RU2116462C1 - Rotary-blade machine with conical rotor - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering; compressors and engines. SUBSTANCE: rotary-blade machine with conical rotor has stator with inner surface in form of sphere divided by inclined diametric plane with cone vertex coinciding with center of sphere and blades rocking around center coinciding with vertex of cone. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency of machine. 6 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to mechanical engineering, in particular to compressor engineering and engine building.

 The main thing that characterizes the variety of designs of rotary machines is the way to obtain a changing working volume during rotation of the main rotor shaft. Apply coaxial systems with inclined surfaces, for example, at the rotor [1]. In such a system, a pressure plate limiting the changing volumes slides along an inclined surface, clinging to it. In this case, it is difficult to constructively solve the issue of compaction between the inclined surface and the plate, between the plate and the cylindrical surface of the stator. Indeed, when the rotor rotates, the angles between the surfaces change, but this is not said. The simple design of a cylindrical rotor with blades, which rotates in the inner cylinder, but with an eccentricity between the axes, is also widely known. These systems are widely used for air motors [2]. A system with a cylinder-in-cylinder eccentricity has a serious drawback - the inability to obtain a sufficient compression ratio. This is due to the fact that with a large eccentricity and a sufficient degree of compression for the blades there is no place in the rotor.

 Also known is a rotary vane machine with a conical rotor, containing a stator with an inner surface in the form of a sphere, dissected by an inclined plane to change the volume, and a rotor with blades making swinging movements during its rotation, sliding along the sphere with the possibility of recessing in the rotor body and compressing the inter-blade volume [3].

 The disadvantage of this machine is the lack of efficiency.

 The objective of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the machine.

 The problem is solved in that the inclined plane is made diametrical, the top of the cone of the rotor coincides with the center of the sphere, and the blades make oscillating movements around the center, which coincides with the top of the cone.

 In FIG. 1 schematically shows a General view of a rotary vane machine with a conical rotor; in FIG. 2 is a view along arrow A in FIG. 1; in FIG. 3 - section BB in figure 1; figure 4 is a section bb in figure 1; in FIG. 5 schematically shows a general view of an internal combustion engine based on the invention; in FIG. 6 is a view along arrow A in FIG. 5.

 In the housing 1, on the bearings 2 of the swing mounted rotor 3, with a cone in the upper part, in the grooves of which the blades are inserted. The housing is closed from above by a cover 4, which plays the role of an inclined plane, which is bolted to the housing. The top of the cone abuts against the sliding bearing 5, made in the form of a ball. Between the blades there are springs 6, pressing them to an inclined plane. In FIG. 1 and 4, the turning inserts 7, which are inserted into the body of the blades, are visible. The body of the blades consists of an external 8 and an internal 9 parts between which springs 10 are inserted, pushing both halves apart. Thus, each blade consists of four parts - two inserts and two parts of the blade with a spring. In FIG. 2, four blades are visible. The blades 11 and 12 occupy the sector of the largest volume, the blades 13 and 14 - the sector of the smallest inter-blade volume. A sealing ring 15 is inserted into the rotor cone, which is pressed against the housing by springs.

 The proposed rotary machine can be used as a compressor, internal combustion engine, air motor, etc.

 Consider the work of the proposed rotary machine as a compressor (figures 1 and 2).

The suction nozzle is attached to the cover with a hole, which is located in the place of the largest volume of the inter-blade space. When the shaft rotates, the blades extend into their grooves, swinging around the center of the spherical bearing 5, the volume between the blades decreases and reaches a minimum in the corresponding sector. Denote the largest volume between the blades 11 and 12 - V ₀ , the smallest volume between the blades 13 and 14 - V ₁ . The ratio a = V ₀ / V ₁ is the compression ratio. The value of a depends on the angle of inclination β of the inclined plane to the base of the cone of the rotor. The maximum value a for the proposed machine a = 12-14, while the inclined plane almost touches the generatrix of the cone. If necessary, reduce a decreases β. The high-pressure pipe is also attached to the cover with an opening in the sector of the smallest volume. The machine rotates with the help of any engine, the role of the valves cutting off the compressible volumes of air is played by the blades themselves, but various kinds of valves can be used. For example, with the base diameter of the cone D _to 200 mm and the height of the cone H _to 70 mm, about 10 ^-3 m ^{3 of} gas is compressed per revolution. With a rotor speed of 15 s ^-1 (900 rpm), the compressor capacity will be about 0.7 m ³ / min.

 Consider the operation of the sealing system. The sealing of the chamber in which the gas is compressed is ensured by sliding surfaces: the end face of the blade is the spherical surface of the stator, the blade is an inclined plane, the blade is a groove of a cone, the blade is a ball bearing at the top of the cone. To slip on a spherical surface, the end face of the outer part of the blade has a spherical surface, the end face of the insert also slides along the sphere and is likewise processed. When sliding along the plane of the insert fit flat shelf, turning in a cylindrical recess in the body of the blade (figure 4). Accordingly, for sliding along a spherical bearing, the ends of the inner parts of the blades are machined by its diameter. Compensation of the thermal expansion of the nodes is ensured by the gaps in the blades and inserts - they are made compound (Fig. 3), the cone expands freely when heated, and the cone seal is provided by a ring preloaded by the springs (Fig. 1). The lower parts of the blades do not abut anywhere thanks to the claimed principle - the blades move through the medium, drowning in a conical rotor. The stator and the inclined plane can be cooled by blowing air or using a closed water circuit, that is, using known methods. Friction surfaces can be lubricated using a pump that supplies oil, for example, from the bottom of the housing to a spherical bearing through a cover.

 The proposed rotary machine can operate as a DBC (see FIGS. 5 and 6).

 In the sector of greatest volume in the inclined plane 16, which plays the role of a cover, two windows are provided - a window 17 from which combustion products exit, and a window 18 through which air is blown. For air purging, a special fan 20 is mounted on the shaft 19, which is connected by a pipe 21 to the cover window 18.

 In the sector of the smallest amount of inter-blade space, nozzles 22 for supplying fuel and a candle 23 (when using gasoline or gas) are screwed into the cover. To overlap the nozzle and candle openings, the rotating inserts of the 24 blades are made with widenings.

 The operation of the proposed engine is as follows.

When the shaft rotates, each inter-blade volume undergoes the following phases:
air purging and removal of combustion products in the sector of maximum volume 25;
air compression to the minimum volume sector 26;
working stroke, up to the sector of the largest volume.

 Consider each phase separately.

 Air purging and removal of combustion products.

 The first blade (countdown counterclockwise) passes through the window 17, from which the combustion products exit under the influence of excessive pressure and due to centrifugal forces due to the rotation of the shaft with the blades. Next, the blade passes through the window 18, into which air is supplied from the fan 20, which cleans the inter-blade volume from combustion products.

 Air compression

 Air compression occurs during forced drowning of the blades into the body of the cone to the sector of maximum volume. Fuel is injected in advance during compression, then the air-gas mixture passes at a certain speed through the grooves in the body of the cone (the gap between the inclined plane and the generatrix of the cone), and this speed should be higher than the burning rate, which is initiated by the spark plug.

 Working move.

 Ignition should be carried out after the area of the extended first blade is larger than the extended area of the second blade, i.e. there will be a torque counterclockwise. This difference in area will increase as the stroke progresses, right up to the transition to the air purge sector.

 The ignition system described above allows the use of large compression ratios without detonation.

 If you need more power, several rotary machines (as DBC) can be combined in parallel.

 Due to the simple shapes of the parts of the proposed rotary machine, ceramics and sprayed ceramic coatings can be widely used in the construction. The absence of significant unbalanced masses allows you to create a DBC with maximum dynamism and high efficiency.

 On models of aluminum alloys, the operability of the proposed rotary machine was confirmed.

Claims (1)

 A rotary vane machine with a conical rotor, containing a stator with an inner surface in the form of a sphere, dissected by an inclined plane to change the volume, and a rotor with blades that make swinging movements during its rotation, sliding along the sphere with the possibility of recessing in the rotor body and compressing the inter-blade volume, different the fact that the inclined plane is diametrical, the top of the cone coincides with the center of the sphere, and the blades make oscillating movements around the center coinciding with the top of the cone.

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