RU2115311C1 - Aqueous organism keeping and rearing apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: aquiculture, in particular, equipment used in natural and artificial ponds. SUBSTANCE: apparatus has closed circuit completely covered at water side with heat-insulating construction made in the form of double-walled light-transmitting film filled with hollow cylinders. Collector mounted within water circuit has aerated water supply nozzles and water discharge intake filters. When cold water is supplied, valve is positioned in upper part and filter is positioned in lower part. When warm water is supplied, filter is positioned in upper part and collector is positioned in lower part. Such construction allows air aerated water flow to be created in water volume. Upon bubbling, air escapes to zone above water surface and is discharged through float-type valve in covering center to initiate warm air flows, which prevent ambient air from penetrating inside apparatus. Central float-type valve is adapted for creating air head within apparatus volume allowing sweating on inner side of light-transmitting wall of above-water part of construction to be eliminated, and for supporting umbrella-shaped construction of top part of apparatus. Efficient relative position of supplying and discharge devices and directed air-water flow provide circulation of flows within working volume of apparatus resulting in defining quiet stable water zones with high oxygen content. EFFECT: increased aqueous organism yield per unit of water volume by creating in limited water volume of biosphere with predetermined parameters different from that of ambient water medium. 3 cl, 4 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to aquaculture, in particular to devices for keeping and breeding aquatic organisms in natural and artificial reservoirs.

 A device for the maintenance of aquatic organisms, made according to the type of cage and greenhouse systems [1]. The device consists of dome-shaped elements made of flexible transparent material capable of acquiring a given dome-shaped shape under the influence of injected air. The disadvantage of this device is the inability to artificially regulate and maintain the temperature in a biologically active medium of the working circuit, the device does not have a thermally insulated layer on the water side.

 Of the known devices, the closest is the device [2], containing a closed loop of a transparent film coating. The disadvantages of the device are the inability to create a biologically active controlled environment, the lack of supply of aerated chilled or heated water, the inability to control water and air flows over the water surface, the difficulty of entering the device into the circuit.

 The aim of the invention is to increase the survival of aquatic organisms by creating in a limited volume of the reservoir, an optimal biosphere with specified parameters, different from the surrounding aquatic environment.

 This is achieved by the fact that the limited circuit on the water side is completely closed by a heat-insulating structure made in the form of a double-walled transparent film filled with hollow cylinders, a collector with nozzles for supplying aerated water is installed inside the water circuit at the bottom, and intake filters are installed at the top. With this arrangement, warm water can be supplied to the insulated volume, since warm water has a lower density than cold water, and it is easier to rise to the upper layers, warming the entire enclosed water volume. In addition, this allows you to create a stream of water aerated with air, and after bubbling, air escapes above the surface of the water and is removed through the float valve in the center of the coating, creating warm air currents that prevent the penetration of air from the outside into the device. The height of the installation of the collector and filters during the supply of warm aerated water is determined, which determines the optimal parameters of the directed and selected stream stream. The height for the collector is 1/4 part from the insulated bottom of the device to the water level, and filter intakes - 3/4 part height from the bottom to the water level.

If cold aerated water is supplied to the cap, the filter intake is installed in the lower part of the structure, and the collector with nozzles directed downwards is installed in the upper part. The installation height of the filters and the collector was determined during the supply of cold aerated water, which determines the optimal parameters of the directed and selected flow stream. The height for filters-inlets is 1/4 part from the bottom to the water level, and collectors 3/4 part from the bottom of the insulated device. With this installation, cold aerated water in the cap, having a higher density (especially at a temperature of 4 ^o C), drops down, enriching the water in the volume of the insulated device structure with oxygen and displacing warm water through the intake filters.

 A central float valve is also necessary to create air back-up within the device volume, to remove the fogging effect from the inner transparent wall of the surface part of the structure, and to maintain the umbrella-like structure of the upper part of the device. The float valve is made of lightweight floating material and has a through hole with a plug for penetration into the circuit from above. Due to the rational mutual arrangement of the supply and discharge devices and the directed air-water flow in the working volume, the circulation of the flows is created inside with the release of quiet stable water zones with a high oxygen content in the water.

In FIG. 1 shows a device for keeping aquatic organisms;
in FIG. 2 - the same, top view;
in FIG. 3 - the location in the device of the collectors and filters, intakes when supplying warm aerated water;
in FIG. 4 - the same when supplying cold aerated water.

 The device consists of a transparent shell made in the form of a set of welded film segment elements 1, covering the circuit above the water level, as well as a set of double-walled transparent film structure 2, filled with hollow cylinders, stacked between the films in a row, covering a limited circuit below the water level . The bottom part of the cap has a hole at the bottom, closed by a hatch 3 with a lock and a rotation lock and designed to provide greater convenience both during installation and dismantling of the device in place, and during operation. In the lower part of the water volume of the device, there is a collector 4 with nozzles for supplying biologically active water, and in the upper part, but below the water level, there are ball-shaped filters-inlets 5. Mounting filters-intakes is carried out by vertical bars 6. In the central part of the device there is a float valve 7 with a stopper 8, designed to tension the upper part of the device. The rods 9 of an umbrella-like design with spherical floats at the ends 10 prevent sagging of the film 1. Water is supplied and removed by pumps through a piping system 11, 12 and an aerator. Fixing the device in a given area of the reservoir is carried out by the anchor system 13.

 In FIG. 3 shows the location in the device for growing and maintaining aquatic organisms of collectors 4 and filter inlets 5 during the supply of warm aerated water, and FIG. 4 - the location in this device of collectors 4 and filter inlets 5 when supplying cold aerated water.

 Thermal treatment of water is carried out due to both solar energy and through the use of a heat pump installation operating in the heating and cooling mode. Creating an air-water mixture due to the aerator.

 The device operates as follows.

The heat-treated water through the pipe 11 is supplied to the supply manifold 4 and flows through the nozzles into a limited circuit. The removal of biologically inactive water is carried out by intake filters 5, and their shape meets the requirements of the suction water velocity, which does not harm aquatic organisms within a limited circuit. The use of the device is provided in two cases:
when cooling a closed loop;
when heating a closed loop.

 In the first case, through the collector 4, located in the lower part of the device, heated water with air is injected upward by nozzles, and the intake filters 5 located in the upper part discharge water through pipeline 12 to the heat pump installation. Since warm water is easier than chilled, a closed loop is uniformly heated. At the same time, the arrangement of filters 5 and collector 4 seems to be the best, since the removal is carried out in the warmest upper layers. In the second case, the level of arrangement of the filters 5 and the collector 4 with nozzles changes places, and, thus, the removal is carried out in the coldest lower layers. Further, the barbotiruem air is removed through the float valve at the top of the device. Thereby, the previously described effects of the use of a float valve are achieved.

 A device for keeping aquatic organisms can be installed on any type of water body.

 The buoyancy of the device is ensured by the use of hollow cylinders as thermal insulation, and the fixation in a given area of the reservoir, as well as the tension of the lower part of the cap, by the use of an anchor system. Fixation of the hollow cylinders in place is ensured by tape.

 In such devices, the water temperature was controlled at various levels, oxygen saturation, acidity of the medium, speed and purity of the flowing water.

 A similar design was made at the Volga experimental fish breeding plant (Zverevo settlement, Astrakhan region). Chilled and heated water was supplied from a water-to-water heat pump.

 The temperature of the layers was measured by chromel-kopel thermocouples and a portable potentiometer PP-40. In cold springtime, microorganisms of live food - daphnia for subsequent use in feeding fry of cyprinids were used as biological objects for breeding in cold spring time. Heated water in devices for growing and maintaining aquatic organisms was used to grow fry of cyprinids to viable stages. Chilled water was used in summer at fish ponds when growing fry of white fish.

 The experiments showed a high survival rate of juveniles to viable stages, a high growth rate of aquatic organisms, and an increase in fish production per unit volume. The survival effect for cyprinids averaged 12-14%, and for whitefish fry - 10%.

 As a result of using the device due to the artificial creation of a biologically active medium with the given parameters, an increase in the yield of aquatic organisms from a unit volume of the device is achieved. This device is effectively used in the warm summer to breed cold-loving fish species (white fish, trout), and in the cold spring and autumn periods - heat-loving fish and aquatic organisms.

Claims (3)

 1. A device for containing aquatic organisms made of a film of transparent insulated contour, characterized in that the insulation of the underwater part is made in the form of a double transparent wall filled with hollow cylinders stacked in rows, the frame of the upper part is made in the form of an umbrella shape, and in the water circuit an input manifold with aerated water nozzles, intake filters, a float valve with a plug were introduced.  2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the collector for introducing warm aerated water is installed at a height of 1/4 of the part from the insulated bottom of the device to the water level with the nozzles up, and intake filters at a height of 3/4 from the bottom to the water level.  3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the collector of the input of cooled aerated water is installed at a height of 3/4 from the bottom of the insulated device to the water level with the nozzles down, and intake filters at a height of 1/4 from the bottom to the water level.

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