RU2107831C1 - Free-piston engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering, transport engineering; internal combustion engines. SUBSTANCE: engine has piston arranged in cylinder and kinematically coupled with energy accumulator by shock absorber, system of valves and energy consumer. Additional shock absorber is placed between engine cylinders and energy consumer to converter engine piston vibration energy into linear displacements of vehicle. EFFECT: enlarged operating capabilities. 7 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to transport machinery, in particular to internal combustion engines.

 The known design of the internal combustion engine is a relatively rigid structure for converting the translational motion of the piston into rotational, which is transmitted through the transmission to the vehicle [1].

 This technical solution is a complex design, leading to significant costs for the manufacture of parts, leading to losses in efficiency due to friction.

 Known two-stroke engine with two intake valves for purging the cylinder with air and filling the fuel mixture [2].

 The design of the invention provides ventilation of the combustion chamber from the exhaust gases, more complete combustion of the fuel mixture, which complicates the design of the engine and solves narrow problems.

 Known designs of an internal combustion engine in which the compression ratio is changed [3].

 However, this requires additional devices and does not have a wide range of applications for various types of fuel.

 Known free-piston engine, where the reverse piston is carried out under the influence of compressed air energy, compressed air also purges the cylinder [4].

 This engine slightly reduces the acceleration transmitted from the piston to the energy consumer, and cannot be widely used for transportation needs.

 The purpose of the invention is to transform the translational motion of the piston with high acceleration into the translational motion of the engine unit and the vehicle with low acceleration and increase the operating time of the draft force, ensuring the independent operation of each engine unit.

 This is achieved by the fact that a direct-acting free-piston internal combustion engine is located in the direction of vehicle movement and transfers energy from a piston kinematically connected with the energy accumulator to the valve system. The engine contains shock absorbers and an energy consumer.

 The technical result allows to simplify the design, increase efficiency, apply the technology, parts and materials of a conventional engine (liners, pistons, rings, valves, valve seats, their guides, etc.).

 The invention is illustrated by the diagrams in FIG. 1-6 to ensure the duty cycle of the engine assembly and FIG. 7 - the location of the unit on the engine.

 In FIG. 1-6, cylinder 1, exhaust valve 2 of the high pressure system, shock absorber 3, oil valve 4, energy accumulator 5, piston 6, exhaust valve 7, air valve 8, valve 9 of the fuel mixture, oil valve 10, valve 11 of the high pressure system are indicated.

 In FIG. 7 marked crosses 1, the main shock absorber 2, the bracket 3 for mounting the engine assembly, the engine assembly 4.

 The engine consists of individual units, recruited depending on the required power. Each unit operates independently of each other and consists of a cylinder 1, in which there is a piston 6 connected by means of a finger to the energy accumulator 5, which receives and transmits the force to the shock absorber 3. The tightness of the engine unit is ensured by the head with valves 8 and 9 and the bracket 3 (Fig. 7) with valves 2, 11 and a shock absorber 3 fixed on it (Fig. 1-6).

 To carry out engine operation, a low air pressure system, a high exhaust gas pressure system, a lubrication system, a power system, an exhaust system, a cooling system are required. All these systems are the same for all units.

 The proposed device operates as follows.

 In FIG. 1 illustrates the purge of the cylinder with air at a pressure of 8-10 KPa through the valve 8, the exhaust valve 7 is open. Valves 2, 9, 1 are closed. Through the open valve 4 under pressure, oil enters the space bounded by the rings of the energy accumulator and the piston. The used oil goes into the oil system through valve 10.

 In FIG. 2 shows the filling of the cylinder with the fuel mixture of the cavity 11, valves 7, 8 are closed, valve 9 is open; in FIG. 3 - compression, through the metering jet, the exhaust gas from the high pressure system flows smoothly into the cavity 1 through the valve 11, which provides compression of the fuel mixture in the cavity 11, which is necessary to create the compression ratio of a given type of fuel; valves 4, 10, 8, 9 are closed.

 FIG. 4 - Explains the ignition of the fuel mixture.

 Under the influence of gas pressure in the cavity 11, the piston transfers the force to the energy accumulator 5 (Fig. 5). In the cavity 1, the rings of the energy accumulator 5 create a pressure, under the action of which the gas through the valve 2 returns to the high pressure system. Valve 11 is closed.

 The energy accumulator 5 transfers energy to the shock absorber 3 (Fig. 6). The counteraction force of the shock absorber 3 is damped by the pressure of the exhaust gases as they exit through the valve 7 until the pressure in the cavity 11 decreases by less than 8-10 KPa. Next, the processes depicted in FIG. one.

 The disadvantage of the proposed mechanism of the engine is the need to search for torque to ensure the operation of additional devices.

 This is eliminated, for example, in a car driven by a generator, coolant pump, compressor, fan from the wheels, or by calculating the operation of these devices from oscillations of the main shock absorber. To operate the heater on a car without its movement, it is possible to use an autonomous heater.

 The advantages include the ability to change the engine power by the number of power units, their independent operation, an adjustable compression ratio allows the use of gasoline of all grades, gas, diesel fuel, kerosene. The engine can operate in detonation conditions. Less metal consumption, the use of parts and technologies of a conventional internal combustion engine is the advantage of the proposed design.

Sources of information
1. Illarionov V.A. Theory and design of a car, M., 1986

 2. Patent of Germany (DE), 3837802, cl. F 02 B 25/04, 23/20, 33/04, 1990.

 3. Demidov V.P. Variable compression engines. M., 1978.

 4. SU. Patent N 550128, CL F 02 B 71/00, 1977.

Claims (1)

 A direct-acting free-piston internal combustion engine containing a piston located in the cylinder kinematically connected with the energy accumulator, a shock absorber, a valve system and an energy consumer, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with an engine shock absorber located between the cylinder and the energy consumer.

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