RU2108488C1 - Vortex machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering; vortex pumps and compressors. SUBSTANCE: vortex machine has housing with working channel whose input and output are placed in communication with input and output branch pipes, respectively, with divider placed in between, and impeller with blades. Central conical cowl with vane flow straightener is installed in output branch pipe. Flow straightener is mounted in base of cone. Output branch pipe in conical cowl section is made with increased area of meridional section in direction of flow. EFFECT: enlarged operating capabilities. 2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to a pump and compressor engineering, and in particular to designs of vortex type pumps and compressors.

 Known vortex machine containing an impeller on which the blades are evenly distributed around the circumference, a working channel located in the housing and forming a vortex chamber with blades. The suction and discharge sections of the channel are separated by a partition called a separator (IM Virshubsky et al. Vortex compressors: -L .: Engineering, 1988).

The principle of operation of a vortex machine is as follows. The working medium enters the suction section of the working channel, and then into the interscapular channels of the impeller. The suction of the working medium into the interscapular channels is carried out under the action of centrifugal forces due to the continuity of the flow. Here, the conversion of the mechanical energy of the engine into the energy of the working environment. Under the action of centrifugal forces, particles of the working medium are ejected into the working channel of the vortex machine, where the kinetic energy of the working medium stream is converted into potential pressure energy. The tangential velocity of the particles decreases, they begin to lag behind the impeller and after a certain period of time again fall into the interscapular channels of the impeller. Thus, in the vortex chamber, consisting of interscapular channels of the impeller and the working channel, a vortex motion is formed, which is characterized by circulating V _Ω and axial Cug velocities of the working medium. In this case, the blades of the impeller of a vortex machine, unlike other dynamic compression machines, affect the particles of the working medium not once, but several times. This ensures a much greater pressure in vortex machines than, for example, in centrifugal ones.

 Known vortex machine, selected as a prototype, containing a housing with inlet and outlet nozzles, between which there is a separator, an impeller with blades mounted in the housing for rotation, and the working channel is made in the housing (A.S. USSR N 1250730, class F 04 D 29/40, 1985).

 This vortex machine works in the same way as described previously.

 A disadvantage of the known vortex machines is the low efficiency, due to the fact that the dynamic part of the pressure of the vortex flow at the exit of the vortex machine is not useful, and later turns into useless heat.

Indeed, the working medium coming from the working channel, in accordance with the law of conservation of moment of inertia, acquires an impulse in the impeller proportional to the difference between the speeds of the impeller and the speed of the working medium in the vortex channel:
I = 2 (Um - Cuf),
where I is the momentum;
Um is the peripheral speed of the impeller;
Cug is the axial velocity of the working medium in the vortex channel.

To determine the circulation velocity of the vortex, which uniquely connects the ratio of the wheel parameters to the parameters of the vortex chamber, we have the following dependence:
2 (Um-Cug) Dm = V _Ω tp = V _Ω d _Ω ,
where tp is the pitch of the impeller blades;
d _{Ω is the} diameter of the vortex chamber;
Dm is the average diameter of the impeller;
V _Ω is the circulation velocity in the vortex chamber.

In this case, the pitch of the impeller vanes tp is chosen approximately equal to the diameter of the vortex chamber d _Ω .

The circulation speed is:
V _Ω = 2 (Um-Cug) Dm / d _Ω ,.

The total pressure of the vortex machine is the sum of the static and dynamic pressure of the vortex flow:
Hн = Hp + Hv = V _Ω / g + V _Ω / 2g,
where Hн - full pressure;
Hp - static pressure;
Hv - dynamic pressure.

Hence the useful head, which is the main characteristic of a vortex machine and consisting of a static head, is:
Hp = 2/3 Hn.

 Thus, a third of the pressure is not used well and turns into heat, therefore, to increase the efficiency of the vortex machine, it is necessary to influence the structure of the output stream, converting it into a vortex-free axial flow.

 To do this, in a vortex machine containing a housing in which the working channel is made, the input and output of which are in communication with the inlet and outlet nozzles, between which there is a spacer, an impeller with blades mounted rotatably in the housing, a central cone is installed in the outlet a cowl with a blade straightener installed at the base of the cone, and in the area of the cone cowl, the outlet pipe is made with an increase in the area of the meridional section in the direction of two stream flow.

 In addition, to ensure a better flow structure, the central cone fairing is equipped with fixed blades mounted in a spiral.

 In FIG. 1 shows a cross section of a vortex machine; in FIG. 2 - scan of the flow part of the vortex machine.

 The vortex machine contains an impeller 1 with blades 2, mounted in the housing 3, in which a peripheral-lateral working channel is made, covering the interscapular channel of the impeller 1 from above and from the side. The working and interscapular channels form a vortex chamber 4. The outlet 5 is a natural extension of the vortex camera 4 and contains a Central conical fairing 6 with a blade rectifier apparatus 7 installed in the base of the cone. Moreover, in the section of the central conical fairing 6, the outlet 5 is made with an increase in the area of the meridional section in the direction of flow. The Central conical fairing 6 can be equipped with fixed blades 8.

 During the operation of the vortex machine, the working medium from the inlet pipe enters the working channel and then to the blades 2 of the impeller 1, from where, having received energy, it goes back to the working channel.

This process occurs repeatedly. Then the working medium in the form of a vortex bundle enters the outlet 5, having a circulation velocity V _Ω and an axial velocity cug, and the circulation velocity is significantly higher than the axial velocity.

In the outlet pipe 5 with a central conical fairing 6 installed therein with a blade straightener 7 mounted at the base of the cone, the circulation velocity of the flow is generally decelerated V _Ω . In this case, the static pressure rises, which increases the total pressure rises, which increases the total pressure of the vortex machine.

 Thus, the proposed constructive solution of the vortex machine allows to increase its efficiency by increasing the useful pressure with a constant drive power.

Claims (2)

 1. A vortex machine, comprising a housing in which a working channel is made, the input and output of which are in communication with the inlet and outlet nozzles, between which there is a spacer, an impeller with blades mounted rotatably in the housing, characterized in that in the outlet a central cone fairing with a blade straightener installed in the base of the cone is installed, and in the section of the conical fairing the outlet pipe is made with an increase in the area of the meridional section in systematic way flow.  2. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the Central conical fairing is equipped with fixed blades mounted in a spiral.

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