RU2119191C1 - Method for teaching orthography and reading by means of games proposed by tutor or by computer - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: teaching children of preschool and school age orthography and reading in various languages. SUBSTANCE: words and sentences are formed by integer image assigned sequence of symbols which display one or more alphabet letters on several plates. The latter are made identical by cutting duplicates bearing integer image. Semantic parts of integer include syllables. Symbols display, in addition, part of any object or living being. Symbols also bear information about phonetic content of character including syllables, language phoneme, capital letters for writing proper names, as well as about number, gender, spelling, for example, of particle. In recalling integer image from mentioned parts, pupils look through acquired integer duplicates of texts and images, read, and listen to them many times for identifying and memorizing them. In teaching foreign language having phonetic transcription, the latter is given in semantic parts of integer. Integer images and their separate parts can be displayed by computer program on monitor screen. EFFECT: improved efficiency in teaching fluent reading, spelling, and fundamentals of grammar within short period. 3 cl, 3 dwg

Description

 The present invention relates to teaching aids and can be used in teaching spelling and reading texts in Russian and other languages of children of preschool and school age, and can also be used by persons of any age who study a foreign language on their own or with the help of a teacher.

 At present, a method of teaching reading is known, which is a process in which a student must learn to add syllables (syllables) from letters and words from syllables (Tikhomirov D., Tikhomirova E. Primer).

 There is also a method of demonstrating the morphology of a language in the initial stage of literacy, which consists in forming words and phrases with a sequence of characters corresponding to letters, punctuation marks and numbers (RF patent 2047219, class G 09 B 17/04, 1996).

 The main disadvantage of the known methods of teaching spelling and reading is low efficiency, and the learning process is very long. The duration of the learning process is due to the difficulty of perception by the student by folding letters into syllables, syllables into words, words into phrases. The most lengthy is the process of teaching a child at the stage "from letters to syllables." To increase the effectiveness of training by this method, it is necessary to make the learning process almost continuous, which will increase the physical and moral burden on the child and can lead to a negative result, especially in children from 3 to 6 years old. A student of this age may refuse for a long time the desire to learn to read.

 A textbook or a game is also known, designed to develop spelling and / or reading skills among students, containing several plates, each of which carries an image of one or more letters of the alphabet and part of the image of an object or living creature. By collecting an integral image from the plates during the game, the student identifies the assembled image and the word denoting it (see UK patent N 2178215, CL G 09 B 1/36, 1987).

 The disadvantages of this method are also low efficiency due to the mechanical memorization of students of words and images. Students in this way are not invited to independently highlight syllables in words, letters in words. Words are divided into letters and groups of letters arbitrarily, that is, the restoration of the whole image occurs according to a mechanical principle. The disadvantages of this method include the fact that the student during this game receives a limited amount of information.

 The closest analogue of the claimed invention is a method of teaching languages, which consists in using a set of plates with whole images that contain images previously divided into semantic parts of the whole - words, sentences, and in the subsequent formation of the learner's words and sentences according to a given whole sequence of characters representing multiple plates one or more letters of the alphabet (see US patent N 2722061, CL G 09 B 17/00, 1955).

 The technical result of the invention is to increase the efficiency of teaching fluent reading, spelling skills and the basics of writing in a short period of time.

 The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known method of teaching spelling and reading in the languages of preschool and school age children, which consists in using a set of plates with whole images that contain images previously divided into semantic parts of the whole - words, sentences, and in the subsequent formation of the student words and sentences in a whole set of sequence of characters depicting on one or more plates one or more letters of the alphabet, according to the invention, a layer Incas perform identical forms by cutting duplicates with whole images, while in the semantic parts of the whole they additionally include syllables, the symbols additionally represent part of an object or living creature and carry information about the phonetic content of the sign, including syllables, phonemes of the language, uppercase letters spelling proper names, including, kind, spelling rules, for example, particles “not”, and when restoring an entire image from these parts, students repeatedly look at, read, listen to the collected Complete whole duplicates of texts and images for recognition and memorization. In the case of studying a language having phonetic transcription, the semantic parts of the whole are supplied with it. Entire images and divided parts of the whole can be displayed on a computer monitor by a computer program.

 The invention is illustrated by drawings, where in FIG. 1 shows an example of dividing words into syllables; FIG. 2 - an example of dividing sentences into words; FIG. 3 is an example of dividing sentences written in English into words that are transcribed.

 The essence of the method of teaching spelling and reading in the languages of preschool and school age children is based on breaking the whole (concepts, words, sentences) into parts (letters, syllables, words) with the subsequent restoration of the whole during the game, for which they use a set of plates on which it is given the whole image of syllables, words, sentences, divided, but not cut, according to the substantive principle into phonemes (individual letters or groups of letters) and syllables, which in the case of a foreign language are equipped with transcription. Duplicates of these plates are cut in accordance with the division of words into letters and syllables, sentences - into words and punctuation marks. Students are given cut plates in the required quantity. The leader presents and pronounces letters, syllables, words, sentences and punctuation marks (Fig. 1, Fig. 2). The players (students) search for the named letters, syllables, words and punctuation marks on their plates and, if there are such letters, syllables, words, punctuation marks, they combine in the necessary sequence with the image proposed by the presenter. The sequence of alignment is determined by the whole image. At the same time, the student is forced to repeatedly view the text content of the plates lying in front of his eyes. In the process of the game, the students are simultaneously involved in auditory, visual and motor analyzers of the brain. It is proposed to divide the whole into parts not arbitrarily, but according to a meaningful principle. When teaching reading in a foreign language, the word is divided into letters and syllables, which during the game are accompanied by their pronunciation and transcription (Fig. 3). In the proposed method of teaching languages, before the eyes of the players, there is always an integral image of a word, a sentence, which makes it possible to read the sample many times in the process of searching for a place and combining the presented parts of the image, and therefore it is better to assimilate it. The proposed method involves the participation in the game host, but this is not a prerequisite, in addition, the role of the host can be performed by one of the players. If the game takes place on a computer, then the computer program performs the role of the host. The presence of the host or its software replacement introduces the possibility of explaining the incomprehensible, monitoring and checking the effectiveness of self-control of students into the way of teaching literacy and reading, that is, there is feedback. Entire images (syllables, words, sentences) are initially introduced into the game, which helps to eliminate the limitations of the amount of information to be assimilated. When teaching grammar and spelling for a game, sentences are made that reflect the rules for spelling words and punctuation and exceptions to the rules. Proposals are printed on plates with special marks in the form of colored stripes dividing them into specific sections. For example, plates reflecting the rules for writing particles of "that", "either", "some" or the rules for merging and separately writing particles of "neither" and "neither". In one game session, the optimal amount of information to be absorbed should be used. To teach the basics of grammar, the plates are marked with capital letters for spelling proper names, information about the number and gender, about the phonetic content of the mark. Another set of the same plates is cut into pieces according to the meaningful principle. If the particle “not” is written separately, it is presented separately during the game, if together, then the whole word is presented accordingly. In the case of playing on a computer, the phrase is constantly displayed on the screen and parts of it are presented alternately. Thanks to this method of learning, the student must read many times and, therefore, it is better to remember the text that is constantly in front of his eyes in order to determine whether the word is presented in it.

 Example. Through the proposed method, a group of children of 5 people aged 4 years was taught reading, previously acquainted with the letters of the Russian alphabet. After 2 lessons, children began to read freely.

 Another example of the implementation of the method. A group of 5-year-old children of 5-6 years old, previously familiarized with Latin letters, was taught to read in English. After 4 lessons, the children began to read. The same result was observed when teaching children 5-6 years old to read in English.

 To implement the method, material carriers (paper, cardboard, plastic) of identical shape were used, on which characters corresponding to letters, syllables, words of sentences and punctuation marks are made.

 Another embodiment of the method is the use of a computer. In the computer implementation of the method, the role of the facilitator is simulated by a program that displays an image of words divided into letters and syllables when learning to read, or entire sentences when learning to read, and then alternately presents parts of the image. The task of the players is to combine letters, syllables and words with those that are in a holistic way.

 When using this method does not require a large investment of time for training, there is no need to attend special schools (referring to children's preschool gymnasiums). Thus, any preschooler can learn to read at home with the help of adults (parents). The proposed method of teaching reading is cost-effective, as it allows parents not to resort to the services of expensive teachers, but to teach the child to read at home. In the presence of a computer class, the proposed method of teaching reading and reading and writing can be used in the practice of school teaching.

Claims (3)

 1. A method of teaching spelling and reading in the languages of preschool and school age children, which consists in using a set of plates with whole images that contain images previously divided into the semantic parts of the whole - words, sentences, and in the subsequent formation by the student of words and sentences for a given whole image of a sequence of characters depicting one or more letters of the alphabet on several plates, characterized in that the plates perform identical shapes by cutting duplicates with integers o brazas, while syllables are included in the semantic parts of the whole, the symbols additionally depict part of an object or living creature and carry information about the phonetic content of the mark, including syllables, phonemes of the language, capital letters for spelling proper names, number, gender, rules spelling, for example, “not” particles, and when restoring an entire image from these parts, students repeatedly look at, read, listen to collected whole duplicates of texts and images for recognition and memorization.  2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the case of learning a language having a phonetic transcription, the semantic parts of the whole are supplied with it.  3. The method according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the whole image and the divided parts of the whole are displayed by a computer program on a computer monitor screen.

Images