RU2112208C1 - Device for automated measurement of angular values - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: measurement technology. SUBSTANCE: device has laser, mirror unit, photosensitive instrument made as linear photosensitive instrument 3 with charge coupling, and indication unit 18. Device also includes synchronous generator 4, amplifier 5, comparator 6, first counter 8, first trigger 9, delay line 10, first register 11, second register 12, second trigger 13, third trigger 14, OR gate 15, second counter 16, and computer unit 17. Interference picture projected on photosensitive zone of photosensitive instrument with charge coupling develops in analysis plane. It causes arrival of video signal at output of photosensitive instrument 3 with charge coupling. This signal corresponds to interference picture being projected. Video signal is converted to parallel digital code which carries information of object position. Value to be measured is calculated in computer unit 17, and measurement result is displayed by indicator. EFFECT: enhanced convenience of measurement result reading. 4 dwg , 2 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to measuring equipment and can be used for high-precision measurements of small angular displacements in special geodetic works, in accurate geophysical measurements and in the manufacture of large-sized products as instrumentation.

 A device for measuring displacements is known, the movable part of which contains a rigidly connected illuminator, lens, linear photosensitive device with charge coupling (LFPS), moves along the gear rack, and the slots of the rail are projected onto the photosensitive region of the LFPS [1].

 The disadvantage of this device is the low accuracy of the measurement.

 Closest to the proposed is a device [2], containing a reflecting target, pre-installed on the controlled object and representing a flat circle covered with a mosaic of corner reflectors. A laser, an electro-optical modulator powered by a microwave generator, a translucent flat mirror and a photodetector, an alternating current amplifier, a detector and an indicator are connected in series on a conditionally fixed object. Laser radiation is modulated in intensity in the microwave range by an electro-optical modulator, the generated wave is sent through a translucent mirror to a reflecting target. Secondary intensity waves reflected in the opposite direction by each angular reflector are directed by a translucent mirror to the photodetector, where they interfere. The photodetector converts a light signal, variable in frequency of modulation, into an electric signal, which is amplified by an amplifier and converted into a constant detector. The detector output is measured by an indicator. The microwave generator is tuned in frequency, passing sequentially through two adjacent minimums of the indicator output signal. The frequencies corresponding to these minima are measured, and the orientation of the controlled object is judged by their value.

 The disadvantage of this device is the need for additional recounting to obtain information about the orientation of the object.

 An object of the invention is to improve the readability of measurement results.

 The technical problem is solved in that the device containing the laser, the mirror unit, made in the form of a translucent mirror located along the radiation from the laser, and located along the beam reflected from the semitransparent mirror, a deaf mirror, as well as a photosensitive device optically coupled to the mirror block, and an indication unit, characterized in that the laser is mounted on a controlled object in it, the photosensitive device is made in the form of a linear photosensitive device with charge coupling (LFPS), and the same device is equipped with a sync generator, amplifier, comparator, generator, first counter, first trigger, delay line, first register, second register, second trigger, third trigger, OR element, second counter and computing unit, and the LFPS inputs are connected to the control outputs of the sync generator, and the output is with the input of the amplifier, the output of which is connected to the first input of the comparator, the second input of which is configured to supply a reference voltage to it, the output of the generator is connected to the counting input said first register and a first counter, whose reset input is connected to the reset input of the first flip-flop, counting input of the second register and the output of the delay line, whose input is connected to the output of the first counter; the counting input of the first trigger is connected to another output of the sync generator, the information input of the first trigger is connected to the voltage of the logical unit, and the output of the first trigger is connected to the enable input of the first register, the information input of which is connected to the output of the comparator, and the outputs are connected to the information inputs of the second register, all outputs which are connected to the first information inputs of the computing unit, and the output of the least significant bit of the second register is connected to the information input of the second trigger, the counting input of the the third trigger and the first input of the OR element, and the high-order output of the second register is also connected to the counting input of the second trigger, the information input of the third trigger and the second input of the OR element, the output of which is connected to the reset inputs of the second and third triggers, the outputs of which are connected to the input of the positive and the negative counter input of the second counter, respectively, the information inputs of the second counter are connected to the first information outputs of the computing unit, and the outputs of the second counter are connected to the second bubbled information computing unit inputs the second information outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the indication unit, and a control output connected to the input of recording of the second counter, in addition, the calculation unit is adapted to supply at its additional signal inputs "Account Home" and "End of account".

 In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of a device for automated measurement of angular values; in FIG. 2 to 4 are diagrams explaining the operation of the device for automated measurement of angular values.

 A device for automated measurement of angular values contains a laser (not shown in Fig. 1), intended for fastening with an object, a mirror unit made in the form of a translucent mirror 1 located along the radiation path from the laser, and a blind mirror 2 located along the path reflected from a translucent radiation mirror at a distance depending on the required measurement accuracy, a photosensitive device optically coupled to a mirror unit made in the form of a linear photosensitive device with charge coupling new 3 and the display unit 18, as well as the input clock 4, amplifier 5, comparator 6, generator 7, first counter 8, first trigger 9, delay line 10, first register 11, second register 12, second trigger 13, third trigger 14, element OR 15, the second counter 16 and the computing unit 17.

 The inputs LFPS 3 connected to the control outputs of the clock 4, and the output to the input of the amplifier 5, the output of which is connected to the first input of the comparator 6, the second input of which is supplied with a reference voltage; the output of the generator 7 is connected to the counting inputs of the first register 11 and the first counter 8, the reset input of which is connected to the reset input of the first trigger 9, the counting input of the second register 12 and the output of the delay line 10, the input of which is connected to the output of the first counter 8; the counting input of the first trigger 9 is connected to another output of the clock 4, the information input of the first trigger 9 is connected to the voltage of the logical unit, and the output of the first trigger 9 is connected to the enable input of the first register 11, the information input of which is connected to the output of the comparator 6, and the outputs are connected to the information the inputs of the second register 12, all outputs of which are connected to the first information inputs of the computing unit 17, and the output of the least significant bit of the second register 12 is also connected to the information input of the second trigger 13 , the counting input of the third trigger 14 and the first input of the OR element 15, and the high-order output of the second register 12 is also connected to the counting input of the second trigger 13, the information input of the third trigger 14 and the second input of the OR element 15, the output of which is connected to the reset inputs of the second trigger 13 and a third trigger 14, the outputs of which are connected to the input of the positive and negative input of the second counter 16, respectively; the information inputs of the second counter 16 are connected to the first information outputs of the computing unit 17, and the outputs of the second counter 16 are connected to the second information inputs of the computing unit 17, the second information outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the display unit 18, and the control output is connected to the recording input of the second counter 16, in addition, the computing unit 17 is configured to supply to its additional inputs the signals "Start of account" and "End of account".

A device for automated measurement of angular quantities works as follows. The radiation from the laser source forms a wave front, from which, in the receiving plane, the translucent mirror 1 separates the reference portion of the wave front. A deaf mirror 2, rotated through an angle φ _o relative to the translucent mirror 1, directs to this mirror 1 the second section of the wave front, which, after reflection from the translucent mirror 1, encounters a beam wave passed through it at a convergence angle of 2φ _o . An interference pattern arises in the analysis plane, projected onto the photosensitive region of the LFPS 3. An analog signal will be received at the output of the LFPS 3 (Fig. 2a), which is amplified by the amplifier 5 and fed to the first input of the comparator 6, to the second input of which the reference voltage is applied. At the output of the comparator 6 we get a serial digital signal (Fig. 2, b), which uniquely corresponds to the interference pattern projected onto the LFPS 3, and each pulse received at the output of the comparator 6 has one corresponding coordinate on the scan line relative to the initial coordinate of the LFPS scan line 3 when the object is stationary and a constant duration corresponding to half the width of the interference strip.

 From the output of the comparator 6, a serial digital signal is fed to the information input of the first register 11. Upon receipt of a pulse from the generator 7 to the counting input of the first register 11, and if there is an enable signal at the enable input of the first register 11, the signal from the input of the first register 11 is written to its low-order output moreover, upon receipt of the next pulse from the generator 7, the signals at the outputs of the first register 11 are shifted by one bit in the direction of the senior discharge, and the signal from the input the first register 11. The bit N of the first register 11 is selected based on the required speed and accuracy. The generator 7 generates pulses (Fig. 2, e), and the pulse repetition rate is selected such that for the time corresponding to one period of pulses received from the output of the comparator 6, N pulses of the generator 7 are formed. The duration of the resolution signal is equal to the duration of the period of pulses from the output of the comparator 6. The permission signal (Fig. 2, g) is formed as follows. From the output of the clock 4 to the counting input of the first trigger 9 receives a pulse (Fig. 2, d), the duration of which is equal to half the duration of the accumulation time LFPS 3 (Fig. 2, c), and the leading edge corresponds to the coordinate of the middle of the scan line LFPS 3. This pulse switches the first trigger 9, from the output of which the logical unit goes to the enable input of the first register 11. After the expiration of N pulses of the generator 7, the first counter 8 will generate a reset signal (Fig. 2, f), which passes through the delay line 10 to the reset inputs of the first counter 8 andervogo latch 9 and the second register-writing input 12, allowing entry therein of the digital code output from the first register 11, the delay time equal to the duration of a single pulse generated by the generator 7. The output of the second register 12 receive the parallel digital code. At the next reading, after a time equal to the period of accumulation of the LFPS 3, this code will change if the laser source has moved.

где
L - ширина интерференционнной полосы, N - разрядность первого регистра 11, 2φ_o - угол сходимости волновых фронтов, D - база приема зеркального блока, T_н - время накопления ЛФПЗС 3.For reliable reading, it is necessary that the angular displacement of the laser during the LFPS 3 accumulation be such that the interference pattern is shifted by no more than a distance equal to the width of the interference strip divided by the width of the first register 11. The maximum speed of the angular displacement of the laser source

Where
L is the width of the interference band, N is the width of the first register 11, 2φ _o is the angle of convergence of the wave fronts, D is the base of reception of the mirror block, T _n is the accumulation time of the LFPS 3.

The measurement of angular displacement is as follows. According to the signal "Start of counting", the computing unit 17 generates a enable signal for the second counter 16, writes a digital code B ₁ from the output of the second register 12, which carries information about the initial position of the interference pattern within one interference band, and writes a certain reference value to the second counter 16 A ₁ , with respect to which an integer number of bands will be counted. When moving the interference pattern, the digital code at the outputs of the first register 11 and the second register 12 will move either towards the high order or the low order. In this case, the logical unit appears earlier per clock cycle (equal to the accumulation time of the LFPS 3) on that discharge towards which a shift occurs.

 Let the logical unit appear at the output of the high order of the second register 12 earlier than at the output of the low order of the same register. Then at the information input of the third trigger 14 and at the counting input of the second trigger 13 will be set to logical unit. Then the logical unit will appear at the output of the least significant bit of the second register 12. This signal will go to the counting input of the third trigger 14 and to the information input of the second trigger 13, moreover, it will switch the third trigger 14, and will not switch the second trigger 13. When the signals are at the outputs of the senior and low order the second register 12 will be set to logical zero, the output of the element OR 15 will receive a reset signal, resetting the third trigger 14. Thus, an output is generated at the output of the third trigger 14. Such an impulse will be formed when the interference pattern moves to one interference band.

 When a logical unit appears at the output of the least significant bit of the second register 12 earlier than at the output of the highest bit in the same register, an impulse corresponding to movement to one interference band will be generated at the output of the second trigger 13.

Upon receipt of these pulses at the input of a positive or negative count of the second counter 16 in the corresponding direction, the value previously recorded in this counter will change. The signal "End of account" in the computing unit 17 is written the code from the output of the second counter 16 A ₂ and the code from the output of the second register 12 B ₂ .

для удобства последующих вычислений.Code B _{2 (1)} from the output of the second register 12 in the computing unit 17 is encrypted in

for the convenience of subsequent calculations.

где
Ц - целое число полос; D - дробная часть; n = [log₂ N].The angular displacement is calculated in the computing unit 17 as follows. The initial values of A ₁ and B $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{1}}{\text{1}}$ and final values of A ₂ and B $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{1}}{\text{2}}$ are compared and based on the comparison, the calculation formula is selected:

Where
C is an integer number of bands; D is the fractional part; n = [log ₂ N].

 The display unit 18 provides the output of the measurement results of angular displacement in units of measurement of angular quantities in a form convenient for humans.

FIG. 3 and 4, tab. 1 and 2 illustrate the operation of the device if the width of the first register 11 and the second register 12 is eight. In FIG. 3 a; 3, b, 3, c shows diagrams of a serial digital signal from the output of the comparator 6 when moving an object at time instants corresponding to the first, second, and third readings of the interference pattern, respectively. In FIG. 3, d is a diagram of pulses generated by the generator 7; in FIG. 3, d - diagram of the resolution signal. Suppose, for example, that an object moves so that the digital code at the outputs of the second register 12 moves toward the higher order. Code movement is shown in table. 1. In FIG. 4a, a signal diagram is presented at the output of the high order of the second register 12; in FIG. 4, b is a signal diagram at the output of the least significant bit of the second register 12; in FIG. 4c is a diagram of a reset signal of a second trigger 13 and a third trigger 14, FIG. 4, d is a signal diagram at the output of the third trigger 14, which is input to the negative count of the second counter 16. In table. 2 shows the correspondence of the digital code at the output of the second register 12 B ₁ , B ₂ and it after encryption B $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{1}}{\text{1}}$ , B $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{1}}{\text{2}}$ .

 Thus, the proposed solution can significantly improve the convenience of reading the result of measuring angular displacements using an interference goniometer due to the fact that the measurement result is displayed in units of measurement of angular quantities.

Claims (1)

 A device for automated measurement of angular values, containing a laser, a mirror unit made in the form of a translucent mirror located along the radiation from the laser, and located along the reflected mirror radiation from a deaf mirror, as well as a photosensitive device optically coupled to the mirror unit, and display unit, characterized in that the laser is mounted on a controlled object in it, the photosensitive device is made in the form of a linear photosensitive device with charge coupling u (LFPS), as well as the device is equipped with a clock generator, amplifier, comparator, generator, first counter, first trigger, delay line, first register, second register, second trigger, third trigger, OR element, second counter and computing unit, and LFPS inputs connected to the control outputs of the clock, and the output to the input of the amplifier, the output of which is connected to the first input of the comparator, the second input of which is configured to supply reference voltage to it, the output of the generator is connected to on the counting inputs of the first register and the first counter, the reset input of which is connected to the reset input of the first trigger, the counting input of the second register and the output of the delay line, the input of which is connected to the output of the first counter, the counting input of the first trigger is connected to another output of the clock generator, the information input of the first trigger - to the voltage of the logical unit, and the output of the first trigger - to the enable input of the first register, the information input of which is connected to the output of the comparator, and the outputs are connected to the information input second register, all outputs of which are connected to the first information inputs of the computing unit, the output of the least significant bit of the second register is connected to the information input of the second trigger, the counting input of the third trigger and the first input of the OR element, and the output of the senior bit of the second register is also connected to the counting input of the second trigger, the information input of the third trigger and the second input of the OR element, the output of which is connected to the reset inputs of the second and third triggers, the outputs of which are connected to the input the positive and negative counts of the second counter, respectively, the information inputs of the second counter are connected to the first information outputs of the computing unit, and the outputs of the second counter are connected to the second information inputs of the computing unit, the second information outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the display unit, and the control output is connected to the recording input the second counter, in addition, the computing unit is configured to supply the “Start of account” and “End of count” signals to its other inputs.

Images