RU2111343C1 - Plant to lift fluid from well, process of its operation, well pump and hydraulic drive incorporated in its mix - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: oil industry, lifting of crude oil or evacuation of strata waters. SUBSTANCE: plant includes plunger, hole packer, base and frame. Frame carries drum. tape is wound spirally on it and is connected to plunger. Base have guides. Frame is mounted for movement along guides to keep vertical position of tape over section between hole packer and point of entrance of tape on to drum. Process involves unreeling and reeling of tape on to drum. Tape is joined to plunger, it is forced to take vertical position between hole entrance and point of tape going off/coming on to drum. Well pump has plunger composed of dies having $$$ cross-section and strap having $$$ shape. Hydraulic drive includes fluid-power motor connected to drum. Plant incorporates reversible hydraulic pump, hydraulic distributor and hydraulic braking mechanism. Mentioned units form closed hydraulic system with aids preventing overloading of tape. EFFECT: increased reliability, prolonged service life and improved operational safety of plant. 28 cl, 14 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the oil industry and can be used mainly for lifting oil or for pumping formation water.

 Known downhole installation containing a plunger, wellhead stuffing box mounted at the inlet of the well pipe, a drum mounted on a support with the possibility of rotation, a tape spirally wound on the drum, one end mounted on it, and the other passed through a wellhead stuffing box connected to the plunger placed in the well pipe, a reverse drive connected to the drum shaft with the possibility of unwinding and winding the tape on the drum (US patent N 4024913, CL E 21 B 17/00, 1977).

 In this device, the tape is made of durable non-metallic material to increase the reliability of the equipment and reduce the possibility of breakage of the tape. The plunger in the device is made in the form of a cylindrical piston.

 However, in this technical solution, the tape experiences high stresses associated with its repeated bending on the drum during unwinding and winding of the tape, which are combined with the stretching of the tape under the axial load of the plunger. A particularly unreliable place leading to warping and grinding of the tape is the wellhead seal, which serves to seal the place of entry of the tape into the pipe. As the unwinding and winding on the drum, the tape in the area from the wellhead seal to the place where it leaves the drum deviates from the vertical position, and this deviation is greater, the greater the depth of plunger immersion in the well pipe. Therefore, when using such an installation as a deep-well pump with a plunger stroke length of more than 50 m in the well pipe, its reliability decreases and the frequency of replacement of the tape increases, despite the use of high-strength synthetic materials for its manufacture.

 In addition, for deep pump installations it is necessary to use a tubing string made up of individual pipes 6–9 m long, interconnected by a threaded sleeve. This leads to a violation of the alignment of individual pipes and the ideality of a round cross-sectional shape, therefore, the use of a cylindrical plunger leads to an increase in axial stresses on the tape at the places where the plunger passes through the pipe inhomogeneities, such as its ellipsoidity and misalignment.

 A known installation for lifting oil from a well, containing a plunger, wellhead seal installed at the inlet of the well pipe, a base, a drum mounted on it with the possibility of rotation from a reverse drive, a tape spirally wound on the drum, attached at one end to it and the other passed through a wellhead seal connected to a plunger (ed. St. USSR N 628292, class E 21 B 43/00, 1978).

 In this technical solution, the tape in the well pipe is twisted around its longitudinal axis by means of a turbine wheel installed in its lower part to remove the lateral edge of the paraffin tape that has settled on the inner surface of the pipe. The installation further comprises a guide roller for fixing the vertical position of the tape between the wellhead seal and the guide roller. However, the limitations inherent in the previous installation remain, since there are repeated bends of the tape on the drum and the guide roller during each cycle of the plunger movement. So in one cycle of moving the plunger up and down, the tape, passing through the guides of the roller and drum, bends and unbends six times. Axial stresses associated with the stretching of the tape from the axial load and the friction of its lateral edges against the inner surface of the well pipe increase. In addition, to remove paraffin, it is necessary to use a tape of a sufficiently rigid material, for example, steel.

 Oil well equipment and a pumping device are also known (US Pat. No. 4,416,329, class E 21 B 17/00, 1983).

 In this technical solution, a device for lifting liquid from a well comprises a plunger, a wellhead seal intended for installation at the inlet of the well pipe, a base, a frame mounted on it, a drum mounted on the frame with the possibility of rotation around the axis of rotation, a tape spirally wound on a drum mounted on it with one end and the other through a wellhead seal connected to a plunger intended to be placed in the well pipe, a reverse drive connected to the drum with the possibility of unwinding niya and winding tape on it.

 To maintain the vertical position of the tape above the wellhead gland, this technical solution uses a guide part in the form of a curved trough that performs the same function as the roller in the technical solution for the specified author. St. USSR N 628292 with all the inherent limitations mentioned. So in one embodiment of this invention to reduce the impact of the wellhead seal on the tape, it is attached to a polished rod, which is placed in the wellhead seal. However, this option is applicable only for a small stroke of the plunger in the well pipe from the oscillating drive. In the case of using this technical solution in long-running deep pump installations in which the tape is in contact with the wellhead gland, the negative effect of the wellhead gland on the tape and the tape on it remains. The use of a curved trough as a guide part, rather than a guide roller, leads to additional wear of the tape due to the sliding friction that is more than rolling friction for most materials.

 The downhole pump in the device according to US patent N 4416329 contains a plunger that is installed inside the tubing of the well, and its outer surface is cylindrical.

 When using such a plunger in deep pump installations with a long stroke of the plunger, as described above, the axial loads on the belt sharply increase due to the misalignment of individual connected pipes and their ellipticity.

 A known method of lifting fluid from a well, including unwinding and winding the tape onto the drum, one end of which is connected to the plunger and the other fixed to the drum, the plunger being installed in the well pipe and the tape passed through the wellhead, and when unwinding-winding the tape onto the drum is informed to the plunger at least one cycle of the plunger stroke in the borehole pipe up and up or up and down, corresponding to unwinding and winding the tape onto the drum (US Pat. No. 4,416,329, class E 21 B 17/00, 1983).

 The operation of this known installation and all others is characterized by the same parameters for the movement of the plunger, in particular the same speeds of movement of the plunger in one cycle of its movement - up and down (or down and up). At the same time, the modes of movement of the plunger also affect the reliability of the installation, its performance, and with certain modes of movement of the plunger, a longer temporary operating time of the installation is possible without replacing the tape.

 A well pump is known, comprising a cylinder, a receiving valve mounted on it, a plunger installed inside the cylinder, made hollow with an annular groove on its outer surface facing the cylinder, a pressure valve installed on the plunger, at least three dies installed along radii in the annular groove of the plunger with the formation of longitudinal gaps between them, a spring installed in the annular groove between the surface of the dies facing the axis of the plunger and the outer cylindrical surface of the annular grooves with the possibility of radial movement of the dies, each of the dies made with radial and axial shelves, and their surface facing the cylinder is made with a curvature equal to the curvature of the inner diameter of the cylinder, at least three pads installed with the formation of longitudinal gaps between them on the radial and axial shelves of radially adjacent dies with the possibility of overlapping longitudinal gaps between the dies, and a part of the outer surface of the plates facing the cylinder is made with a curvature equal to the curvatures e of the inner diameter of the cylinder, and this part in the planes of its conjugation with dies neighboring in radius is made coincident with the outer surfaces of the dies facing the cylinder, the ends of the plates and dies opposite the radial shelves of the dies are located in the same radial plane, and the overlays are mounted on the dies with the possibility of their movement in the radial direction and spring-loaded through the dies to the inner surface of the cylinder (RF patent N 2044162, cl. F 04 B 53/02, 1995).

 This pump is designed to be placed in the tubing of the well together with its own cylinder and cannot be used when installing the plunger without a cylinder directly into the tubing, since when moving the plunger up and down in it on its inhomogeneities, such as misalignment , ellipticity, leakage occurs between the linings, dies and the inner surface of the pipe and, in addition, when pulling the plunger out of the cylinder, the dies and linings fall out of the annular ring forever. The main limitation of the use of such a plunger directly in the tubing is the high axial loads transmitted from the plunger to the tape, which occur when the pads and rams come into contact with inhomogeneities when the plunger moves up and down, as a result of which the axial stresses on the tape increase and dynamic loads are spasmodic nature, changing the smooth movement of the plunger and leading to wear of the tape.

 Also known is a hydraulic drive of a well pump installation containing a hydraulic motor kinematically connected to a drum connected by means of a tape to a plunger of the well pump and hydraulically to an adjustable hydraulic pump with the possibility of forming a closed hydraulic system, and a control system having a controlled three-position two-line directional control valve with DIRECT STROKE, NEUTRAL and REVERSE, moreover, the control elements of the said control valve are connected with drum speed sensors (ed. St. USSR N 314733, class B 66 D 1/08, 1969).

 A limitation of this hydraulic actuator is its insufficient reliability when operating in automatic mode due to the impossibility of regulating the operation of an adjustable hydraulic pump depending on the degree of belt tension both in the mode of movement of the plunger of the borehole pump up and down. The degree of tape tension is due to a change in various external factors affecting the plunger of the well pump.

 The objective of the invention is to increase reliability, increase the temporary resource of work, increase the safety of operation.

 The technical result that can be obtained when solving the problem in terms of installation is to increase the durability of the tape by reducing bending and axial stresses.

 The technical result that can be obtained by implementing the proposed method is to increase productivity while reducing dynamic loads on the tape.

 The technical result that can be obtained when solving the problem in terms of the borehole pump is to increase the tightness between the plunger and the tubing while reducing axial stresses and dynamic loads of the tape.

 The technical result that can be obtained when solving the problem in terms of hydraulic drive is to provide regulation of the modes of the reversible adjustable hydraulic pump and the hydraulic motor of the drive with a flexible tape wound, depending on the degree of tension.

 To solve the problem with the achievement of the specified technical result in a known installation for lifting fluid from a well containing a plunger, a wellhead seal intended for installation at the inlet of a well pipe, a base, a frame mounted on it, a drum mounted on the frame with the possibility of rotation around axis of rotation, a tape spirally wound on a drum, one end fixed on it, and the other passed through a wellhead seal connected to a plunger designed to be placed in a squeegee tube according to the invention, the base is equipped with guides, and the frame is made with the possibility of its movement along them and with the possibility of simultaneous movement of the axis of rotation of the drum in the transverse direction relative to the vertical when unwinding or winding the tape on the drum to maintain the vertical position of the tape in the area between the wellhead seal and the place of its exit from the drum when unwinding the tape from it and to maintain vertical the position of the tape in the area between the wellhead seal and the place of its entry onto the drum when the tape is wound on it.

где D_cp - средний диаметр намотки ленты на барабан от начального диаметра D_min до конечного диаметра D_max, равный (D_min + D_max)/2;
Н - высота от устьевого сальника до места схода-захода ленты на барабан;
Е - модуль упругости материала ленты;
σ_раст - напряжение ленты от ее растяжения;
[σ] - допускаемое напряжение для ленты, работающей при циклических нагрузках;
δ - толщина ленты;
рама была снабжена колесами, направляющие были выполнены в виде рельсов, и колеса были установлены на рельсах;
рама была снабжена колесами, направляющие были бы выполнены в виде желобов, и колеса установлены в желобах;
при длине S хода плунжера в трубе скважины больше величины, полученной из математического выражения

было введено устройство фиксации вертикального положения ленты, которое было бы выполнено с возможностью сохранения перемещения оси вращения барабана в поперечном направлении для упомянутого поддержания вертикального положения ленты и с возможностью ограничения перемещения оси вращения барабана при совмещении упомянутого вертикального положения ленты с вертикальной осью устьевого сальника;
устройство фиксации вертикального положения ленты было выполнено из стойки с роликом, предназначенным для размещения его над трубой скважины так, что вертикальная касательная окружности ролика совмещена с вертикальной осью устьевого сальника и с вертикальной касательной окружности барабана, расположенной в месте схода-захода ленты на барабан, а направляющие установлены под углом к вертикали с возможностью перемещения рамы под действием сил тяжести к вертикальной оси устьевого сальника;
направляющие были установлены с возможностью изменения упомянутого угла;
рама была снабжена колесами, направляющие выполнены в виде рельсов, и колеса установлены на них, введены прокладки, предназначенные для установки между основанием и рельсами;
рама была снабжена колесами, направляющие выполнены в виде желобов, и колеса установлены в желобах, введены прокладки или домкрат, предназначенные для установки между основанием и его опорой для изменения угла основания к горизонтали;
устройство фиксации вертикального положения ленты было выполнено из стойки с роликом, предназначенным для размещения его над трубой скважины так, что вертикальная касательная окружности ролика совмещена с вертикальной осью устьевого сальника и с вертикальной касательной окружности барабана, расположенной в месте схода-захода ленты на барабан, направляющие установлены под прямым углом к вертикали, введены груз, блок, установленный на основании, и гибкий элемент, причем один конец гибкого элемента закреплен на раме, а другой через блок соединен с грузом, рама выполнена с возможностью перемещения к вертикальной оси устьевого сальника под действием тяжести груза;
рама была снабжена колесами, установленными на направляющих, устройство фиксации вертикального положения ленты было выполнено из редуктора, кинематически связывающего вал барабана с осями колес с возможностью вращения их и барабана в одном направлении, причем передаточное число i редуктора выбрано из соотношения
i = πd/δ,
где i - отношение частоты вращения барабана к частоте вращения колеса;
d - диаметр колеса;
δ - толщина ленты;
реверсный привод был выполнен гидравлическим из гидромотора и насосной станции, связанными между собой шлангами, при этом гидромотор был бы установлен на раме, а насосная станция за пределами рамы;
реверсный привод был выполнен регулируемым с возможностью изменения скорости разматывания или наматывания ленты на барабан для изменения скорости движения плунжера в трубе скважины при перемещении его вниз или для изменения скорости движения плунжера при перемещении его вверх к устьевому сальнику.Additional installation options are possible, in which it is advisable that:
the length S of the stroke of the plunger in the well pipe was selected no more than the value obtained from the mathematical expression:

where D _cp is the average diameter of the tape winding on the drum from the initial diameter D _min to the final diameter D _max equal to (D _min + D _max ) / 2;
N is the height from the wellhead seal to the place of descent of the tape on the drum;
E is the elastic modulus of the tape material;
σ _rast - the tension of the tape from its stretching;
[σ] is the allowable stress for a tape operating under cyclic loads;
δ is the thickness of the tape;
the frame was equipped with wheels, the guides were made in the form of rails, and the wheels were mounted on rails;
the frame was equipped with wheels, the guides would be made in the form of gutters, and the wheels are installed in the gutters;
when the length S of the stroke of the plunger in the well pipe is greater than the value obtained from the mathematical expression

a device for fixing the vertical position of the tape was introduced, which would be able to preserve the movement of the axis of rotation of the drum in the transverse direction for maintaining the vertical position of the tape and with the possibility of restricting the movement of the axis of rotation of the drum when combining the above vertical position of the tape with the vertical axis of the wellhead seal
the device for fixing the vertical position of the tape was made of a rack with a roller designed to be placed above the well pipe so that the vertical tangent of the circumference of the roller is aligned with the vertical axis of the wellhead stuffing box and with the vertical tangent of the circumference of the drum located at the place where the tape went to the drum, and guides are installed at an angle to the vertical with the possibility of moving the frame under the action of gravity to the vertical axis of the wellhead seal;
guides were installed with the possibility of changing the said angle;
the frame was equipped with wheels, the guides are made in the form of rails, and the wheels are mounted on them, gaskets designed for installation between the base and the rails are introduced;
the frame was equipped with wheels, the guides were made in the form of gutters, and the wheels were installed in the gutters, gaskets or a jack were introduced to be installed between the base and its support to change the angle of the base to the horizontal;
The device for fixing the vertical position of the tape was made of a rack with a roller designed to be placed above the well pipe so that the vertical tangent of the circumference of the roller is aligned with the vertical axis of the wellhead seal and with the vertical tangent of the circumference of the drum located at the place of the approach of the tape to the drum, guides installed at right angles to the vertical, introduced the load, the block mounted on the base, and a flexible element, with one end of the flexible element mounted on the frame, and the other through the block with It is connected with the load, the frame is made with the ability to move to the vertical axis of the wellhead seal under the influence of the load’s gravity;
the frame was equipped with wheels mounted on guides, the device for fixing the vertical position of the tape was made of a gearbox kinematically connecting the drum shaft with the axles of the wheels with the possibility of rotation of them and the drum in one direction, and the gear ratio i of the gearbox was selected from the ratio
i = πd / δ,
where i is the ratio of the frequency of rotation of the drum to the frequency of rotation of the wheel;
d is the diameter of the wheel;
δ is the thickness of the tape;
the reverse drive was made hydraulic from a hydraulic motor and a pump station, interconnected by hoses, while the hydraulic motor would be mounted on the frame, and the pump station outside the frame;
the reverse drive was made adjustable with the ability to change the speed of unwinding or winding the tape onto the drum to change the speed of the plunger in the well pipe when moving it down or to change the speed of the plunger when moving it up to the wellhead seal.

 To solve the problem in a known method of lifting fluid from a well, including unwinding and winding the tape onto a drum, one end of which is connected to the plunger and the other is fixed to the drum, the plunger is installed in the well pipe and the tape is passed through the wellhead, and at least unwinding the winding of the tape on the drum, the plunger is informed of at least one cycle of the plunger stroke in the well pipe up and up or up and down, corresponding to the unwinding and winding of the tape on the drum, according to the invention, unwinding and winding the tape onto the drum, it is forced to occupy a vertical position in the area between the wellhead and the place where the tape descends to the drum, and the plunger moves at its downward speed and the plunger moves at upward speed in at least one cycle.

There are additional options for implementing the method, in which it is advisable that:
the plunger would move upward at a higher maximum speed than when it moved downward;
the plunger would move downward with such acceleration at the beginning of its stroke at which the increment of speed does not exceed the average speed of the plunger;
upward movement of the plunger was performed with such acceleration at the beginning of its stroke and with such braking at the end of its stroke, which are less than with the sinusoidal law of movement of the plunger;
the depth of the plunger stroke was chosen with its approach beyond the dynamic level of the fluid in the well and the plunger stroke down would be performed at a higher speed than when the plunger entered the fluid, while the speed of the plunger in the fluid would be less than or equal to the free fall rate of the plunger in the fluid ;
between each of the plunger down-up stroke cycles, a temporary pause would be maintained;
changing the stroke length of the plunger in one cycle relative to another cycle;
the plunger was lowered down over a large length of its stroke in the well pipe, at least one plunger stroke cycle was performed up and down from a large plunger stroke depth to a selected intermediate length, then the plunger was raised up above the selected intermediate length and at least one cycle was performed plunger stroke up and down with a plunger stroke length greater than the selected intermediate length;
when raising paraffin-containing fluid, the plunger was lowered down by a stroke length in the well pipe greater than the depth of deposition of paraffin, sequential cycles of the plunger stroke were made up and down at a depth greater than the depth of deposition of paraffin, and then the plunger would be lifted up to the mouth of the well pipe to remove paraffin wax.

 To solve the problem in a well-known well pump containing a cylinder, a receiving valve mounted on it, a plunger installed inside the cylinder, made hollow with an annular groove on its outer surface facing the cylinder, a pressure valve installed on the plunger, at least three dies installed radially in the annular groove of the plunger with the formation of longitudinal gaps between them, a spring installed in the annular groove between the surface of the dies facing the axis of the plunger and the outer side an annular surface of the annular groove with the possibility of radial movement of the dies, each of the dies made with radial and axial shelves, and their surface facing the cylinder is made with a curvature equal to the curvature of the inner surface of the cylinder, at least three pads installed with the formation of longitudinal gaps between them on radial and axial shelves of radially adjacent dies with the possibility of overlapping longitudinal gaps between the dies, moreover, part of the outer surface of the invoice facing the cylinder made with a curvature equal to the curvature of the inner surface of the cylinder, and this part in the planes of its conjugation with dies neighboring in radius is made coincident with the outer surfaces of the dies facing the cylinder, the ends of the plates and dies opposite to the radial shelves of the dies are located in the same radial plane, and the lining mounted on the dies with the possibility of their movement in the radial direction and spring-loaded through the dies to the inner surface of the cylinder, according to the invention, the plunger is designed For installation inside the tubing of the well, which serves as its cylinder, bushings are introduced, mounted on the plunger and made of a [-shaped longitudinal section with the formation of a visor in the form of a ring, the diameter of the outer surface of the bushings is chosen smaller than the diameter of the outer surface facing the cylinder, formed all dies and pads adjacent in radius, each of the dies is made of a ┴-shaped longitudinal section, and the bushings are installed from opposite ends of the dies and their visors in the longitudinal direction directed to each other, each of the plates along the longitudinal axis is made ├┤-shaped and installed with the spacing of its radial parts on the radial and axial shelves of the ┴-shaped plate, and the longitudinal part of the ├┤-shaped plate is placed in the longitudinal gap between the plates, each of the pads is made with a ledge, which is installed inside the ring of the visor of the sleeve with an axial clearance between its end and the radial part of the sleeve, and a chamfer is made on the outer surface of the lining facing the cylinder and the visor of the sleeve.

There are additional options for performing a well pump, in which it is advisable to:
dies and pads, spring-loaded with their springs, were also installed sequentially along the longitudinal axis in the same annular groove of the plunger and were made identical to the dies and pads installed along the radii, an intermediate sleeve would be inserted mounted on the annular groove of the plunger and made of I - shaped longitudinal section with the formation of annular visors facing each other oppositely, facing each other ledges adjacent to the longitudinal axis of the lining were installed inside their annular the visors of the intermediate sleeve with an axial clearance between their ends of the steps of the radial part of the I-shaped sleeve, and a chamfer was made on the outer surface of each lining facing the cylinder and the annular visor;
a curved pin was inserted, one end of which was fixed inside the visor of the [-shaped sleeve, and the other on its radial part, a slot was made from one end of the patch on its longitudinal axis in the ledge, and the curved pin was installed in the slot of the patch of the patch;
a curved pin was introduced, one end of which was fixed inside the annular visor of the I-shaped sleeve, and the other on its radial part, a slot would be made from one end of the patch on its longitudinal axis in the ledge, and the curved pin was installed in the slot of the slip of the patch.

 To solve the problem with achieving the specified technical result in the well-known hydraulic drive of a borehole pumping unit containing a hydraulic motor kinematically connected to a drum connected via a tape to the plunger of the borehole pumping unit and hydraulically with an adjustable hydraulic pump with the possibility of forming a closed hydraulic system, and a control system, having a controlled three-position two-way valve with the provisions of the DIRECT STROKE, NEUTRAL and REVERSE, with the controls mentioned According to the invention, it is equipped with a hydraulically controlled brake mechanism, and the adjustable hydraulic pump is made reversible with a mode changing mechanism having control chambers, the first of which is in communication with the first output of the said control valve, and the control system is equipped with a hydraulic pump, the input of which is communicated with a hydraulic tank, and the output is through check valves with the corresponding input of the reverse hydraulic pump and with the first input of the mentioned hydraulic distribution spruce, the second input of which is in communication with the hydraulic tank, three drain valves made hydraulically controlled with pressure regulators, the inlet of the drain valves communicates with the pressure hydraulic line of the closed hydraulic system, and the outputs - with the hydraulic tank, while the controlled cavities of the first and second drain valves communicate with the hydraulic tank, and the third - with a control chamber of the mechanism for changing the modes of the reversing hydraulic pump, another chamber of which is in communication with the output of the said control valve through an adjustable pressure valve, cavity the pressure of which is connected with the pressure hydraulic line of a closed hydraulic system, the pressure regulators of the drain valves being installed, respectively, the first is set to a pressure equivalent to the allowable load for the belt, the second to the pressure corresponding to the minimum load created when the plunger moves up, the third to the pressure corresponding to the load applied to the tape when the plunger moves downward, while the inlet of the drain valves are in communication with the pressure hydraulic line of the closed system, the controlled cavities of the first and second drain to the lapans are in communication with the hydraulic tank, and the third - with the second control chamber of the mechanism for changing the modes of the reverse hydraulic pump, the first chamber of which is connected to the second output of the control valve through an adjustable pressure valve, the control cavity of which is connected to the pressure hydraulic line of the closed hydraulic system and to the output of the hydraulic pump of the control system through the OR valve while the brake mechanism is hydraulically connected to the pressure hydraulic line of a closed hydraulic system with the possibility of inclusion with a decrease in working pressure eniya in the pressure line.

 In FIG. 1 shows the installation, a General view; in FIG. 2 is a diagram of the forces acting on the frame; in FIG. 3 - the ground part of the installation with a device for fixing the vertical position of the tape by means of inclined rails and a guide roller; in FIG. 4 - the ground part of the installation with a device for fixing the vertical position of the tape by means of a block, a load and a guide roller; in FIG. 5 is a kinematic diagram of a device for fixing the vertical position of the tape by means of a gear; in FIG. 6 - device downhole pump; in FIG. 7 - section aa in Fig.6; in FIG. 8 is a section BB in FIG. 6; in FIG. 9 is a cross section CC in FIG. 6; in FIG. 10 is a cross-section D-D in Fig.9; in FIG. 11 - overlay; in FIG. 12 - die; in FIG. 13 - scan of the outer surface of the installed dies and pads; in FIG. 14 is a hydraulic diagram of a hydraulic actuator.

 Installation for lifting fluid from the well (figure 1), contains a plunger 1, wellhead stuffing box 2, designed to be installed at the inlet of the pipe 3 of the well 4, the base 5, the frame 6 mounted on it, the drum 7 mounted on the frame 6 with the possibility of it rotation around the axis of rotation. The tape 8, spirally wound on the drum 7, is fixed on it by one end, and the other, passed through the wellhead seal 2, is connected to the plunger 1 placed in the pipe 3 of the well 4. The reverse drive, for example, made of a hydraulic motor 9 and a pump station 10, is connected with the drum 7 with the possibility of unwinding and winding the tape 8. The base is provided with guides, for example rails 11, and the frame 6 is made with the possibility of its movement along them and with the possibility of simultaneous movement of the axis of rotation of the drum 7 in the transverse direction relative to vertically when unwinding or winding the tape 8 onto the drum 7.

 When moving the plunger 1 to a certain certain length of its stroke in the pipe 3 of the well 4, the movement of the frame 6 is aimed at maintaining the vertical position of the tape 8 in the area between the wellhead gland 2 and the place M of its exit from the drum 7 when unwinding the tape 8 from it and to maintain the vertical position tape 8 in the area between the wellhead seal 2 and the place M of its approach to the drum 7 when winding the tape 8 on it.

 In FIG. 1 also schematically shows: the vertical axis 0 passing through the wellhead stuffing box 2, the wheels 12 that the frame 6 can be equipped with, a receiving valve 13 mounted on the end of the pipe 3, high pressure hoses 14 for connecting the hydraulic motor 9 to the pump station 10.

 The installation works as follows.

When the tape 8 deviates from the vertical axis 0 passing through the gland 2, by an angle α when the plunger 1 moves down, a force P ₁ arises, causing the frame 6 to move to the wellhead 4. When angle β is formed, a force P ₂ arises, causing the frame to move from wellhead 4. Thus, both of these forces P ₁ and P ₂ , acting on the frame 6, tend to restore the verticality and straightness of the tape. Therefore, it is enough to provide the base 5 with some guides that enable the drum 7 connected with the frame 6 to be moved in the transverse direction relative to the vertical axis 0, so that due to the impact on the drum of the tape 8 loaded by the plunger 1, it can be moved to the vertical axis 0.

 In the General case, the guides can be made of any known design. For example (Fig. 1), if the base 5 is made in the form of supports, then the frame 6 can be provided with wheels 12, the guides can be made in the form of rails 11, and the wheels 12 are mounted on them.

 If the base 5 is made in the form of a platform, as in US patent N 4416329, then the wheels 12 can be installed in the grooves made in it (not shown in Fig. 1).

It is advisable to use wheels 12 to reduce friction, and it is advisable to choose the minimum mass of the frame 6 and the equipment placed on it to minimize the forces P ₁ and P ₂ necessary to move the frame 6.

 Using the installation (Fig. 1) leads to the occurrence of bending stresses in the tape 8. The smaller the length S of the stroke of the plunger 1, the less bending stresses will be. In an installation with a plunger stroke length S of 180 m with a lifting capacity of up to 3000 kg, the bending stresses in the steel tape do not exceed 10% of the allowable, and it can be used in wells 4 with a liquid lifting height of up to 500 m and a flow rate of 25 t / day.

где D_ср - средний диаметр намотки ленты 8 на барабан 7 от начального диаметра D_min до конечного диаметра D_max, равный (D_min + D_max)/2;
Н - высота от устьевого сальника до места М схода-захода ленты 8 на барабан 7;
Е - модуль упругости материала ленты 8;
σ_раст - напряжение в ленте 8 от ее растяжения;
[σ] - допускаемое напряжение для ленты 8, работающей при циклических нагрузках;
δ - толщина ленты 8.For such installations (Fig. 1,2), the stroke length S of the plunger 1 in the pipe 3 of the well 4 should be selected no more than the value obtained from the mathematical expression

where D _cf - the average diameter of the winding of the tape 8 on the drum 7 from the initial diameter D _min to the final diameter D _max equal to (D _min + D _max ) / 2;
H is the height from the wellhead seal to the place M of the descent-approach of the tape 8 on the drum 7;
E is the elastic modulus of the material of the tape 8;
σ _rast - stress in the tape 8 from its tension;
[σ] is the allowable stress for the tape 8, operating under cyclic loads;
δ is the thickness of the tape 8.

 This mathematical expression is obtained from the condition that the total stresses in the tape 8 from tension and bending should be less than the allowable stress [σ] for the tape 8, operating under cyclic loads in this environment.

= 3360 кг/см², Е = 2,1х10⁶ кг/см², получим σ_раст= N/bxσ = 2222 кг/см², и допустимая длина S хода плунжера 1 - S ≤ 122,6 м.So, for the tensile strength of the steel strip N = 3500 kg, the width of the steel strip 8b = 4.5 cm, its thickness δ = 0.35 cm, D _cf = 200 cm, N = 200 cm,

= 3360 kg / cm ² , E = 2.1x10 ⁶ kg / cm ² , we obtain σ _rast = N / bxσ = 2222 kg / cm ² , and the permissible length S of the stroke of the plunger 1 is S ≤ 122.6 m.

 When the length S of the stroke of the plunger 1 is greater than 122.6 m, the total stresses in the steel tape 8 are higher than the permissible ones under the specified operating conditions, which requires the use of a special device that holds the point 8 of the vanishing and approaching of the tape 8 on to avoid damage to the tape 8 drum 7 on a vertical axis 0.

 Such devices for fixing the vertical position of the tape 8 on the vertical axis 0 passing through the wellhead seal 2 can be made in various ways.

 The device (Fig. 3) for fixing the vertical position of the tape 8 is made of a stand 15 with a roller 16 designed to be placed above the pipe 3 of the well 4 (Fig. 1) so that the vertical tangent of the circumference of the roller 16 is aligned with the vertical axis 0 of the wellhead stuffing box 2 and with the vertical tangent circle of the drum 7, located in the place M of the descent of the tape 8 on the drum 7, and the guides are installed at an angle to the vertical with the possibility of moving the frame 6 under the action of gravity to the vertical axis 0 of the wellhead seal 2.

 In this embodiment, the frame 6 can be equipped with wheels 12, the guides are made in the form of rails 11, and the wheels 12 are mounted on the rails 11. Gaskets 17 can be introduced, designed to be installed between the base 5 and the rails 11. By changing the number of gaskets 17, you can change the angle the inclination γ of the rails 11 and the horizontal, and accordingly the inclination of the rails to the vertical axis 0.

 In the case of the base 5 in the form of a platform (not shown in FIG. 3), as in US Pat. In this case, gaskets or various jacking devices can be introduced, designed to be installed between the base and its support, for example, the earth's surface, to change the angle of the base to the horizontal.

The angle γ is selected (Fig. 3) using a set of gaskets 17 so that the frame 6 rolls up to the wellhead 4 with a minimum pressing force of the drum 7 to the guide roller 16. The minimum pressing force occurs when the horizontal component is the total gravity of the equipment with frame 6 is equal to the rolling resistance forces, including the maximum counter wind load, friction in the bearings of the wheels 12, etc. In practice, the angle γ is in the range 1-3 ^o , at which the pressing force of the drum 7 in place M contact of the tape 8 with the roller 16 does not exceed 300 kg During operation of the installation with a stroke length S of the plunger 100-150 m, the place M of the contact moves in height within 1-3 mm, which practically does not affect the bending of the tape 8.

 The device (Fig. 4) for fixing the vertical position of the tape can also be made from a stand 15 with a roller 16 designed to be placed above the pipe 3 of the well 4 (Fig. 1) so that the vertical tangent of the circumference of the roller 16 is aligned with the vertical axis 0 of the wellhead seal 3 and with a vertical tangent circumference of the drum 7, located in the place M of the descent of the tape on the drum 7. The rails 11 can be installed horizontally. A load 17, a block 18 mounted on the base 5, and a flexible element 19 are introduced. One end of the flexible element 19 is fixed to the frame 6, and the other through the block 18 is connected to the load 17. The frame 6 is arranged to move to the vertical axis 0 of the well box 2 under the influence of the gravity of the load 17.

 When using this option, the value of the load 17 is also selected based on the need to overcome all the rolling resistance of the frame 6, including the own friction of the block 18. The pressing force of the drum 7 to the roller 1 at the point M of their contact is also selected not exceeding 300 kg. The place M of the contact and the approaching approach of the tape 8 for this option is always on the vertical axis 0 at the same height for any diameter of the tape 8 being wound on the drum 7 and for any length S of the plunger stroke.

In another embodiment, the device (Fig. 5) for fixing the vertical position of the belt 8 can be made of a gearbox 20 kinematically connecting the shaft 21 of the drum 7 with the axles 22 of the wheels 12 with the possibility of rotation of them and the drum 7 in one direction, the gear ratio i of the gearbox 20 being selected from the relation
i = πd / δ,
where i is the ratio of the rotational speed of the drum 7 to the rotational frequencies of the wheel 12;
d is the diameter of the wheel 12;
δ is the thickness of the tape 8.

 Kinematic communication can be carried out by means of a chain transmission 23 or any other. The requirement for kinematic communication is to ensure accurate movement of the frame 6 depending on the change in the diameter of the winding of the tape 8 on the drum 7.

 The ratio for i is a condition for ensuring the movement of the frame 6 for each revolution of the drum 7 by a distance equal to the thickness δ of the tape 8. For example, in an installation having a tape 8, a thickness of 3.5 mm and a wheel diameter of 12 - 100 mm, the gear ratio i is 89, 7.

 When the installation is working with the gearbox 20, the frame 6 is initially mounted so that the tape 8 occupies a position coinciding with the vertical axis 0 (Fig. 1). When the reverse engine is turned on as the tape 8 is unwound, the frame 6 moves to the wellhead 4, and when the tape 8 is wound, the frame moves away from it, preserving the place M of the descent-approach of the tape 8 on the drum 7 on the vertical axis 0. This installation option is expedient for any the height of the liquid and at any length S of the stroke of the plunger 1.

 For all the described installation options, its operation is characterized as follows.

As the tape 8 is unwound into the tubing 3 of the well 4 and the plunger 1 is lowered, the diameter of the tape 8 winding on the drum 7 decreases and the frame 6 under the influence of either the horizontal force P ₁ (figure 2) or the inclination of the rails 11 (figure 3) either under the action of the load 17 (Fig. 4), or due to the transmission of movement from the rotating drum 7 through the gear 20 by the wheels 12 (Fig. 5), it gradually rolls up to the wellhead 4, keeping the exit point of the tape 8 from the drum 7 on the vertical axis 0 passing through the wellhead seal 2.

When lifting the plunger 1, the rolling of the frame 6 occurs either due to the horizontal force P ₂ (Fig. 2), or due to the reaction force of the support at the contact point of the roller 16 (Fig. 3.4), or due to the rotation of the wheels in the opposite direction 12 through the gearbox 20 from the rotating drum 7 (figure 5).

 To ensure the mobility of the frame 6, it is advisable to carry out the reverse drive hydraulically from the hydraulic motor 9 and the pump station 10, interconnected by hoses 14, the length of which is selected sufficient for the free movement of the frame 6, while the hydraulic motor 9 is mounted on the frame 6, and the pump station 10 outside the frame 6 and base 5 at a distance from the well 4, which does not require special protection of electrical equipment from explosive atmospheres.

 To obtain different operating modes of the installation, the reverse drive is made adjustable with the ability to change the speed of unwinding or winding the tape 8 onto the drum 7 to change the speed of the plunger 1 in the pipe 3 of the well 4 when moving it down or to change the speed of the plunger 1 when moving it up to the wellhead oil seal 2.

 Pumping fluid from the well 4 is carried out in a known manner. When the plunger 1 moves up (Fig. 1), liquid is sucked under the plunger 1 through the intake valve 13, and when the plunger 1 moves down, the liquid is pumped through its discharge valve 24 into the supra-plunger space of the tubing 3. The liquid flows to the surface during plunger 1 up.

 In the proposed installation, the level of bending stresses outside the drum 7 is reduced by 2-3 times, and the number of cycles of loading the tape 8 by bending stresses when using the device for fixing the vertical position of the tape 8, which helps to move the frame 6 as the tape is unwound, unwound, is reduced by 3 times. Contact stresses in the tape 8 in some installation options (Figs. 1 and 5) are completely absent, and in other versions (Figs. 3 and 4) they are reduced by 3-5 times in comparison with the analogue. Since the tape 8 works on fatigue in a corrosive environment, the reduction of loading cycles and lower load levels allows you to increase the time of operation of the tape 8 and the installation as a whole.

 The installation (Fig. 1) can function in normal modes, for example, when moving the plunger 1 down and up at the same speeds and with the same length S of the stroke of the plunger 1 up and down.

 However, the reverse drive can be equipped with additional control means that can reduce additional loads on the tape 8, as well as increase the productivity of the lifting fluid. During one operation cycle (downward stroke and upward movement corresponds to one cycle), the movement mode of the plunger 1 can be changed depending on the technical and operational characteristics of the well 4, which cannot be achieved in installations with a short stroke length S of the plunger 1, for example, from a swinging drive.

 When pumping a low-viscosity fluid or pumping it out with a worn-out pump after its long operation, when there are increased fluid leaks between the plunger 1 and the pipe 3, it is advisable to increase the speed of the plunger 1 upwards and, accordingly, lower its speed of descent, in order to raise more liquid over the same duration of the cycle. . Leaks occur only during the rise of the plunger 1, therefore, the faster it rises, the less fluid will flow from the above-plunger space to the sub-plunger. The lifting speed of the plunger 1 may be in the range of 0.8-1.8 m / s, and the speed of descent in the range of less than 0.8 m / s. The upper limit of the rise of the plunger is determined by the technical characteristics of the reverse drive and tape 8.

In order to reduce the dynamic loads on the belt 8 arising at the beginning of the down stroke and especially at the beginning of the up stroke, the rise speed and the descent speed of the plunger 1 should increase smoothly. There should also be smooth braking at the end of the stroke up and down. In known installations (rocking machines), the increase and deceleration of the speed occurs according to a sinusoidal law, which leads to increased dynamic loads. In our case, you can set any acceleration (braking) of the movement of the plunger 1. For example, it is advisable to use acceleration or braking of not more than 1 m / s ² .

 In wells 4 with a large amount of gas (high gas content of liquid), it is advisable to gradually increase the ascent rate in order to use the effect of supporting the plunger 1 with a gas plug, which allows to reduce the tensile load on the tape 8. In this case, the ascent rate of the plunger 1 should be equal to the rate of ascent of gas bubbles in liquids. In this case, gas bubbles accumulate under the plunger 1 and support it, reducing the load on the tape 8 from the weight of the liquid column lifted by the plunger 1.

 If the speed of the plunger 1 is greater, then the accumulation of gas under the plunger 1 will be correspondingly less, and the load on the belt 8 and the reverse drive will increase. If the speed of the plunger 1 is less, then the gas pressure under the plunger 1 will be greater than the pressure of the liquid column on the plunger 1, and gas will break out from under the plunger 1 up. The equality of the speeds of the plunger 1 and the emergence of gas bubbles provides a minimum load on the tape 8 during the upward movement and the minimum energy consumption for lifting the liquid. The lifting speed of the plunger 1 in this case can be selected experimentally from the minimum load on the tape 8, measured by the device at the wellhead 4.

 When the unit is operating with the plunger 1 leaving the dynamic fluid level, it is advisable to lower the plunger 1 in the section from the top dead center to the liquid level in the pipe 3 at an increased speed, and when the plunger 1 enters the liquid and descends into the liquid, it should be reduced. This makes it possible to reduce the duration of one cycle and increase the daily number of cycles, that is, increase the productivity of the installation. In addition, the operating conditions of the tape 8 are improved - the amplitude of the load change during the installation cycle is reduced.

 In deep wells (more than 2500 m) with a low dynamic level (more than 2300 m), the strength of the tape 8 may be insufficient for pumping pumping with the same length S of the plunger up and down (or there will be large leaks). In this case, it is advisable to periodically change the length S of the stroke of the plunger 1. With a small length S of the stroke of the plunger 1, for example 100 m, 500-1000 m of liquid column are intermediate pumped, and then the plunger 1 is raised to the mouth and cycles of movement of the plunger 1 with the stroke length S 2500 m.

 This is similar in wells 4, where paraffin is deposited on pipes 3. If paraffin deposits are, for example, from 800 m to the mouth, and plunger 1 operates in the range of 900-1100 m, then periodically (depending on the intensity of deposition), plunger 1 is raised to the mouth (for example, 2 times a day or 2-3 times per week) to remove paraffin.

 In wells 4 with a slow influx of fluid from the formation, it is advisable to establish a temporary pause in each cycle of the movement of the plunger 1 to accumulate fluid in the annulus. A temporary pause between the movements of the plunger 1 may be from 1 minute to 10 or more minutes.

 In known installations, such wells 4 are operated periodically (the installation is shut down for several hours). The advantage of introducing a pause in each cycle is that in this case, the accumulation of fluid is faster, since a higher depression on the formation is maintained.

 The duration of the pause and the place of the plunger 1, where its progress is delayed, depends on the characteristics of the well 4. The smaller the inflow, the longer the pause. The selection of the pause time delay can be carried out empirically: a fixed pause duration is set and the flow rate of the well 4 is measured, then the temporary pause is increased, and the flow rate is measured again. If the flow rate has increased, then the pause is increased again, etc. As a result, the operation of the installation is optimized according to some criterion. For example, according to the specific consumption of electricity (kW • h / t of extracted oil) or specific oil production (t of extracted oil / 100 kW • h).

 Means for changing the speed of movement of the plunger 1, the length S of its stroke, holding the time pause are not the subject of the present invention, as they are known. So, for example, the length S of the stroke of the plunger 1 is changed using any counter of the number of revolutions of the drum 7, and a temporary pause is set by a timer.

 The indicated possible modes of operation of the equipment should be used precisely in long-running deep pump installations, during the operation of which the effects described above are achieved.

 Special requirements in long-running deep pump installations are also imposed on the borehole pump, since in order to take advantage of the large stroke of the plunger 1, it is advisable to use the inner surface of the tubing pipe 3 as its cylinder. However, the tubing 3 has large tolerances of linear diameters, possess relatively large ellipticity, when joining pipe sections 3 for large depths, their coaxiality and uniformity of joints are violated, in the process the inner surface of the pipe 3 and the outer cylindrical surface of the plunger 1, which leads to a decrease in compression, and also when the plunger 1 moves, the tape 8 periodically experiences various dynamic loads associated with the imperfection of the inner surface of the pipe 3, which leads to a decrease in the life of the tape 8 .

 The well pump according to the invention (Fig. 6-13) contains a cylinder 30, a receiving valve 13 (Fig. 1) mounted on it, a plunger 1 mounted inside the cylinder 30, made hollow with an annular groove 31 on its outer surface facing cylinder 30, a discharge valve 24 (Fig. 1) mounted on the plunger 1. The device also has at least three dies 32 (Fig. 6-9,12,13) installed along the radii in the annular groove 31 of the plunger 1 with the formation of longitudinal the gaps between them, a spring 33 installed in the annular groove 31 between the image surface of the dies 32 which is connected to the axis of the plunger 1 and the outer cylindrical surface of the annular groove 31 with the possibility of radial movement of the dies 32. Each of the dies 32 is made with radial 34 and axial 35 shelves, and their surface facing the cylinder 30 is made with a curvature equal to the curvature of the inner diameter cylinder 30. The device contains at least three pads 36 (Fig. 6-11,13 installed with the formation of longitudinal gaps between them on the radial 34 and axial 35 shelves of radially adjacent dies 32 with the possibility of overlapping longitudinal gaps between the dies 32. A part of the outer surface of the lining 36 facing the cylinder 30 is made with a curvature equal to the curvature of the inner diameter of the cylinder 30, and this part in the planes of its conjugation with the dies 32 adjacent along the radius coincides with the outer surfaces of these dies facing the cylinder 30 32. Opposite the radial shelves 34 of the dies 32, the ends 37 and 38 of the pads 36 and the dies 32 are located in the same radial plane. The pads 36 are mounted on the dies 32 with the possibility of their movement in the radial direction and are spring-loaded through the dies 32 to the inner surface of the cylinder 30. In FIG. 6-13 show a variant with four radially arranged dies 32 and with four pads 36.

 The plunger 1 (Fig. 1) is designed to be installed inside the tubing 3 of the well 4, which serves as its cylinder 30. The bushings 39 (Fig. 6-10) are introduced, mounted on the plunger 1 and made [-shaped longitudinal section with the formation of a visor 40 in the form of a ring. The diameter of the outer surface of the bushings 39 is chosen smaller than the diameter of the outer surface facing the cylinder 30 formed by all radially adjacent dies 32 and plates 36. Each of the dies 32 (Fig. 12) is made of a ┴-shaped longitudinal section, and the bushings 39 (Fig. 6) are installed from opposite ends 38 of the dies 32, and their visors 40 are directed towards each other in the longitudinal direction. Each of the pads 36 (Fig. 11,13) along the longitudinal axis is made ├┤-shaped and installed with the approach of its radial parts 41 on the radial 34 and axial 35 shelves (Fig. 12,13) of the ┴-shaped die 32, and the longitudinal a portion of the ├┤-shaped plate 35 is placed in the longitudinal gap between the dies 32. Each of the plates 35 is made with a step 42, which is installed inside the visor ring 40 of the sleeve 39 with an axial clearance between its end and the radial part of the sleeve 39. On the outer surface of the plate 36 facing the cylinder 30 and the visor 40 of the sleeve 39, a chamfer 43 is made.

 The dies 32 and the pads 36, spring-loaded with springs 33, can also be installed sequentially along the longitudinal axis in the same annular groove 31 of the plunger 1 (Fig. 6) and are identical to the dies 32 and the pads 36 located along the radii. For this option, an intermediate sleeve 44 is introduced, mounted on the plunger 1 and made of an I-shaped longitudinal section with the formation of annular visors 45 facing opposite to each other. The ledges 42 facing each other along the longitudinal axis of the plates 36 are mounted inside their annular visors 45 of the intermediate sleeve 44 with an axial clearance between the ends of the ledges 42 and the radial part of the intermediate sleeve 44. On the outer surface of each plate 36 facing the cylinder 30 and the annular peak 45 , chamfer 43 completed.

 The installation of the dies 32 and pads 36 in several rows along the longitudinal axis of the plunger allows you to get a large total surface of the plunger 1, providing high compression. At the same time, the rams 32 and linings 36 have high radial mobility and the ability to eliminate the effects of cylinder defects 30, such as misalignment, ellipticity, internal diameter mismatch, etc. for tightness. Chamfer 43 is a lead-in for pads 36 and allows you to reduce the dynamic effects on the tape 8 when any of the pads 36 enter the inhomogeneity, while the pads 36 are mounted with their radial parts (Fig. 13) from two sides in the longitudinal direction relative to the radial part ┴- shaped plate 32, it provides a smooth movement of the plunger 1 and up and down. The rows of dies 32 and plates 36 are pulled together in the longitudinal direction by a nut (not shown in FIG. 6) with an axial clearance between the sleeve 39 and the ends 37, 38 of the plates 36 and dies 32, respectively, the axial clearance is selected at about 0.5 mm to provide mobility dies 32 and pads 36 in the axial direction. As the inner surface of the cylinder 30 and the outer surfaces of the linings 36 and rams 36 wear due to the action of the spring 33, the rams 32 and linings 36 move until the radial clearance between the ledge 42 and the visor ring 40 is completely selected, constantly ensuring a tight fit of the outer surfaces of the rams 32 and linings 36 to the cylinder 30. The visor 40 also prevents parts from falling out when the plunger 1 is removed from the tubing 2.

 Studies have shown that the number of dies 32 and linings 36 installed along the radius, it is advisable to choose from 3 to 6 pieces, and the number of such rows along the longitudinal axis of the plunger 1 can be from 5 to 20 or more, depending on the depth of the well 4 and the defective pipe 3 .

 A bent pin 46 can also be inserted (Figs. 9, 10), the end of which is fixed in the visor 40 of the [-shaped sleeve 39 or in the annular visor 45 of the intermediate sleeve 44, and the other end on its radial part. On the side of one end 37 of the lining 36 on its longitudinal axis in the ledge 42, a slot 47 is made (Fig. 11), and the bent pin 46 is installed with a gap in the slot 47 of the ledge 42 (Fig. 10.

 A bent pin 46 mounted in the longitudinal gap between the dies 32 and in the slots 47 of the pads 36 prevents the pads 36 from rotating together with the dies 32 about the longitudinal axis of the plunger 1 and provides guaranteed longitudinal gaps between them within which they can move around the longitudinal axis. In the general case, the bent pin 46 may be absent, then the width of the longitudinal gaps is chosen so that when offset about the longitudinal axis of the rams 32 and the linings 36 towards one generatrix of the cylinder 30, the linings 36 would overlap the longitudinal gaps of the rams 32.

 The well pump operates as follows.

 When the plunger 1 moves upward (Fig. 1), the pressure under it decreases, and the liquid is sucked through the inlet valve 13. Since at this time, the high pressure of the ram 32 and the linings 36 pressed against the inner surface of the cylinder 30 move down to the ends 37, 38 (FIGS. 6, 11-13) touch the radial part of the sleeve 39 and the radial part of the intermediate sleeve 44. The liquid passage is closed between the outer surface of the plunger 1 and the inner surface of the cylinder 30 due to the tight fit of the surfaces of the cylinder 30 and the dies 32 off kami 36, at the joints between these plates 36, and the axial clearance in the cylindrical groove 31 - due to pressing against the radial part of the sleeve 39 and the radial part of the intermediate sleeve 44 at the same time those ends 37 of the trim 36 and the ends 38 of the die 32, which are made without slots 47. To improve the compression of the lining 36 and the die 32, it is advisable to arrange so that the slots 47 were facing the top of the plunger 1.

 When the plunger 1 moves down (FIG. 1), the discharge valve 24 opens and the inlet valve 13 closes. The pressure in the sub- and supra-plunger space is equalized, the dies 32 and linings 36 move upward within the axial clearance, and fluid flows into the supra-plunger space. Then the cycle repeats.

 Due to the implementation of the dies 32 and linings 36 with the described external surface shape, it is possible to ensure a high compression value and at the same time reduce the influence of inhomogeneities of the inner surface of the tubing 2 on the tape 8 when moving the plunger 1.

 Special requirements for ensuring automatic tracking of the tension of the tape 8 are imposed on the reverse drive. If it is hydraulic, it is possible to place only the hydraulic motor 9 on the frame 6, and move the pumping station 10 with controls outside the base 5 and frame 6, reducing the weight of its load and ensuring its mobility.

 Functional diagram of the hydraulic actuator shown in FIG. 14, is not the only possible, but clearly demonstrates the achievement of the claimed technical result.

 The hydraulic drive of the well-pumping unit contains a hydraulic motor 9, kinematically connected, in particular through a drive shaft, with a drum 7, on which a pulling tape 8 is wound with a plunger 1 suspended from it (not shown in Fig. 14). Sensors 49 of the number of revolutions of the drum 7 are connected to the drive shaft, according to the commands (signals) of which the modes of the reversible hydraulic pump are switched in a known manner.

 The hydraulic motor 9 is hydraulically connected to an adjustable hydraulic pump 50 to form a closed hydraulic system having a pressure hydraulic line 51 and a suction hydraulic line 52. The hydraulic pump 50 is reversible with a mode change mechanism having control chambers 53, 54, the first 53 of which are connected to the first output of a three-position two-way valve 55 .

 The hydraulic actuator is made with a constantly closed brake 56 mounted on a hydraulic motor 9, hydraulically controlled from the working pressure of the pressure hydraulic line through an adjustable throttle 57 with a check valve 58.

 The hydraulic drive control system is designed to change the modes (DIRECT STROKE, NEUTRAL and REVERSE) of the operation of the hydraulic pump 50 and to ensure the regulation of the flow of the working fluid. The control system together with a reversible adjustable hydraulic pump 50 is located in the pumping station 10 separately from the hydraulic motor 9 and the drum 7.

 The control system has a hydraulic pump 59, the input of which is connected to the hydraulic tank 60, and the output is through check valves 61 with the corresponding input of the reversible hydraulic pump 50 and with the first input of the three-position two-way valve 55, the second input of which is connected with the hydraulic tank 60.

 To ensure reliable and safe operation of the hydraulic actuator in automatic mode, the system is equipped with three hydraulically controlled drain valves 63 - 65, made with pressure regulators 66 - 68. The pressure regulators of the said valves 63 - 65 are adjusted accordingly the first (63) - to a pressure equivalent to the permissible load for tapes 9, the second - to the pressure corresponding to the minimum load created when the plunger 1 of the downhole pump moves up, the third - to the pressure corresponding to the load applied to the tape 8 when the movement of the plunger 1 downhole pump.

 The inputs of the drain valves 63 - 65 are connected to the pressure hydraulic line 51 of the closed hydraulic system, the controlled cavities of the drain valves 63.64 are connected to the hydraulic tank 60, and the third drain valve 65 to the camera 54 of the control mechanism for changing the modes of the reversible hydraulic pump 50, the first camera 53 of which is connected to the second the output of the said valve 55 through an adjustable pressure valve 69, the control cavity of which is in communication with the pressure hydraulic line 51 of the closed hydraulic system.

 To increase the reliability of the hydraulic system by ensuring a stable installation of the hydraulic pump in the NEUTRAL position, the output of the hydraulic pump 59 of the control system is communicated with the control cavity of the adjustable pressure valve 69 through the OR valve 70.

 The hydraulic well-pumping unit operates as follows.

 When the valve 55 is turned on to the right (according to the above diagram, Fig. 14) to the DIRECT STROKE position, the working fluid under pressure from the hydraulic pump 59 enters the control chamber 53 of the mechanism for changing the modes of the reversible hydraulic pump 50, thereby including the hydraulic pump 50 for supplying the flow of the working fluid to the hydraulic motor 9 providing for the rotation of the drum 7, for example, in the direction of lifting the plunger 1 of the downhole pump. In this case, the working fluid from the control chamber 54 of the mechanism for changing the modes of the reversible hydraulic pump 50 through the valve 55 enters the hydraulic tank 60.

 If the pressure of the working fluid in the pressure line 51 does not exceed the pressure set by the drain valve 63, but not less than the pressure set by the pressure regulators 67, 68 of the valves 64 and 65, then all three drain valves are closed. Accordingly, the pressure of the working fluid of the pressure hydraulic line 51 through the OR valve 70 is transmitted to the control chamber of the valve 69 and helps to keep this valve in the closed position, thereby supporting the mechanism for changing the modes of the reversible hydraulic pump 50 in the DIRECT STROKE position. Thus, the hydraulic drive stably operates in the DIRECT STROKE mode, corresponding to the rise of the plunger 1.

 If the pressure of the working fluid in the pressure line 51 is higher than the pressure that the valve 63 is set to, that is, to the maximum allowable, the valve 63 opens and relieves the pressure of the working fluid in the hydraulic line 51 to the drain pressure (when moving uphill, i.e. in DIRECT STROKE). In this case, the brake 56, which is, in particular, a hydraulic cylinder, is included in the operation, namely, its piston, under the action of the spring force 71, starts to squeeze out the working fluid. The piston rod acts on the brake element and stops the hydraulic motor 9 and the associated drum 48. At the same time, the OR valve 70 connects the control cavity of the valve 69 to the output of the hydraulic pump 59, thereby short-circuiting the control of the reversible hydraulic pump 50, that is, it communicates both chambers 53 and 54 with drain pressure. As a result of this, the mode change mechanism sets the reversing hydraulic pump to the NEUTRAL position.

 If the pressure of the working fluid when the plunger 1 moves up decreases to a value less than the pressure that the valve 64 is adjusted to and which corresponds to the minimum mass of the piston 1 suspended from the traction belt 8, then the valve 64 will open and also relieve the pressure of the working fluid in the pressure hydraulic line 51 to the drain pressure (when the piston 1 moves up, the setting pressure for valves 64 and 65 is the same, and when moving down, the pressure at valve 65 is higher due to the additional influence of the working fluid pressure from the hydraulic pump 59 entering the controlled cavity of the valve 65). This "emergency" state in the hydraulic drive can occur in the event of a break in the tape 8 and reduce the load on the drum 7 to a minimum.

 When the pressure of the working fluid in the pressure line 51 to the drain pressure decreases, the brake 56 is activated and stops the hydraulic motor 9 and the associated drum 48, while the valve 70 OR connects the valve 69 to the output of the hydraulic pump 59, thereby opening this valve 69 and closing the system controlling the reversible hydraulic pump 50 shortly, while communicating chambers 53 and 54 with drain pressure. As a result of this, the mode change mechanism sets the reversing hydraulic pump to the NEUTRAL position.

 When the valve 55 is turned on to the left (according to the diagram, Fig. 14) into the REVERSE position, the working fluid under pressure from the hydraulic pump 59 enters the chamber 54 of the mechanism for changing the modes of the hydraulic pump 50, thereby including the hydraulic pump 50 for supplying the flow of the working fluid to the hydraulic motor 9, which rotates the drum 7 in the direction of the descent of the plunger 1 of the downhole pump. The working fluid from the chamber 53 through the valve 55 enters the hydraulic tank 60, thereby supporting the mechanism for changing modes in the REVERSE position. At the same time, the controlled cavity of the valve 65 also communicates with the output of the hydraulic pump 59, thereby increasing the steady state of this valve due to the increased pressure of the working fluid in the controlled cavity compared to the pressure of the working fluid in the controlled cavity of the valve 64. This condition is necessary in order to so that the "emergency" control mode for stopping the hydraulic actuator during the descent of the plunger 1 corresponds to a higher level of pressure of the working fluid in the pressure hydraulic line 51 with increasing resistance the movement of the plunger 1 in the pipe 3 of the well 4 (Fig. 1) than in the case when the tape 8 broke. This setting of the valve 65 protects the tape 8 from mechanical destruction, since the hydraulic actuator will automatically stop as soon as the pressure starts to decrease when the plunger 1 is released on the down stroke instead of increasing due to the increase in the weight of the load from an increase, for example, the length of the tape 8 during the down stroke, when there is no resistance to the movement of the plunger 1 of the well pump.

 Thus, if the pressure during the descent of the plunger 1 decreases to the pressure of the working medium that the valve 65 is set to, then it will open, thereby reporting the pressure hydraulic line 51 with the hydraulic tank 60. In this case, the brake cylinder 56 is turned on, namely, it the piston under the action of the force of the spring 71 begins to squeeze the working fluid and through the rod to act on the brake element, which in turn stops the hydraulic motor 9 and the associated drum 7.

 The use of the installation for lifting liquid from the well, the method of its operation, the downhole pump and hydraulic drive can improve reliability, productivity and temporary non-failure life.

 Most successfully, the invention can be used in the oil industry.

Claims (28)

 1. Installation for lifting liquid from the well, containing a plunger, wellhead stuffing box, designed to be installed at the entrance to the well pipe, a base, a frame mounted on it, a drum mounted on the frame with the possibility of rotation around the axis of rotation, a tape spirally wound on a drum mounted at one end and the other passing through a wellhead seal connected to a plunger designed to accommodate it in the well pipe, a reverse drive connected to the drum with the possibility of unwinding and winding on its tape, characterized in that the base is provided with guides, and the frame is arranged to move along them and with the possibility of simultaneous movement of the axis of rotation of the drum in the transverse direction relative to the vertical when unwinding or winding the tape on the drum to maintain the vertical position of the tape in the area between the mouth seal and the place of its exit from the drum when unwinding the tape from it and to maintain the vertical position of the tape in the area between the wellhead seal and the place of its entry onto the drum n when wrapping tape around it. 2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the length S of the stroke of the plunger in the well pipe is selected no more than a value obtained from a mathematical expression

where π is a constant equal to 3.141593 ...,
D _{with p} - the average diameter of the tape winding on the drum from the initial diameter D _{m i n} to the final diameter D _{m a x} equal to (D _{m i n} + D _{m a x} ) / 2,
H is the height from the wellhead seal to the place of descent of the tape on the drum,
E is the elastic modulus of the tape material,
σ _{rast the} tension of the tape from its stretching,
[σ] permissible stress for a tape operating under cyclic loads,
δ is the thickness of the tape.  3. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the frame is equipped with wheels, the guides are made in the form of rails and the wheels are mounted on rails.  4. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the frame is equipped with wheels, the guides are made in the form of gutters and the wheels are installed in the gutters. 5. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that when the length S of the stroke of the plunger in the well pipe is greater than the value obtained from the mathematical expression

a device for fixing the vertical position of the tape is introduced, which is configured to save the movement of the axis of rotation of the drum for said maintaining the vertical position of the tape and to limit the movement of the axis of rotation of the drum in the transverse direction when combining the said vertical position of the tape with the vertical axis of the wellhead seal.  6. Installation according to claim 5, characterized in that the device for fixing the vertical position of the tape is made of a rack with a roller designed to be placed above the well pipe so that the vertical tangent of the circumference of the roller is aligned with the vertical axis of the wellhead seal and with the vertical tangent of the circumference of the drum, located at the place of descent of the tape on the drum, and the guides are installed at an angle to the vertical with the possibility of moving the frame under the action of gravity to the vertical axis of the wellhead seal.  7. Installation according to claim 6, characterized in that the guides are installed with the possibility of changing the said angle.  8. Installation according to claim 7, characterized in that the frame is equipped with wheels, the rails are made in the form of rails and the wheels are mounted on them, gaskets designed for installation between the base and the rails are introduced.  9. Installation according to claim 7, characterized in that the frame is equipped with wheels, the guides are made in the form of grooves and the wheels are installed in the grooves, gaskets or a jack are introduced for installation between the base and its support to change the angle of the base to the horizontal.  10. The installation according to claim 5, characterized in that the device for fixing the vertical position of the tape is made of a rack with a roller designed to be placed above the well pipe so that the vertical tangent of the circumference of the roller is aligned with the vertical axis of the wellhead seal and with the vertical tangent of the circumference of the drum, located at the place of descent of the tape on the drum, the guides are installed at right angles to the vertical, introduced the load, the block mounted on the base, and a flexible element, and one end of the flexible element is closed eplen on the frame, and the other unit is connected through a load, the frame is movable to a vertical axis wellhead stuffing box under the action of gravity of the cargo. 11. Installation according to claim 5, characterized in that the frame is equipped with wheels mounted on guides, the device for fixing the vertical position of the tape is made of a gearbox kinematically connecting the drum shaft with the axles of the wheels with the possibility of rotation of them and the drum in one direction, the gear ratio i gear selected from the ratio
i = πd / δ
where i is the ratio of the frequency of rotation of the drum to the frequency of rotation of the wheel,
π constant equal to 3.141593 ...,
d is the diameter of the wheel;
δ tape thickness.  12. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the reverse drive is made of hydraulic from a hydraulic motor and a pump station, interconnected by hoses, while the hydraulic motor is mounted on the frame, and the pump station is outside the frame.  13. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the reverse drive is made adjustable with the ability to change the speed of unwinding or winding the tape onto the drum to change the speed of the plunger in the well pipe when moving it down or to change the speed of the plunger when moving it up to the wellhead oil seal.  14. A method of lifting fluid from a well, including unwinding and winding the tape onto a drum, one end of which is connected to the plunger and the other fixed to the drum, the plunger being installed in the well pipe and the tape passing through the wellhead and, when unwinding, winding the tape onto the drum is informed to the plunger at least one cycle of the plunger up and down or up and down, corresponding to unwinding and winding the tape on the drum, characterized in that when unwinding and winding the tape on the drum it is forced to animate the vertical position in the area between the wellhead and the place where the tape descends to the drum, and the plunger moves at its downward speed and the plunger moves at its upward movement in at least one cycle.  15. The method according to 14, characterized in that the plunger moves upward at a higher maximum speed than when it moves downward.  16. The method according to 14, characterized in that the plunger moves downward with such acceleration at the beginning of its stroke, in which the increment of speed does not exceed the average speed of the plunger.  17. The method according to 14, characterized in that the plunger moves upward with such acceleration at the beginning of its stroke and with such braking at the end of its stroke, which are less than with the sinusoidal law of movement of the plunger.  18. The method according to 14, characterized in that the depth of the plunger moves down with its approach for the dynamic level of the fluid in the well and the plunger moves down at a faster speed than when the plunger enters the fluid, while the speed of the plunger in the fluid is selected less than or equal to the rate of free fall of the plunger in said fluid.  19. The method according to 14, characterized in that between each of the stroke cycles of the plunger withstand a temporary pause.  20. The method according to 14, characterized in that they change the stroke length of the plunger in one cycle relative to another.  21. The method according to p. 20, characterized in that the plunger is lowered down to a large length of its stroke in the well pipe, at least one plunger stroke cycle is made up and down from a large plunger stroke depth to a selected intermediate length, then the plunger is raised higher the selected intermediate length and produce at least one cycle of the plunger stroke up and down with a plunger stroke length greater than the selected intermediate length.  22. The method according to claim 20, characterized in that when raising the paraffin-containing fluid, the plunger is lowered down by a stroke length in the well pipe greater than the depth of deposition of paraffin, successive cycles of the plunger move up and down at a depth greater than the depth of deposition of paraffin and then the plunger is raised up to the wellhead to remove paraffin.  23. The method according to claim 20, characterized in that when the carbonated liquid rises, the plunger travels upward speed equal to the rate of ascent of gas bubbles in the liquid. 24. A well pump comprising a cylinder, a suction valve installed on it, a plunger installed inside the cylinder, made hollow with an annular groove on its outer surface facing the cylinder, a pressure valve installed on the plunger, at least three dies installed on the radii in the annular groove of the plunger with the formation of longitudinal gaps between them, a spring installed in the annular groove between the surface of the dies facing the axis of the plunger and the outer cylindrical surface of the annular groove and with the possibility of radial movement of the dies, each of the dies made with radial and axial shelves, and their surface facing the cylinder is made with a curvature equal to the curvature of the inner surface of the cylinder, at least three pads installed with the formation of longitudinal gaps between them on the radial and axial flanges of radially adjacent dies with the possibility of overlapping longitudinal gaps between the dies, and a part of the outer surface of the plates facing the cylinder is made with a curvature equal to the internal curvature the surface of the cylinder, and this part in the planes of its conjugation with the dies neighboring in radius is made coinciding with the outer surfaces of the dies facing the cylinder, the ends of the plates and dies opposite the radial shelves of the dies are located in the same radial plane, and the plates are mounted on the dies with the possibility radial movement and spring-loaded through the dies to the inner surface of the cylinder, characterized in that the plunger is designed to be installed inside the tubing pipes of the well, which serves as its cylinder, bushings are installed on the plunger and made

-shaped longitudinal section with the formation of a visor in the form of a ring, the diameter of the outer surface of the bushings is chosen smaller than the diameter of the outer surface facing the cylinder, formed by all dies and overlays radially adjacent, each of the dies is made of a ⊥-shaped longitudinal section, and the bushings are installed from opposite the ends of the dies and their visors in the longitudinal direction are directed to each other, each of the plates along the longitudinal axis is made ├┤-shaped and installed with the radial parts of the radial и -shaped and axial flanges of the ⊥-shaped plate, and the longitudinal part of the размещ-shaped plate is placed in the longitudinal gap between the plates, each of the plates is made with a ledge, which is installed inside the sleeve visor ring with an axial clearance between its end and the radial part of the sleeve, and the outer surface of the lining facing the cylinder and the visor of the sleeve is chamfered. 25. The well pump according to paragraph 24, wherein the introduced bent pin, one end of which is fixed inside the visor

-shaped sleeve, and the other on its radial part, from one end of the lining on its longitudinal axis in the ledge, a slot is made, and a curved pin is installed in the slot of the ledge of the lining. 26. The well pump according to paragraph 24, wherein the dies and pads, spring-loaded with their springs, are also installed sequentially along the longitudinal axis in one annular groove of the plunger and are identical to the dies and pads installed along the radius, an intermediate sleeve mounted on the ring plunger groove and executed $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{┬}}{\text{┴}}$ -shaped longitudinal section with the formation of annular visors facing each other oppositely, facing each other ledges adjacent along the longitudinal axis of the plates installed inside their annular visors of the intermediate sleeve with an axial clearance between the ends of the ledges and the radial part of the intermediate sleeve, and on the outer surface of each lining facing the cylinder and the annular visor, a chamfer is made. 27. The well pump according to claim 26, characterized in that a curved pin is inserted, one end of which is fixed inside the annular visor $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{┬}}{\text{┴}}$ -shaped sleeve, and the other on its radial part, from one end of the lining on its longitudinal axis in the ledge made a slot and a curved pin is installed in the slot ledge of the lining.  28. The hydraulic drive of the well-pumping unit, comprising a hydraulic motor kinematically connected to a drum connected by means of a tape to the plunger of the well pump and hydraulically to an adjustable hydraulic pump with the possibility of forming a closed hydraulic system, and a control system having a controlled three-position two-line directional control valve with DIRECT STROKE, NEUTRAL and REVERSE, moreover, the control elements of the said control valve are connected to the drum revolution sensors, characterized in that it is equipped with a hydra influentially controlled by a brake mechanism, and an adjustable hydraulic pump is made reversible with a mode change mechanism having control chambers, the first of which is connected to the first output of the said valve, and the control system is equipped with a hydraulic pump, the input of which is connected to the hydraulic tank, and the output through check valves with the corresponding input reversible hydraulic pump and with the first inlet of the said control valve, the second inlet of which is connected to the hydraulic tank, and three hydraulically controlled drain valves made with pressure regulators installed, respectively, the first - to the pressure equivalent to the allowable load for the flexible link of the drum, the second - to the pressure corresponding to the minimum load created when the plunger of the borehole pump moves up, the third - to the pressure corresponding to the load applied to the flexible link of the drum when the plunger of the downhole pump moves downward, while the inputs of the drain valves are connected to the pressure hydraulic line of a closed hydraulic system, the controlled cavities of the first and second drain the valves are in communication with the hydraulic tank, and the third - with the second control chamber of the mechanism for changing the modes of the reversible hydraulic pump, the first chamber of which is connected to the second output of the said control valve through an adjustable pressure valve, the control cavity of which is connected to the pressure hydraulic line of the closed hydraulic system and to the output of the hydraulic pump of the control system through the OR valve while the brake mechanism is hydraulically connected to the pressure hydraulic line of a closed hydraulic system with the possibility of inclusion with a decrease in working pressure in a pressure head hydraulic line.

Images