heat loss and the need for a constant presence of the operator near the heat generator; the fuel in the boiler does not burn completely, so part of it in the form of smoke is released into the atmosphere, which worsens the environmental situation; The experience of using the boiler showed that fine fuel (for example, coal dust) is unsuitable for its normal operation, because traction is broken and combustion stops.

 The aim of the invention is to increase the efficiency and efficiency of the boiler, as well as the elimination of other disadvantages.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that in the heating boiler, which includes a housing with thermal insulation, a boiler is combined with the housing with heat supply and exhaust pipes, a regulating flap, a firebox with a grate, a loading and a kindling door, an ash pan and a chimney, on the front and rear walls of the furnace respectively, the supply and exhaust windows located one below the other along the entire height of the walls at an acute angle to the horizontal, and the supply windows communicate with the air box located above the front the wall of the furnace and made tapering upwards, and the exhaust windows communicate with the afterburner, located between the rear wall of the furnace and the chimney. In this case, the upper arch of the afterburning chamber is located above the upper edge of the upper exhaust window, and the boiler is made in the form of a water jacket located between the double walls of the boiler body and furnace. The grate is installed with the possibility of reciprocating movement.

 The cross-sectional area of the outlet section of the air box is equal to the cross-sectional area of the upper supply window, and the total cross-sectional area of the exhaust windows is larger than the total cross-sectional area of the supply windows. The furnace of the boiler is made tapering upward, and the loading door is located in the upper part of the furnace. The chimney communicates with the furnace in its lower part.

The proposed drawings disclose the essence of the proposed device, where in FIG. 1 shows a General view of a heating boiler in a section; in FIG. 2 - boiler furnace (section 1-1); in FIG. 3 - transverse section of the boiler (section 2-2);
The heating boiler consists of a housing 1, a furnace 2, a afterburner 3, a water jacket (boiler) 4, a loading hopper 5, a grate 6, a volumetric pallet 7. On the front side of the furnace 2, a kindling door 8 and an air box 9 with a shutter 10 are installed. The coolant is supplied from the heating system through the pipe 11 (Fig. 2) in the lower part of the water jacket 4, the coolant is supplied to the heating system through the pipe 12 in the upper part of the water jacket 4. The housing 1 is protected by thermal insulation 13 and the casing 14. A shutter is located in the chimney 15 for p throttling of the thrust value 16. The supply air windows 17 and exhaust windows 18 are made in the furnace. The loading hopper 5 is equipped with a loading door 19, and the grate 6 is equipped with a handle 20.

 The heating boiler operates as follows. After filling the entire heating system with coolant (water, antifreeze, oil), a portion of firewood for kindling (not more than 1 kg.) Is put into the furnace 2 of the heating boiler through the kindling door 8. A portion of coal is poured into the furnace 2 using a bucket 5 (daily, semidiurnal or other, depending on need). The loading hopper 5 is closed. Through the kindling door 8, firewood is ignited. The kindling door 8 closes. Further, the boiler operates with little or no control from the human side, with the exception of two points, namely: adjusting the air flow through the shutter 10, air box 9; draft adjustment using the damper 16 located in the chimney 15.

 Burning firewood ignites the lower layer of coal in the furnace. Coal flares up. The air flow at the initial stage of the boiler goes through the hole in the grate 6 and the slots in the kindling door 8, the thrust is directed through the lower exhaust window 18.

 As coal burns, air flow and draft moves from the lower supply 17 and exhaust windows 18 to the upper. The fire rises. As the coal burns out, it moves from top to bottom under the influence of gravity. The air flow and draft are directed through those supply and exhaust windows that are in the combustion zone.

 Soot, smoke and other non-combustible gases move under the action of a thrust force to the chimney 15, while they fall into the afterburner 3, where they are completely burned.

 After the complete combustion of coal, the slag formed in the furnace 2 is unloaded into the bulk pan 7 under its own weight after the grate 6 is pulled out of the housing 1.

 The boiler is ready to unload a new portion of fuel. Slag is disposed of in the dump.

 The technical, economic and operational advantages of the boiler over other well-known ones are as follows: the use of the horizontal draft principle in combination with the afterburner ensures the complete combustion of fuel, both coal in the furnace, and soot, smoke and other non-combustible components in the afterburner; due to the fact that the water jacket is made directly in the boiler body and furnace, additional thermal insulation is created, which contributes to a significant reduction in heat losses and an increase in boiler efficiency; much less firewood is required to kindle the boiler; The boiler is loaded in one go, first with a portion of firewood for kindling (through the kindling door), then with a daily portion of coal (through the loading hopper). This eliminates heat loss, reduces the time spent on maintenance of a working boiler; fuel combustion in the furnace occurs gradually due to the use of successively supply and exhaust windows from lower to upper; the boiler is loaded with a new portion of fuel after the slag is unloaded into the bulk pan. Unloading is achieved after the grate is pushed out of the housing along the guides. The capacity of the pallet allows you to take two daily volume of slag; due to complete combustion of fuel, the boiler efficiency is significantly increased, environmental characteristics are improved; when using coal of fine fractions (including coal dust), the performance of the boiler does not deteriorate; the boiler can be made in dimensions corresponding to a given power, i.e. for a specific volume of heated rooms; The boiler has a lower mass.

References:
1. Heat generator "UYUT" Operation manual. Kaliningrad Stroydormash JSC. Kaliningrad, 1992

Claims (7)

 1. A heating boiler comprising a housing with heat insulation, a boiler combined with a housing with heat supply and exhaust pipes, a control valve, a firebox with a grate, a loading and a kindling door, an ash pan and a chimney, characterized in that the front and rear walls of the furnace are made, respectively supply and exhaust windows located one above the other along the entire height of the walls at an acute angle to the horizontal, and the supply windows communicate with an air duct located above the front wall of the furnace and tapering upward, and the exhaust windows communicate with the afterburner located between the rear wall of the furnace and the chimney, while the upper arch of the afterburner is located above the upper edge of the upper exhaust window, and the boiler is made in the form of a water jacket placed between the double walls of the boiler body and furnace .  2. The boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the grate is installed with the possibility of reciprocating movement.  3. The boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the cross-sectional area of the outlet section of the air box is equal to the cross-sectional area of the upper supply window.  4. The boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the total cross-sectional area of the exhaust windows is larger than the total cross-sectional area of the supply windows.  5. The boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the furnace is made tapering upward.  6. The boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the loading door is located in the upper part of the furnace.  7. The boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the chimney communicates with the furnace in its lower part.

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