RU2107197C1 - Vortex plant for separation of combustible component from air - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: separation of combustible components from air. SUBSTANCE: vortex tube consists of two separate coaxial parts. Joint of tube is located in way of flow after flow swirler mounted on inlet section of tube. Circular chamber embracing the joint is provided on the tube outside. End walls of chamber are tightly connected with tube for motion of one part of vortex tube relative to its other part. Circular clearance thus formed is used for escape of boundary peripheral flow of separated medium into circular chamber. Medium discharge pipeline is provided with adjusting shut-off device. End of vortex tube on side of outlet of flow from tube is provided with sharp edge. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency. 87 cl, 47 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to vortex installations for separating media with an inhomogeneous density field and with different molecular weights of components, the operation of which is carried out in accordance with the law of a freely rotating vortex flow with an inhomogeneous density field and with different molecular weights of components, discovered by the author in 1994, and can be used for its intended purpose for the separation of a combustible component from the air, and it is also possible to use the installation for its implementation with various design options of a plant for the separation media in the eddy currents in the various branches of industry, in particular chemical, thermal and nuclear power generation, oil and gas production and processing industries, and many industries.

 Known vortex installation for separating media with a vortex tube containing an energy separation chamber with two nozzle inlets at one end and a diffuser for outputting a hot stream at the other, connected through a heat exchanger to one of the nozzle inlets, the second of which is connected to a source of compressed gas, as well as an axial the cold flow outlet pipe, the energy separation chamber on the nozzle input side is provided with an axisymmetrically located nozzle, and the cold stream output pipe is located on the diff Zor and further around this pipe installed tube forming an annular gap with it, connected to the conduit, axially disposed from the nozzle inlets [1].

 The disadvantage of such a vortex installation is the impossibility of separating the media, since the media to be separated are fed into the energy separation chamber through nozzle inlets at supercritical outflow, which ensures only media separation due to the difference in their temperatures, or rather densities. The design of such a vortex unit is not suitable for separating media with an inhomogeneous density field and with different molecular weights of components having the same temperature.

 Closest to the claimed technical solution is a vortex device for separating media, which contains a swirl flow installed on the inlet section of the vortex tube, and a peripheral channel with an annular inlet section for the removal of the peripheral stream, and the output of the Central stream of divided media located on the opposite inlet section of the vortex side pipes, and the peripheral channel at its initial section for the removal of the peripheral flow of the divided medium is formed by the inner surface of the vortex th pipe and the outer surface of the pipe section located inside the outlet section of the vortex tube coaxially last, and the Central stream of the above medium is discharged through at least one channel, which at its initial section in the latter case is the above pipe section located inside the outlet section of the vortex pipe [ 2].

 The disadvantage of such a vortex installation is the inability to carry out the separation of media, since the shared media are fed into the swirl chamber through nozzle inlets at supercritical outflow, which ensures only the separation of media due to the difference in their temperatures, or rather densities. The design of such a vortex unit is not suitable for separating media with an inhomogeneous density field and with different molecular weights of components having the same temperature.

 The objective of the invention is the creation of a vortex installation for cost-effective industrial production of fuel from the air.

 This problem is achieved by the fact that in a known vortex installation containing at least a vortex device with a flow swirl installed on the inlet section of the vortex tube, and a peripheral channel with an annular inlet section for the removal of the peripheral stream, and the output of the central flow of the separated media located from the opposite input section of the vortex tube of the side, and the peripheral channel at its initial section for the removal of the peripheral flow of the divided medium is formed by the inner surface of the vortex the pipe and the outer surface of the pipe section located inside the outlet section of the vortex tube in the base position coaxially with the latter, and the central flow of the above medium is discharged through at least one channel, which in the latter case in the latter case serves the above pipe section located inside the outlet section of the vortex pipe, the vortex pipe is made of at least two separate coaxially mounted parts, while the pipe connector is located along the flow movement at least behind the swirl of the outlet installed at the inlet section of the vortex tube, and on the outside of the latter there is an annular chamber covering the above-mentioned connector of the vortex tube, while the outer surface of the latter acts as a side wall of the chamber, and the connection of the end walls of the latter with the vortex tube is sealed with axial movement along at least one of the parts of the vortex tube relative to another part of the latter with the formation of an annular passage (gap) between the ends of the above parts of the vortex tube for the outlet from the last wall peripheral flow of the divided medium into the annular chamber, on the medium discharge pipe from which the regulating locking device is installed, and the end face facing the flow, the part of the vortex tube located on the outlet side of the flow from the latter is made with at least a sharp inlet edge while the maximum efficiency of the separation of media is achieved by regulating at least the degree of opening of the control locking devices installed on the taps of the separated media from the vortex device and the annular chamber covering the vortex tube, and the annular gap width between the adjacent ends of the two coaxially mounted parts of the vortex tube to exit the peripheral wall flow of the divided medium by axial movement of at least one part of the vortex tube relative to the other part of the latter, thereby changing flow area for the outgoing wall peripheral flow of a divided medium.

 A comparative analysis of the proposed technical solution with an analogue and prototype allows us to conclude that there are new distinctive features, therefore, the claimed technical solution meets the criterion of "novelty."

 In the solutions known to science and technology, we have not found the totality of the distinguishing features of the claimed solution, exhibiting similar properties and allowing to achieve the result indicated in the purpose of the invention, therefore, the solution meets the criteria of the invention "significant differences".

в выходном сечении лопаточного завихрителя потока; на фиг. 44, 45 - сечение В-В на фиг. 4; на фиг. 46, 47 - сечение Г-Г на фиг. 4.In FIG. 1 shows a vortex installation for separating a combustible component from air; in FIG. 2 - vortex installation; in FIG. 3 - vortex tube with a swirl flow; in FIG. 4, 5 - vortex installation; in FIG. 6 - vortex tube with swirl flow; in FIG. 7-9 - vortex installation; in FIG. 10-12 - vortex tube with a swirl flow; in FIG. 13-29 - vortex installation; in FIG. 30-32 is a section AA in FIG. 2; in FIG. 33,34 - section BB in FIG. 3; in FIG. 35 - output section of the vortex device; in FIG. 36, 37 - vortex installation; in FIG. 38 - composite tap of the Central stream from the vortex device; in FIG. 39-41 - vortex installation; in FIG. 42, 43 - a characteristic change in the peripheral flow velocity ω along the radius

in the outlet section of the scapular flow swirler; in FIG. 44, 45 is a section BB in FIG. 4; in FIG. 46, 47 - section GG in FIG. 4.

 In the method of separating a combustible component from air in a vortex installation (Fig. 1), which includes swirling the flow 1 passing through the swirl, separation of the medium flow and the removal of media through the central 2 and peripheral 3 channels, and the vortex installation for its implementation contains at least a vortex device 4 with a swirl flow 1 installed on the output section 5 of the vortex tube 6, and a peripheral channel 3 with an annular inlet section 1-1 for the removal of the peripheral flow, and the output 2 of the Central stream of divided media, located opposite a positive inlet section 5 of the vortex tube 6 of the side, and the peripheral channel 3 at its initial section 7 for removing the peripheral flow of the divided medium is formed by the inner surface of the vortex tube 6 and the outer surface of the section 7 of the pipe 2 located inside the outlet section 8 of the vortex tube 6 in the basic position coaxially the latter, and the central flow of the above medium is discharged through at least one channel 2, which in its last section 7 in the latter case serves as the above section 7 of the pipe 2 located inside three outlet sections 8 of the vortex tube 6, the vortex tube 6 is made of at least two separate coaxially mounted parts 9, 10, while the connector 11 of the pipe 6 is located in the direction of flow at least behind the flow swirl 1 installed at the inlet of the vortex tube section 5 6, and on the outside of the latter, an annular chamber 12 is made, covering the above-mentioned connector 11 of the vortex tube 6, while the outer surface of the last 6 performs at least the role of the side wall of the chamber 12, and the connection of the end walls 13, 14 of the last 12 with the vortex voy tube 6 is sealed with the possibility of axial movement (± x) of at least one 10 of the parts 9, 10 of the vortex tube 6 relative to the other part 9 of the last 6 with the formation of an annular passage 15 (gap) between the ends 16, 17 of the above parts 9, 10 vortex tube 6 exit from the last 6 wall peripheral flow of the divided medium into the annular chamber 12, on the medium discharge pipe 18 from which 12 a regulating locking device 19 is installed, and the end face 17 facing the flow, part 10 of the vortex tube 6 located on the side On the other hand, the flow exit from the last 6 is made with at least a sharp inlet edge 20, while the maximum separation of the media is achieved by regulating at least the degree of opening of the control shut-off devices 21, 22 installed on the taps 23, 24 of the separated media from the channels 2, 3 of the vortex device 4 and the annular chamber 12, covering the vortex tube 6, and the width (± x) of the annular gap 15 between adjacent ends 16, 17 of both coaxially mounted parts 9, 10 of the vortex tube 6 to exit the wall peripheral flow section hydrochloric medium by axial displacement (± x) by at least one of the parts 9, 10, 10 of the vortex tube 6 relative to the other part 9 of the latter, thereby providing a change in flow cross-sectional area for the flow exiting the peripheral boundary-divided medium.

At the same time, at least a second flow swirl 25 can be installed inside the vortex tube 6 of the installation at a distance l ₁ from the swirl of the stream 1 located at its inlet section 5, which ensures at least additional swirling of the latter, while the maximum separation efficiency of the media is achieved by controlling the distance l ₁ between the output section of at least 2-2 each previous flow swirler 1 and the input section 3-3 adjacent thereto subsequent flow swirler 25 by shifting (± x) in the axial direction of the vortex tube 6 subsequent flow swirlers 25 (Figure 2). maximum separation of media can be achieved by adjusting the angle of exit of the stream φ of the shared media to the axis of the vortex tube 6 from at least each swirl of the stream 1.25 by turning the blades of the latter (Fig. 1, 2); maximum efficiency of medium separation can be achieved by adjusting the degree of opening of the regulating locking device 26 installed at the entrance to the vortex tube 6 of the installation (Fig. 3); maximum separation of media can be achieved by turning at least the vortex device 4 of the installation when the latter is working and changing the direction of the wind by an angle ± β around axis 27, ensuring at least a coincidence of the direction of the air flow created by the wind and entering the vortex tube 6 of device 4, with the axis 28 of the vortex tube 6 (Fig. 4); maximum separation of the media can be achieved by adjusting the distance l ₂ between the output section 2-2 of the swirl flow 1.25 adjacent to the connector 11 of the parts 9, 10 of the vortex tube 6 for the output of the peripheral wall flow of the divided medium, and the connector 11, while the swirl 1 25 in the direction of flow is located in front of the above connector 11 (Fig. 1, 2).

The maximum separation efficiency of the media can be achieved by adjusting the angle of rotation ± γ of the axially moving part 10 of the vortex tube 6 about its axis 28 relative to its base position, at which the maximum width a _{max of the} gap 15, formed when moving in the axial direction of one part 10 of the vortex tube 6 relative to its other part 9, is measured at least in the vertical plane of symmetry 29 of the vortex tube 6 from the bottom of the latter, which is located at least horizontally, while the width of the gap p the perimeter of the vortex tube 6 in the direction of the latter upwardly in the above case is reduced symmetrically relative to the said diametral plane 29 on both sides of the vortex tube 6 (Figure 5). maximum separation of the media can be achieved by adjusting the length of the vortex tube 6 by changing the length l ₄ of at least one of the sections of the latter located between adjacent swirls of flow 1.25, by performing the above section of the vortex tube 6 as a “pipe in pipe” with corresponding to at least a compound of the movable gland seal during axial movement of one part of the vortex tube 6 relative to another portion thereof, thereby providing a change of distance between a ₄ l ezhnymi flow swirlers 1.25 (Figure 6). maximum efficiency of the separation of media can be achieved by adjusting the pressure at least for each control locking device 19, 21, 22, installed on the taps 23, 24 of the separated media from the channels 2, 3 of the vortex device and the annular chamber 12, covering the vortex tube 6 ( by means of at least a second control shut-off device and a suction device installed in at least each of the discharge pipes in series in the direction of flow of the flow), FIG. 12.

 In a vortex installation for separating a combustible component from air, containing at least a vortex device 4 with a swirl flow 1 installed on the inlet section 5 of the vortex tube 6, and a peripheral channel 3 with an annular inlet section 1-1 for the removal of the peripheral flow and the output 2 of the Central a divided media stream located on the opposite side of the inlet section 5 of the vortex tube 6, the peripheral channel 3 being formed on its initial section 7 for withdrawing the peripheral stream of the divided medium vortex tube 6 and the outer surface of the section 7 of the pipe 2, located inside the output section 8 of the vortex pipe 6 in the base position coaxially last, and the Central stream of the above medium is discharged through at least one channel 2, which in its initial section 7 in the latter case serves the above section 7 of the pipe 2, located inside the output section 8 of the vortex tube 6, the vortex tube 6 is made of at least two separate coaxially mounted parts 9, 10, while the connector 11 of the pipe 6 is located in the direction of flow at least behind the flow swirl 1 installed on the inlet section 5 of the vortex tube 6, and on the outside of the latter there is an annular chamber 12 covering the above connector 11 of the vortex tube 6, while the outer surface of the last 6 acts as at least the side wall of the chamber 12, and the connection of the end walls 13, 14 of the last 12 with the vortex tube 6 is made tight with the possibility of axial movement (± x) of at least one 10 of the parts 9, 10 of the vortex tube 6 relative to the other part 9 of the last 6 with the formation of rings passage 15 (gap) between the ends 16, 17 of the above parts 9, 10 of the vortex tube 6 to exit the last 6 wall peripheral flow of the divided medium into the annular chamber 12, on the pipe 18 of the medium from which 12 is installed regulating locking device 19, and the end 17, facing the flow, part 10 of the vortex tube 6, located on the outlet side of the flow from the last 6, is made with at least a sharp inlet edge 20, and on each of the outlets 23, 24 of the separated media from the channels 2, 3 of the vortex device 4 is installed regulation The present locking device 21, 22 (FIG. 1).

At least a second flow swirl 25 can be installed inside the vortex tube 6 of the installation at a distance l ₁ from the swirl 1 located at its inlet section 5, which ensures at least additional swirling of the latter during operation of the installation, with at least each subsequent swirl the movement of the flow swirl flow 25 is set at least with the possibility of displacement (± x) in the axial direction of the vortex tube 6 (Fig. 2); at least each blade vortex sweeper 1.25 installed in the vortex tube 6 of the installation can be installed at least with the possibility of rotation of the blades to change the angle of the outlet flow φ of the shared media from the above swirl flow 1.25 to the axis 28 of the vortex tube 6 (Fig. 1, 2); at the entrance to the vortex tube 6 of the installation can be installed regulating locking device 26 (Fig. 3); at least the vortex device 4 of the installation can be installed with the possibility of rotation through an angle ± β around the axis 27 to ensure at least the direction of the air flow generated by the wind and entering the vortex tube 6 of the device 4, with the axis 28 of the vortex tube 6 during operation installation (Fig. 4); a swirl flow 25 adjacent to the connector 11 of the parts 9, 10 of the vortex tube 6 to exit the peripheral wall flow of the divided medium and located along the flow in front of the above connector 11, can be installed with the possibility of displacement of ± x in the axial direction of the vortex tube 6 to change the distance l ₃ between the exit section 2 - 2 of the above swirl flow 25 and the connector 11 (Fig. 2); part 10 of the vortex tube 6 moves axially; it can be rotated by an angle ± γ around its axis 28 relative to the entire base position, at which the maximum gap width a _max formed by moving ± x in the axial direction of one part 10 of the vortex tube 6 relative to its other part 9, it is measured at least in the vertical plane of symmetry 29 of the vortex tube 6 from the bottom of the latter, which is located at least horizontally, while the width of the gap a along the perimeter of the vortex tube 6 is directed and upward of the last 6 in the aforementioned case, it decreases symmetrically with respect to the aforementioned diametrical plane 29 on both sides of the vortex tube 6 located between adjacent flow swirls 1.25, can be made as a “pipe in pipe” with a corresponding at least stuffing box packing allowing axial movement ± x of one of the parts 31, 32 of the vortex tube 6 relative to the other 32 of its part to change the distance l ₄ ± x between adjacent swirls of the flow 1.25 (Fig. 6); the annular chamber 12 for the at least one vortex device 4 exiting from the vortex device 4 of the wall peripheral flow of the separated medium 4 can be connected by a medium discharge pipe 18 with a control shut-off device 19 mounted on it with a sealed container 33 connected by a pipe 34 to a suction device 35 (Fig. . 7); on the pipe 34 connecting the sealed container 33 with the suction device 35, at least a regulating locking device 36 can be installed (Fig. 7); an annular chamber 12 for exiting from the vortex device 4 of the wall peripheral flow of the separated medium of at least one vortex device 4 can be connected by a pipe of the outlet of the medium 18 with a control shut-off device 19 mounted on it with the input of a series-mounted vortex device 37 (Fig. 8); the annular chamber 12 for exiting from the vortex device 4 of the wall peripheral flow of the divided medium of at least one vortex device 4 can be connected by a pipe of the outlet of the medium 18 with a control shut-off device 19 mounted on it with a sealed container 33, connected by a pipe 38 to the input of at least one vortex device 39 (Fig. 9).

 On the pipeline 38 connecting the sealed container 33 to the inlet of the vortex device 39, a regulating locking device 40 can be installed (Fig. 9); the inlet section 4 - 4 of the swirl of the stream 1, located on the inlet section 5 of the vortex tube 6 of the device 4, may coincide with the inlet section 5 - 5 of the latter (Fig. 10); the inlet section 4 - 4 of the swirl of the stream 1, located in the inlet section 5 of the vortex tube 6 of the device 4, can be offset (b) in the direction of flow relative to the inlet section 5 - 5 of the last 6 (Fig. 11); part 41 of the inlet section 5 of the vortex tube 6 of the device 4 located at least between the inlet section 5 - 5 of the last 6 and the inlet section 4 - 4 of the swirl flow 1 located at the inlet section 5 of the vortex tube 6, in the direction of movement of the air stream can be performed in the shape of the confuser 42 (Fig. 12); on the inner surface 43 of the confuser portion 42 of the vortex tube 6 of the device 4 can be placed blades 44, providing a swirl of the incoming air flow, while the direction of the above swirl may coincide with the direction of the swirl of the flow in the swirl flow 1 installed on the inlet section 5 of the vortex tube 6 ( Fig. 12); at least on both sides of the vortex tube 6 of the device 4, at least symmetrically to its diametrical plane, located in the working state of the installation at least vertically, longitudinal ribs 45 can be made in the form of wings with streamlined contours and, respectively, ends 46 facing the entrance air into the vortex tube 6 (Fig. 13); at least one vortex device 4 can be connected to a container 47 made at least in the form of a wing streamlined from the incoming air stream located at least symmetrically with respect to the diametrical plane of the vortex device 4, while in this case the input the end face 48 of the tank 47, facing the air flow, occupies at least a vertical position and at least one hole 49 is made in it, communicating the inner space of the tank 47 with the external environment (atmosphere), and the inlet of the vortex tube 6 of the device 4 is in communication with the internal space of the aforementioned tank 47, while at least the vortex device 4 and the tank 47 connected are rotatable around an axis 50 (FIG. 14 )

 Two at least vortex devices 4 can be connected in parallel with a container 47 made at least in the form of a wing streamlined from the incoming air stream, while the inlet of each vortex tube 6 of device 4 is in communication with the interior of the above container 47 (Fig. 14 ); the inlet end 51 of each vortex device 4 can be hermetically connected to at least the aft end 52 of the tank 47, made at least in the form of a wing streamlined from the side of the incoming air flow (Fig. 14); at least part of the vortex device 4 from the entrance to it can be placed inside the tank 47, made at least in the form of a streamlined wing air flow on the side of the incoming flow, and its tight connection with the tank 47 is made on its 4 outer surface (Fig. 14 ); at least each vortex device 4 can be connected to the tank 47 by at least a pipe 53 (Fig. 15); on each pipe 53 connecting at least each vortex device 4 with a capacity 47, an adjusting locking device 54 may be installed (FIG. 15); at least in addition, between the vessel 47 and each vortex device 4, an injection device 55 can be installed, connected to the first 47 and 4 using sections 56, 57 of the bypass pipe 58 entering and discharging the discharge device and supplying air from the container 47 through the bypass pipe 58 into the corresponding vortex device 4, while between the tank 47 and each pumping device 55, as well as between the last 55 and each vortex device 4 are installed control locking devices 59, 60 (fi G. 16); at least in addition, between the vessel 47 and at least every two vortex devices 4 connected in parallel, one injection device 55 can be installed connected to the latter by means of portions of the inlet 56 into the discharge device 55 and the output 57 parallel branching in accordance with the above last 55 for at least two sections, the bypass pipe 58, while between the tank 47 and each pumping device 55, as well as between the last 55 in the section before the branching of the pipe 58 flow direction and at least two respective parallel-connected eddy regulating devices 4 are provided locking devices 59, 60 (FIG. 17).

 At least in addition, between the tank 47 and at least every two vortex devices 4 connected in parallel, one pumping device 55 can be installed connected to the last 4 via sections of the inlet 56 into the pumping device 55 and the outlet 57 parallel branching in accordance with the above the last at least two sections of the bypass pipe 58, while between the tank 47 and each pumping device 55, as well as between the last 55 and each vortex device 4 are installed Adjusts the locking devices 59, 61 (Figure 18.); at least in addition, between the vessel 47 and at least every two vortex devices 4 connected in parallel, one injection device 55 can be installed connected to the latter by means of portions of the input 56 into the discharge device 55 and the output 57 parallel branching in accordance with the above 55 for at least two sections, the bypass pipe 58, while between the tank 47 and each pumping device 55, between the last 55 on the section 57 of the bypass pipe 58 before it IMPLEMENT in the flow direction and at least two respective parallel connected vortex devices 4 and also at the inlet of each swirl adjusting device 4 mounted locking devices 59 - 61 (FIG. 19); the container 47, at least additionally in series in the direction of flow, can be connected via sections 56, 57 of the bypass pipe 58 to a pump 55, which is connected to a sealed intermediate tank 62, and the latter 62 is connected to the inlet of at least one vortex device 4 individual for the last 4 section 63 of the bypass pipe 58, while between the tank 47 and the pump 55, between the last 55 and the sealed intermediate tank 62, as well as between the last 62 and each vortex the second device 4 is installed regulating locking device 59, 64, 65 (Fig. 20); the container 47 can be connected at least in series in the direction of flow at least through sections 56, 57 of the bypass pipe 58 with a pump 55, which is connected to a sealed intermediate tank 62, and the latter 62 is connected to at least two parallel installed vortex devices 4 using section 63 of the bypass pipe 58, branching in accordance with the above into two branches.

 At the same time, between the container 47 and the pump 55, between the last 55 and the sealed intermediate tank 62, as well as between the last 62 in the section prior to branching of the bypass pipe 58 in the direction of flow and at least every two vortex devices 4 connected in parallel, control shut-off devices are installed 59, 64, 65 (FIG. 21); the container 47 can be connected at least in series in the direction of flow at least through sections 56, 57 of the bypass pipe 58 with a pump 55, which is connected to a sealed intermediate tank 62, and the latter 62 is connected to at least two parallel installed vortex devices 4 using section 63 of the bypass pipe 58, branching in accordance with the above into two branches, while between the tank 47 and the pumping device 55, between the last 55 and the tight interstitial capacitance 62 and 62 between the latter and each vortex regulating device 4 mounted locking devices 59, 64, 66 (Figure 22.); the container 47 can be connected at least in series in the direction of flow at least through sections 56, 57 of the bypass pipe 58 with a pump 55, which is connected to a sealed intermediate tank 62, and the latter 62 is connected to at least two parallel installed vortex devices 4 using section 63 of the bypass pipe 58, branching in accordance with the above into two branches, while between the tank 47 and the discharge device 55, between the last 55 and the tight daily capacity 62, between the last 62 on the section of the bypass pipe 58 until it branches in the direction of flow and at least every two vortex devices 4 connected in parallel, as well as regulating locking devices 59, 64, 65, are installed at the entrance to each vortex device 4, 66 (Fig. 23).

 In section 57 of the pipeline 58 connecting the regulating locking device 59, located on the inlet side of the discharge device 55, with the last 55, a section of the pipe 67 can be cut, which communicates the suction cavity of the discharge device 55 with the environment (atmosphere) through the adjustment locking device 68 (FIG. . 16 - 23); to the edge 69, located along the perimeter of at least each inlet 49 made in the inlet end 48 of the container 47, there can adjoin the inlet for air entering into the container 47, a confuser section 70, hermetically connected to the above end 48 of the container 47 and located with the outer side (Fig. 24); at least in each inlet 49 made in the inlet end 48 of the container 47, at least part of its length (partially) can enter the inside of the last 47 and hermetically connected to the above end 48 of the container 47 of the inlet for air entering the container 47, confuser section 70 (Fig. 25); to the edge 69 located along the perimeter of at least each inlet 49 made in the inlet end 48 of the container 47, a diffuser portion 71 can be adjacent to the inlet for the air entering the container 47, hermetically connected to the above end 48 of the container 47 and located the outer side (Fig. 26); at least in each inlet 49 made in the inlet end 48 of the tank 47, at least part of its length (partially) can enter the inside of the last 47 and hermetically connected to the above end 48 of the tank 47 of the air inlet entering the tank 47, diffuser section 71 (Fig. 27); to the outlet end 72 of at least each confuser section 70, a diffuser section 71 may adjoin (Fig. 28); to the inlet end 73 of at least each diffuser portion 71 (FIG. 28); confuser section 70 may adjoin the inlet end 73 of at least each diffuser portion 71 (FIG. 29); the inlet end 74 of the vortex tube 6 of the vortex section 4 can be made with a sharp inlet edge 75 facing the movement of the air flow (Fig. 10, 11); the inlet end 76 of the confuser portion 70 of the container 47 can be made with a sharp inlet edge facing the movement of the air flow (Fig. 24); the inlet end 77 of the diffuser section 71 of the tank 47 can be made with a sharp inlet edge facing the movement of the air flow (Fig. 26); at least each hole 49 made in the inlet end 48 of the container 47 may be provided with a locking device, at least automatically triggered (Fig. 14); at least at the entrance to each confuser section 70 of the tank 47, a shut-off automatically actuating device can be installed (Figs. 24, 25, 28, 29); at least at the entrance to each diffuser section 71 of the tank 47, a locking device, at least automatically activated, can be installed (Figs. 26, 27); in at least each vane flow swirl 1.25 installed in the vortex tube 6 of the vortex device 4, at least each channel 78 formed by two adjacent vanes 79 can be divided into at least two channels 80, 81 by a side portion 82 in in accordance with the above one at least a cylindrical hollow body of revolution 83, coaxial vortex tube 6 of the device 4 (Fig. 30); at least in each vane flow swirl 1.25 installed in the vortex tube 6 of the vortex device 4.

 Each peripheral channel 81 located between at least every two adjacent vanes 79 can be divided by at least one partition 84 located in the latter case between the sides of two adjacent vanes 79 (Fig. 30); each end face 85, 86, facing the flow, of each septum 82, 84 made in each channel 78, 81 of the blade swirler of the stream 1.25, formed by two adjacent blades 79, can be made pointed (Fig. 30); each blade swirl of flow 1.25 can be made with a central at least cylindrical vane-free passage 87, coaxial with the vortex tube 6 of the vortex device 4 to pass part of the flow (Fig. 31); at least each scapular flow swirl 1.25 can be made with a central cylindrical and coaxial vortex tube 6 of the vortex device 4 hole 89 at least for the passage of part of the flow, and the blades 87 are placed outside of the annular element 90, the inner surface of which forms the above the hole 89, while the end face 91 of the above element 90, facing the flow, is made pointed (Fig. 32); the inner surface of the vortex tube 6 of the vortex device 4 can be made of at least a cylindrical shape (Fig. 1,2); on the part of the length of the vortex tube 6 of the vortex device 4, located at least on the inlet side of the flow into the last 6, peripheral channels 92 can be made in its wall, communicated in each of its sections (along their entire length) with the inner space of the vortex tube 6, creating resistance to the rotational movement of the flow (Fig. 33,34).

The output 24 of the peripheral flow from the vortex tube 6 of the vortex device 4 during operation of the installation can be communicated with the atmosphere through an adjusting locking device (Fig. 1); the inlet section 7 of the pipe 2 for the exit of the Central flow of the divided medium from the vortex tube 6 of the vortex device 4 can be equipped with a set of interchangeable diaphragms 93 with at least a cylindrical hole 94, coaxial vortex tube 6, differing from each other by at least the size of the passage section of the hole 94 for the output of the Central stream (Fig. 35); the end face 95 inlet for the central flow of each interchangeable diaphragm 93 can be made with a sharp inlet edge 96 at least coinciding with the surface 97 described by the radius r _{1 of the} opening 94 of the diaphragm 93 (Fig. 35); the inlet section of the peripheral flow outlet 3, located behind the outlet section 6-6 of the vortex tube 6 of the vortex device 4, can be made in the form of an expanded part, which is a chamber 98, through the inner space of which passes the exhaust pipe 2 of the central stream of divided air entering the last 2 of the section 7 of the pipe 2 located inside the output section 8 of the vortex tube 6, and the output of the above discharge pipe 2 to the outside of the chamber 98 is made at least through the stuffing box seal 99 in nke last 98 (Fig. 1); a chamber 98, through which the peripheral flow exits from the vortex tube 6, is at least communicated by an individual exhaust pipe 100 to the atmosphere, at the outlet of which a control shut-off device 101 is installed (Fig. 1); the chamber 98 of at least one vortex device 4, into which the peripheral stream exits from the vortex tube 6, at least can be connected by a discharge pipe 24 of the above flow to a suction device 102 (Fig. 1); the chamber 98 of the at least one vortex device 4, into which the peripheral stream exits from the vortex tube 6, can be connected by a branch pipe 24 of the aforementioned stream to a sealed container 103, and the latter 103 is connected by a pipe 104 with a suction device 105, while on the pipe 104 between a sealed container 103 and a suction device 105 installed regulating locking device 106 (Fig. 36); at least in each individual section of the outlet 24 of the peripheral flow of each vortex flow of each vortex device 4 connecting the last 4 to the sealed container 103, an adjusting locking device 22, 107 can be installed (Fig. 37).

The discharge pipe 23 of the Central flow of the divided medium from the vortex tube 6 of the vortex device 4 can be communicated at least branch section 108 of the pipe 23 with the atmosphere (Fig. 36); at least in the branch section 108 of the pipe 23 for discharging the central flow of the divided medium from the vortex tube 6 of the vortex device 4, an adjusting locking device 109 may be installed (FIG. 36); in the vortex tube 6 of the vortex device 4 behind the connector 11 of the first 6 in the direction of flow, enveloped outside the vortex tube 6 by the annular chamber 12, at least one flow swirl 110 can be installed, providing additional swirling of the flow of shared media (Fig. 2); the central outlet 2 of the divided medium from the vortex tube 6 of the vortex device 4 can be made integral, consisting of two coaxial parts 111, 112, while at least one swirler is installed inside the part 2 of the outlet 2 located on the exit side of the vortex tube 6 stream 113, providing at least a swirl of the medium flow entering the above-mentioned part 111 of the outlet 2, and the second part 112 of the central stream outlet 2 is made in the form of a pipe 114, the outer radius r _{2 of} which is less than the inner radius r _{3 of the} first part 111 of the outlet 2, passing inside (through) the body of the throttle valve 115, mounted at the outlet of the first part 111 of the exhaust 2 (Fig. 38); the pipeline 23 of the outlet 2 of the Central flow of the divided medium from the vortex tube 6 of at least one vortex device 4 can be connected to a series-mounted suction device 116 (figure 1); the pipeline 23 of the outlet 2 of the Central flow of the divided medium from the vortex tube 6 of at least one vortex device 4 can be connected to a sealed container 117, and the latter 117 is connected by a pipe 118 with a suction device 119, while on the pipe 118 between the sealed container 117 and the suction device 119, an adjusting locking device 120 is installed (FIG. 37); at least in each individual section 23, 121 of the outlet 2 of the central flow of each vortex device 4 connecting the latter to the sealed container 117, an adjusting locking device 21, 122 can be installed (Fig. 39); specially made rotary device 123 can be connected directly to at least one vortex device 4, into the vortex tube 6 of which atmospheric air is supplied during installation operation to provide rotation (± β) of the latter when the wind direction changes under the influence of the latter for at least as the direction of the wind coincides with the axis 28 of the vortex tube 6 (Fig. 13); A specially made rotary device 123 can be connected directly to at least one vortex device 4, into the vortex tube 6 of which atmospheric air is supplied during installation and is activated when the wind direction is changed by a mechanical drive (Fig. 4).

 The tank 47, made at least in the form of a wing streamlined from the side of the incoming air flow, can be mounted on a turntable 124 equipped with a rotary device 123 that rotates the platform 124 (± β) with the aforementioned tank 47 when the wind direction changes due to force the latter for at least coincidence of the wind direction with the axis of symmetry 125 of the cross section of the tank 47 (Fig. 14.15); a container 47, made at least in the form of a wing streamlined from the side of the incoming air stream, can be mounted on a rotary platform 124 provided with a rotary device 123, which is actuated by changing the direction of wind movement using a mechanical drive (Fig); hermetically connected at least one vortex device 4 and a container 47, made at least in the form of a wing streamlined from the incoming air stream, can be mounted on a rotary platform 124, equipped with a rotary device 123, providing rotation (± β) of the platform 124 with the above vortex device 4 and capacity 47 when changing the direction of wind movement under the influence of the latter, at least for the wind direction to coincide with the axis of symmetry 125 of the cross section of the tank 47, matching at least with the axis 28 of the vortex device 4 (Fig. 14); hermetically connected at least one vortex device 4 and a container 47, made at least in the form of a wing streamlined from the incoming air stream, can be mounted on a rotary platform 124 provided with a rotary device 123, which is actuated by changing the direction of movement of the wind with mechanical drive (Fig. 14); the vortex unit may contain a platform 126 with the elements of the latter placed on it, and the platform 126 can be equipped with a rotary device 127, which ensures its rotation by an angle ± β around the axis when the direction of the wind moves under the influence of the latter (Fig. 40); the vortex installation may contain a platform 126 with the elements of the latter placed on it, and the platform 126 may be equipped with a rotary device 127, which ensures its rotation by an angle ± β around the axis 128 when the wind direction is changed using a mechanical drive (Fig. 40).

 The vortex installation may include an artificially created wind tunnel 129, which is a "wind trap", inside which the components of the vortex installation are placed (Fig. 41); artificially created wind tunnel 129 can be installed on a specially made rotary device 130, providing its rotation by the angle of the axis 131 when changing the direction of wind movement under the influence of the latter (Fig. 41); artificially created wind tunnel 129 can be installed on a specially made rotary device 130, which is actuated by changing the direction of movement of the wind using a mechanical drive (Fig. 41); at least each rotary device 123, 127, 130 can be equipped with limiters of the angle of rotation, providing at least regulation of the latter (Fig. 4, 13, 14, 40, 41); the installation may include devices that ensure smooth rotation of at least each rotary device 123, 127, 130 (Fig. 4, 13, 14, 40, 41); the installation may contain at least a bundle of vortex devices 4 located at the place of installation at least in the corridor order and connected at least for parallel operation (Fig. 1,2); the installation may contain at least a bundle of vortex devices 4 located at the place of installation at least in a checkerboard pattern and connected at least for parallel operation (Fig. 1, 2).

 The installation may include a movable object, on which its constituent elements are placed and during movement of which a high-speed air pressure is created, which ensures its supply to each vortex device 4 and its twist when moving inside the vortex tube 6 of the corresponding device 4 (Fig. 1,2) ; all points of the edge 132 of the end face 16 of part 9 of the vortex tube 6 located on the side of the entrance to the last 6 obtained from the intersection of the surface of the above end face 16 with the inner surface of the above part 9 of the vortex tube 6 can be located at a distance c measured from the axis 28 of the vortex tube 6 in a radial direction greater than the distance d at which all points of the edge 133 of the end face 17 adjacent to the above end face 16, the other part 10 of the vortex tube 6 located on the exit side of the last 6 are located, with the last edge 133 of the end 1 7 is obtained in a similar way to the above, and the above adjacent ends 16, 17 of the parts 9, 10 of the vortex tube 6 form an annular passage 15 for the outlet of the peripheral wall flow of the divided medium (Fig. 2); all points of the edge 132 of the end face 16 of part 9 of the vortex tube 6 located on the input side to the last 6 obtained from the intersection of the surface of the above end face 16 with the inner surface of the above part 9 of the vortex tube 6 can be located at a distance c measured from the axis of the vortex tube 6 in a radial direction less than the distance d at which all points of the edge 133 of the end face 17 adjacent to the above end face 16, the other part 10 of the vortex tube 6 located on the exit side of the last 6 are located, with the last edge 133 of the end face 17 Obtain a similar way to the above, and the above-mentioned adjacent ends 16, 17 of the vortex tube 6 to form an annular passage 15 to exit the peripheral boundary-divided flow of the medium (Figure 2). the edges 132, 133 of the adjacent ends 16.17 of the parts 9, 10 of the vortex tube 6 obtained from the intersection of the inner surfaces of the above parts 9, 10 of the vortex tube 6 with the surfaces of the corresponding ends 16, 17, can be located on the same cylindrical surface c = d (Fig. 2).

 The annular chamber 12 of at least each vortex device 4 can be equipped with an individual pipe 134 with at least a regulating shut-off device 135 installed on it to select a part of the peripheral wall flow of the separated medium entering the above chamber 12 to control its composition (Fig. 1, 2 ); maximum efficiency of medium separation can be achieved by controlling the speed of movement of a moving object, which is part of the installation, on which its constituent elements are located (Fig. 1).

 A method of separating a combustible component from air in a vortex installation (Fig. 1) is as follows. At least one, and there may be several or even thousands of them, the vortex tube 6 of the vortex device 4, which is part of the installation, with at least one flow swirl 1, located in this case, i.e. in the presence of one flow swirl, at the inlet section 5 of the vortex tube 6, air is supplied, which in the swirl flow 1 acquires a rotational movement, while simultaneously moving in the axial direction of the vortex device 4 in the direction of separation of the separated media through the central 2 and peripheral 3 channels located from the opposite inlet section 5 of the vortex tube 6 side. Due to the presence of the rotational movement of the air flow in the vortex tube 6 when it moves to the outlet end of the latter, the process of vortex separation of the components that make up the air and differ in molecular weight occurs in it.

 The divided peripheral part of the air stream leaves the vortex tube 6 of the vortex device 4 through the peripheral channel 3, which at its initial section for the removal of the peripheral flow of the divided medium is formed by the inner surface of the vortex tube 6 and the outer surface of the section 7 of the pipe 2 located inside the outlet section 8 of the vortex tube 6 in the basic position coaxially with the last 6, and the central flow is diverted through at least one channel 2, which in the latter case, in the latter case, the above the drain 7 of the pipe 2 located inside the output section 8 of the vortex tube 6.

 The peripheral wall flow of the divided medium, the thickness of which at the inner surface of the vortex tube 6 is very small when the combustible component is separated from the air, exits through the annular passage 15 formed when one 10 of the parts 9, 10 of the vortex tube 6 is moved relative to the other part 9 of the last 56 to form the aforementioned passage 15 into the annular chamber 12, covering the vortex tube 6 in the place of its connector 11, i.e. along the annular passage 15.

 The process of separation of a combustible component from air in a vortex installation is carried out in accordance with a law discovered by the author in 1994, which states: "In a freely rotating vortex flow of a medium (gas, liquid, their mixtures, dispersed, two-phase, dust-gas and other media) with a non-uniform the field of densities (including those with different molecular weights of the components) in the process of attenuation of the rotational motion of the flow past the cross section along its length, in which the maximum value of the peripheral velocity reaches a critical value, ensuring which still rotates the heaviest particles of the medium in the peripheral zone of the flow, there is a process of continuous replacement of less heavy particles of heavy media with heavy ones in the direction of the axis of rotation of the flow, continuing to a section in which the medium in the rotating flow is arranged in circular layers in order of increasing density in each subsequent them in the direction of the axis of rotation of the vortex flow.

 At a maximum value of the peripheral velocity greater than the critical value, the process of continuous replacement of less heavy particles of the medium by heavy ones proceeds in the opposite direction, i.e. towards the periphery of the stream.

 Thus, a previously unknown phenomenon is the basis of the method for isolating a combustible component from air.

Air is a mixture of gases, the main components of which are nitrogen and oxygen. Volumetric and mass content of the latter (in%) in air is 78.1 (N ₂ ), respectively; 21.0 (O ₂ ) and 75.5 (N ₂ ); 23.1 (O ₂ ). Along with other gases, hydrogen, helium and methane enter the air, the volume and mass contents of which (in%) are 5 · 10 ^-5 (H ₂ ), respectively; 5 • 10 ^-4 (He); 2 • 10 ^-4 (CH ₄ ) and 3 • 10 ^-6 (H ₂ ); 7.2 • 10 ^-5 (He); 8 • 10 ^-5 (CH ₄ ) [3]. The molecular masses of hydrogen, helium and methane from the gases that make up the air are minimal and, accordingly, are 2.02 (H ₂ ); 4 (He) and 16 (CH ₄ ), i.e. the molecular mass of hydrogen, helium and methane is less than the average molecular weight of the gases included in the air, respectively, 14.7 and 2 times, which is especially important to achieve a significant effect in the release of a combustible component (hydrogen and methane) due to the very small percentage of hydrogen and methane in the air and, if necessary, emit them with a low percentage of other gases.

 With the selected design characteristics of the vortex unit and the known parameters of the air entering the vortex tube 6 of the vortex device 4, the maximum efficiency in the separation of media, namely in the separation of the combustible component from the air, is achieved by controlling at least the degree of opening of the regulating locking devices 21, 22 installed at the taps 23, 24 of the separated media from the channels 2, 3 of the vortex device 4 and the annular chamber 12, covering the vortex tube 6, and the width (± x) of the annular gap 15 between adjacent ends 16, 1 7 of both coaxially mounted parts 9, 10 of the vortex tube 6 to exit the peripheral wall flow separation medium by axial movement (± x) of at least one 10 of the parts 9, 10 of the vortex tube 6 relative to the other part 9 of the last 6, thereby changing the area of the passage sections for the outgoing wall peripheral flow of a divided medium (Fig. 1). In addition, to improve the efficiency of the vortex installation and separation of the media, other designs and adjustment measures can be used, which we will consider below. The annular passage 15 between adjacent ends 16, 17 of the parts 8, 10 of the vortex tube 6 can be structurally performed in a different way.

The maximum value of the peripheral velocity of the swirling flow in the output section 2-2 (Fig. 1, 2) of the swirl of the flow 1 can not exceed the critical value ω _kr , at which the rotation of the heaviest (highest density or highest molecular weight) particles of the medium in the peripheral zone flow, and may also exceed the above critical value of the ambient velocity ω _kr . Depending on the aforementioned maximum value of the peripheral velocity of the vortex flow at the outlet of the flow swirl 1, the process of continuous replacement of less heavy particles of the medium by heavy ones (of higher density or molecular weight) during attenuation of the rotational motion of the flow occurs in the direction to the axis of rotation of the stream or in the direction from the above axis, those. to the periphery of the stream. In the latter case, the process continues until the maximum value of the peripheral velocity ω _max in some section of the flow reaches its critical value ω _cr , at which the rotation of the heaviest (highest density or highest molecular weight) particles of the medium in the peripheral zone 136 stream (Fig. 42, 43).

With a further decrease in the maximum value of the peripheral velocity ω _max (ω _max <ω _cr ) in the flow sections in the direction of its motion, the direction of substitution of the heavier particles of the medium by heavy ones reverses, i.e. the above substitution occurs towards the axis of rotation of the flow.

Therefore, in the latter case, when installing only one flow swirl 1 at the inlet section 5 of the vortex tube 6 of the vortex device 4, the maximum separation efficiency of the air components (media) is achieved when the maximum value of the peripheral speed ω _{max of the} rotating flow decreases to its critical value ω _cr in section 1-1 at the entrance to the Central channel 2 for the output of the Central stream of the divided medium (Fig. 1).

In the case of the exit of the air flow from the outlet section 2-2 (Fig. 1) of the flow swirl 1 with a maximum peripheral velocity ω _max not exceeding its critical value ω _cr , the maximum air separation efficiency (separation of the combustible component) is achieved when the attenuation of the rotational movement of the air flow occurs in the section passing through the annular passage (gap) 15 between the ends 16, 17 of the parts 9, 10 of the vortex tube 6, or behind the specified section in the direction of flow. The execution of the latter is advisable for the case when the separation of air with the release of a combustible component ends before the complete attenuation of the rotational movement of the flow, as a result of which the length of the vortex tube 6 is slightly reduced, and therefore the dimensions of the vortex installation. It should be noted that the latter is possible only when using a vortex unit to perform one function, namely the separation of a combustible component from air or when separating media with a low content of a component having a low density or low molecular weight.

The movement of heavy air particles 137 is closer to the axis of rotation of the stream in the case when the maximum value of the peripheral speed ω _{max of the} latter in the output section 2-2 of the swirl of the stream 1 (Fig. 1) does not exceed its critical value ω _kr (ω _max ≤ ω _kr ), occurs along a spiral trajectory with a decrease in the radius of their rotation (Fig. 44). In this case, when moving to a smaller radius of rotation, heavy particles 137, which have a greater peripheral speed, increase the angular velocity of rotation of less heavy air particles at a specified radius, giving part of the kinetic energy to other less heavy particles. The lightest particles, molecules of hydrogen (helium) 138, rotating in a stream and simultaneously moving in the axial direction of the vortex tube 6, are removed from the axis of rotation with increasing radius of rotation along a spiral path (Fig. 44).

 The medium-gravity motion of particles (methane) 139, i.e. the density value (molecular weight) of which lies between the densities of the above particles 137 and 138, occurs along a more complex path. These particles 139, performing a rotational movement in the air stream and moving in the axial direction of the vortex tube 6, simultaneously make their own spiral-shaped circular rotations by decreasing the radius of their own rotation in the direction of flow and while shifting towards the axis of rotation of the air stream or to its periphery , which is determined by the values of their densities (molecular masses), the percentage in the air stream and their location in the radial direction in the latter, while they are in the stream ahodyatsya in suspension, ie, rotate inside the stream. The foregoing is explained as follows. Due to the additional kinetic energy obtained from heavy particles 137 of medium gravity, the air particles 139 pass to an increased radius of their rotation in the flow, but their movement in this direction is limited by the acquired energy, which is not enough for their further movement along a spiral path to the inner surface of the vortex tube 6 , and due to the rapid attenuation of the rotational motion of the flow, these particles 139 begin their own circular rotation in the vortex flow towards k and rotation of the flow, since the process of acquiring additional kinetic energy, etc., as described above, continues until, in the process of their own spiral-like rotation, the radius of the spiral turns out to be zero, which corresponds to the complete end of the process of separation of air particles (gas and etc.) in a certain flow section along the length of the vortex tube 6, when the particles are arranged in annular layers in the order of increasing density in each subsequent layer in the direction of the axis of rotation of the vortex flow (Fig. 5, 44). In FIG. 5, 44, the medium-heavy trajectory of the particle 139 is shown conditionally, since the particle 139, moving in the flow along its path (shown in Figs. 5, 44), simultaneously makes a movement together with the rotating stream. The trajectory of this particle can be imagined as if it were a volume element of the latter isolated and only rotating with the gas flow, in which the particle 139 itself makes its own rotational movements and at the same time moves in the axial direction of the vortex tube 6.

In the case when the maximum value of the peripheral velocity ω _{kr of the} swirling air flow in the outlet section 2-2 of the swirl of stream 1 is greater than its critical value ω _kp (ω _max > ω _kr ), the physical picture of the process of replacing less heavy particles 138 of air with heavy particles 137 is similar to the above process, only the substitution process occurs in the opposite direction, namely in the direction to the periphery of the stream, i.e. from the axis of its rotation (Fig. 45). In this case, the process ends in the cross sections of the flow, when the gas particles in the rotating flow are arranged in circular layers in order of increasing density (molecular weight) in each subsequent layer towards the periphery of the flow. The process of mutual replacement of air particles (gas, etc.) in a vortex flow having different densities (molecular weight) is accompanied by the cost of the replacement work, which is confirmed by studies.

In the case when the maximum value of the peripheral velocity ω _max in the output section 2-2 of the swirl of stream 1 does not exceed its critical value ω _max (ω _max ≤ ω _kr ), less energy is spent on the operation of the vortex unit in comparison with the second case, spent on the supply and swirl of the flow of shared air in a vortex installation. However, the use of the second case, when the maximum value of the peripheral velocity ω _max in the output section 2-2 of the swirl of stream 1 exceeds its critical value ω _kp (ω _max > ω _kr ), is most effective for isolating the combustible component from the air, since the percentage of the combustible component the air is very small, and in this process of separation of a combustible component from air in a vortex installation, the above medium is concentrated at the axis of rotation of the flow, and therefore, the thickness (diameter) in the cross section of the flow of the combustible component It turns out to be greater than if it concentrated on the periphery of the flow of divided air. In the latter case, due to the small thickness of the combustible component at the exit of the vortex tube 6, it is much more difficult to qualitatively separate it from other air components having a much higher percentage in the latter.

 However, given the significant advantages of the latter case, it is advisable to use it when rotating the separation and output tasks in minimal amounts of the peripheral flow of the divided medium. The proposed methods for separating a combustible component from air and a vortex unit for its implementation provide a solution to the above problem.

 Due to the possibility of regulation, the width a of the annular passage 15 (gap) between adjacent ends 16, 17 of the coaxially mounted parts 9, 10 of the vortex tube 6 for the outlet of the peripheral wall flow of the divided medium, it is possible to ensure the output of the combustible component with a minimum percentage of other gases in the latter, t. e. impurities. The optimal conditions for the output of the peripheral wall flow are achieved by performing an end face 17 facing the flow, part 10 of the vortex tube 6, located on the outlet side of the flow from the last 6, at least with a sharp inlet edge 20.

 The possibility of axial movement of one 10 of the parts 9, 10 of the vortex tube 6 relative to its other part 9 to form an annular passage 15 (gap) is achieved by tightly connecting the end walls 13, 14 of the annular chamber 12, covering the connector 11 of the vortex tube 6, the outer surface of which at least the role of the side wall of the chamber 12, with the vortex tube 6 with the provision of the axial movement of one of the parts of the last 6 above (Fig. 1). Due to the fact that when releasing a combustible component from the air, the axial displacement is small, so the choice of methods for connecting the side walls of the chamber 12 with the vortex tube 6 can be varied.

Due to the low percentage of the combustible component in the air, it is advisable to use large diameter vortex tubes to separate it from the latter, which in turn increases the path of the replaced particles in a rotating flow and, therefore, a large length of the vortex tube portion on which the above process takes place is required. Therefore, due to the intensive process of attenuation of the rotational motion of the flow, at least an intermediate additional twist is necessary so that the complete attenuation of the rotational motion of the flow occurs no earlier than the motion of the flow of the inlet section 3-3 of the subsequent adjacent swirl flow 25 (Fig. 2). To fulfill the latter condition, when installing at least a second swirl flow 25 adjacent to the previous 1, in the vortex tube 6 to achieve maximum efficiency of the separation of the media, the distance l ₁ between the output section 2-2 of at least each previous swirl flow 1 and the input section is adjusted 3-3 adjacent subsequent swirl flow 25 by displacing (± x) in the axial direction of the vortex tube 6 of the subsequent swirl flow 25 (Fig. 2).

 Achieving maximum efficiency of medium separation can also be achieved by adjusting the angle of exit of the flow φ of the divided media to the axis of the vortex tube 6 from at least each swirl of flow 1.25, for which the blades of the last 1.25 are installed in this case with the possibility of their rotation (Fig. . 12).

 When feeding into the vortex tube 6 of the vortex device 4 the installation of compressed air in the blower device, the maximum separation efficiency of the media can be achieved by adjusting the degree of opening of the regulating shut-off device 26 installed at the entrance to the vortex device 4 (Fig. 3). An increase in the degree of opening, as well as a decrease in the last regulating shut-off device 26, leads to a change in the axial displacement velocity and the angular velocity of rotation of the flow, which, ceteris paribus, can worsen the process of separation of media as a result of the absence of optimal values of the maximum ambient flow velocity in the corresponding sections of the vortex tube 6 or lack of length of the latter for the implementation of the separation process, as well as for other reasons.

 When applying air to the vortex device 4 of the installation due to the energy of the high-pressure wind pressure, the maximum separation efficiency is achieved by turning at least the vortex device 4 of the installation when the wind direction changes by an angle ± β around axis 27, while ensuring at least a coincidence of the air flow direction created by the wind, with the axis 28 of the vortex tube 6 (Fig. 4), for which at least the vortex device 4 of the installation is installed with the possibility of rotation through an angle ± β around the above th axis 27.

The optimal maximum value of the peripheral speed ω _max in the cross section of the vortex tube 6 passing through the connector 11 of parts 9, 10 of the last 6 is ensured by adjusting the distance l ₂ between the output section 2-2 of the flow swirl 1.25 adjacent to the connector 11 of parts 9, 10 vortex tube 6 for output of the peripheral wall flow of the divided medium, and the connector 11, while the swirl flow 1.25 in the direction of flow is placed in front of the above connector 11 (Fig. 1, 2).

 When the air stream enters the vortex device 4 at an angle to the axis 28 of the vortex tube 6, a negative phenomenon arises due to the eccentric displacement at the outlet of the stream from the vortex 1 center 0 (“zero point”) in the flow sections around which the air molecules located in the near-axial zone of the vortex tube 6, and in which the gas pressure is minimal relative to the axis 28 of the vortex tube 6 (Figs. 5, 46, 47), and it (center 0), together with the vortex flow, makes circular motions around the axis 28 of the last 6 (Fig. 47). Moreover, the "zero point" 0 of each subsequent section of the flow in the direction of its movement turns out to be rotated at an angle relative to each other around the axis 28 of the vortex tube 6. This is confirmed by the rotation of the rod 140 inserted into the open (from the outlet side of the air flow) end of the vortex tube 6 and fixed in the sliding bearing, in the opposite direction to the rotation of the flow [4], in which there is no mistake, this is confirmed by the author’s research.

Therefore, due to a change in the structure of the vortex flow with an asymmetric entry of air into the vortex tube 6, the efficiency of the vortex separation of the latter may decrease with the peripheral output of the wall layer, i.e. divided medium with a low percentage, due to the deterioration of the organization of the exit of the specified medium from the vortex tube 6 of the device 4. To eliminate the above disadvantage associated with the organization of the exit of the medium from the vortex tube 6, the maximum separation efficiency of the media can be achieved by adjusting the angle of rotation ± γ of the moved in the axial direction of part 10 of the vortex tube 6 about its axis 28 relative to its base position, in which the maximum width a _max gap 15 (passage), formed when moving axially m direction of one part 10 of the vortex tube 6 relative to its other part 9, is measured at least in the vertical plane of symmetry 29 of the vortex tube 6 from the bottom of the last one, located at least horizontally, while the width of the gap a along the perimeter of the vortex tube 6 in the direction upward of the latter the above case decreases symmetrically with respect to the above diametrical plane 29 on both sides of the vortex tube 6 (Fig. 5). To implement the above regulation, the axially displaceable portion 10 of the vortex tube 6 is rotatable by an angle around the axis 28 relative to its base position.

Regulation of the length of the vortex tube 6 by changing the length l ₄ of at least one of its sections of the last 6 (Fig. 1, 2, 6) located between adjacent swirls of the stream 1, 25, by performing the above section of the vortex tube 6 of the type "pipe in the pipe "with a corresponding at least stuffing box seal of the movable joint when axially moving one of the parts of the vortex tube 6 relative to its other part, which ensures a change in the distance l ₄ between adjacent swirls of the flow 1, 25, allows to achieve the maximum value of the maximum value of the peripheral speed in the corresponding sections of the vortex tube 6, for example, in the inlet section 3-3 of the subsequent swirl flow 25 adjacent to the previous 1 (Fig. 2). The latter is achieved by performing a vortex tube 6 with the possibility of axial movement (± x) of one 31 of the parts 31, 32 of the latter relative to the other 32 of its part to change the distance l ₄ ± x between adjacent swirlers of the stream 1, 25 (Fig. 6).

 In some cases, the efficiency of the vortex installation can be achieved by adjusting the pressure at least for each regulating locking device 19, 21, 22, from the shared media installed on the outlets 23, 24 from the channels 2, 3 of the vortex device 4 and the annular chamber 12, covering the vortex pipe 6, with the help of installed at least on each of the outlet pipelines sequentially in the direction of flow of at least the second control locking device and the suction device (Fig. 1, 2).

 The composition of the vortex installation may include a moving object on which its constituent elements are located. In this case, the achievement of maximum installation efficiency can be achieved by controlling the speed of movement of the above-mentioned moving object, which ensures the achievement of the necessary speed pressure entering the vortex tube 6 of the vortex device 4 of the air installation (Fig. 1, 2).

 When considering a method for separating a combustible component from air and a vortex unit, the unit itself was also considered. Therefore, below we consider other features of the installation device that are not included in the way it works.

 It should be noted that the displacement of the center 0 ("zero point") in the flow cross sections relative to the axis 28 of the vortex tube 6 may also occur due to technological deviations in size, shape, etc. individual blades of the swirl flow. With strict adherence to the manufacturing and installation technology in the vortex tube, the scapular flow swirls provide a symmetric entry of air (other media) into the vortex tube 6, as well as the output of the separated air (media) from each subsequent flow swirl installed in the vortex tube 6 of the vortex device 4 (Fig. . 1, 2, 5).

 Depending on the operating conditions of the installation, the performance of its individual vortex devices, and other factors, in some cases for the removal of a peripheral wall flow of a divided medium, i.e. of the combustible component from the vortex device 4, it is advisable to discharge the medium 18 with a control shut-off device 19 mounted on it to connect the annular chamber 12 with a sealed container 33 connected by a pipe 34 to a suction device 35 (Fig. 7). This allows the selected combustible component to accumulate in the aforementioned container 33. At the same time, at least a regulating locking device 36 is installed on the pipeline 34 between the sealed container 33 and the suction device 35 (Fig. 7), which allows maintaining the necessary pressure in the sealed container 33, which is optimal for the corresponding operating mode of the installation.

 Depending on the quality requirements of the combustible component emitted in the vortex installation, the pipe for draining the peripheral wall stream 18 from the annular chamber 12 of at least one vortex device 4 with a control shut-off device 19 installed on it can be connected to the input of a series-mounted vortex device 37 (Fig. 8 ) Such a connection is most appropriate when applying a preliminary divided medium for re-separation from several previous vortex devices 4 into one subsequent device 37. To enable the accumulation of previously divided media in the previous vortex device (s), the medium discharge pipe 18 of the wall peripheral flow with a control shut-off installed on it the device 19 of at least one vortex device 4 is connected to a sealed container 33 connected in series through a pipeline th 38 with an input of at least one of the vortex unit 39 (FIG. 9). At the same time, it is advisable to install a regulating locking device 40 on the connecting pipe 38 (Fig. 9).

 The resulting combustible component from the air in the vortex unit can be used directly at the place of its production - as fuel for power plants and other installations, but the quality (in terms of the amount of impurities) of the resulting combustible component can fluctuate for various reasons, therefore, to ensure a high-quality fuel combustion process, of air from the atmosphere in a power plant, at least enriched oxygen obtained simultaneously with the combustible component in the vortex plant can be used air. Obtaining the latter, as well as separated oxygen and nitrogen, is possible in the considered vortex installation due to the presence of the central 2 and peripheral 3 channels of the output of the separated media, separated by a section 7 of the pipe 2 (Fig. 1) located inside the output section 8 of the vortex pipe 6, for central flow outlet. When using a vortex installation for the sole purpose, namely, to obtain a combustible component from the air, the expediency of installing the above section 7 of the pipe 2 disappears. In this case, at the exit from the vortex tube 6 of device 4, a throttle valve can be installed. Thus, the proposed vortex installation is universal and provides its multifunctional use.

 The input section 4-4 of the swirl flow 1, located on the input section 5 of the vortex tube 6 of the device 4, may coincide with the input section 5-5 of the latter (Fig. 10), and the above section 4-4 of the swirl flow 1 can be shifted by b in the direction of flow relative to the inlet section 5-5 of the vortex tube 6 (Fig. 11), which is determined by the operating conditions of the vortex installation, including the organization of the air supply to the vortex tube 6, as well as other factors.

 To improve the use of kinetic wind energy for supplying and swirling air in the vortex tube 6, part 41 of the inlet section 5 of the last 6 device 4, located at least between the inlet section 5-5 of the vortex tube 6 and the inlet section 4-4 of the swirl tube 1, located on the inlet section 5 of the vortex tube 6, in the direction of movement of the air flow is in the form of a confuser 42 (Fig. 12). Moreover, on the inner surface 43 of the confuser section 42 of the vortex tube 6 can be placed blades 44, ensuring the swirling of the incoming air flow and thereby increasing the efficiency in the use of wind energy. The direction of the above swirl of the air flow coincides with the direction of the swirl of the flow in the swirl flow 1 installed on the inlet section 5 of the vortex tube 6 (Fig. 12).

 To perform the rotation of the vortex tube 6 in accordance with the change in the direction of the wind under the influence of the latter at least on both sides of the vortex tube 6, at least symmetrically to its diametrical plane, located in the operating state of the installation at least vertically, longitudinal ribs 45 in the form of wings with streamlined contours and, respectively, ends 46 facing the air inlet into the vortex tube 6 (Fig. 13). Ensuring the rotation of the vortex tube 6 can be achieved in other ways.

 Ensuring the stable operation of the vortex installation when using wind energy for its operation can be achieved by the fact that at least one vortex device 4 is connected to a container 47 made at least in the form of a wing streamlined from the incoming air stream, which is located at least symmetrically with respect to the diametrical the plane of the vortex device 4, while in this case and the operating condition of the installation, the inlet end 48 of the tank 47, facing the air flow, takes at least vert cial position and it satisfies at least one opening 49 through which the interior of the container 47 communicates with the external environment (atmosphere). Through the inlet of the vortex tube 6, the vortex device 4 communicates with the inner space of the above capacity (Fig. 14). Due to the vertical position of the inlet end 48 of the container 47, when the latter is located on a rotating support, it is possible to rotate it by an angle ± β around the axis 50 under the influence of the air flow generated by the wind that is incident on the container.

 To increase the productivity of the vortex installation, at least two vortex devices 4 can be connected in parallel with the capacity 47, i.e. for parallel operation (Fig. 14). The connection of the vortex device 4 with a capacity 47 can be carried out in various ways. So, the input end 51 of each vortex device 4 can be hermetically connected to at least the aft end 52 of the tank 47 (Fig. 14); at least part of the vortex device 4 from the entrance to it can be placed inside the tank 47, and its tight connection with the tank 47 is performed in the indicated case on the outer surface of the device 4 (Fig. 14); at least each vortex device 4 can be connected to the reservoir 47 by at least a pipe 53 (FIG. 15).

 In the general case, the container 47 can be of various shapes, which is determined, first of all, by the method of rotation of the vortex device 4 when the wind direction changes, with which the tank 47 is rotated, since the above rotation of the vortex device 4 together with the tank 47 can be performed under the influence of wind force on the streamlined body (in our case, the capacity with a vortex tube), and is also provided by a mechanical drive. The dimensions of the tank 47 depend on the performance of the vortex unit and are selected from the condition of ensuring its stable and reliable operation.

 The installation on each pipeline 53, connecting at least each vortex device 4 with a capacity 47, of a regulating shut-off device 54 (Fig. 15) allows to achieve the most stable operation of the vortex installation in comparison with the above methods of connecting the container 47 with the vortex device 4.

 The location of at least part of the vortex device 4 from the entrance to it inside the tank 47 can reduce the dimensions of the vortex installation and to some extent increase the efficiency of using wind energy for its operation.

 With insufficient high-speed wind pressure, which does not ensure the normal operation of the vortex unit, the air supply from the tank 47 to each vortex device 4, which operates in parallel, can be carried out by a pumping device 55 connected to the first 47 and 4 using the inlet section 56 and the outlet section 57 of the bypass pipe 58. In this case, between the tank 47 and each pumping device 4, control shut-off devices 59, 60 are installed (Fig. 16). The operation of the injection device 55 occurs when the closed control shut-off device 54 (devices) is installed on the pipe 53, which provides direct air supply from the tank 47 to the vortex device 4. By means of control shut-off devices 59, 60, by their regulation, the optimal operation mode of the vortex installation is ensured, and also achieved with sufficient wind for the normal operation of the installation, the shutdown of the discharge device 55.

 In the case described above, i.e., with insufficient high-speed wind pressure, a pumping device 55 can be installed between the tank 47 and the vortex devices 4, providing air supply to at least each two vortex devices 4 connected in parallel, thereby achieving a compact installation with an increase in its productivity due to the increase in the number of vortex devices 4. In this case, between the tank 47 and each pumping device 55, as well as between the last 55 in the section 57, until the branching of the pipe 58 in the direction enii flow and at least two respective parallel-connected eddy regulating devices 4 mounted locking devices 59, 60 (FIG. 17).

 In the latter case, instead of installing one control shut-off device 60 between the pump 55 and at least every two vortex devices 4 connected in parallel, a control shut-off device 61 can be installed between the pump 55 and each swirl device in the direction of flow of the pipe 58 4 (Fig. 18), as well as the above-mentioned regulating locking devices 60, 61 can be installed simultaneously as in section 57 of the bypass pipe 58 to e branching in the flow direction and at least two respective parallel connected vortex devices 4 and the inlet swirl in each device 4 (FIG. 19), which increases the possibility of optimum conditions of each vortex device 4 separately.

 Further expanding the capabilities to ensure the optimal operation of each vortex device 4 of the installation is achieved by the fact that the tank 47 can be connected at least additionally sequentially in the direction of flow through sections 56, 57 of the free pipe 58 with a discharge device 55, which is connected to a sealed intermediate tank 62, and the latter, in turn, is connected to the input of at least one vortex device 4 by an individual section 63 of the bypass pipe for the last 4 yes 58, while between the tank 47 and the pump 55, between the last 55 and the sealed intermediate tank 62, as well as between the last 62 and each vortex device 4 are installed control locking devices 59, 64, 65 (Fig. 20).

 In order to achieve the compactness of the vortex unit while increasing its productivity and preserving the advantages of the above-described installation, instead of installing a separate sealed intermediate vessel 62, one sealed intermediate vessel 62 can be installed, connected to at least two parallel installed (working) vortex devices 4 using section 63 the bypass pipe 58, branching in accordance with the above into two branches, while between the tank 47 and the discharge device 55, between last 55 and a sealed intermediate tank 62, as well as between the last 62 in the area before the branching of the bypass pipe 58 in the direction of flow and at least every two vortex devices 4 connected in parallel, control shut-off devices 59, 64, 65 are installed (Fig. 21 )

 Instead of installing a control shut-off device 65 between the sealed intermediate container 62 and at least every two vortex devices 4 connected in parallel before the branching of the bypass pipe 58 and the direction of flow (Fig. 21), the control shut-off device 66 can be installed between the sealed intermediate tank 62 and each vortex device 4 (Fig. 22), as well as the above-mentioned regulating locking devices 65, 66, can be installed simultaneously as in the section 63 of the bypass pipe of the wire 58 before it branches in the direction of flow between the sealed intermediate container 62 and at least every two parallel installed (working) vortex devices 4, and at the entrance to each vortex device 4 (Fig. 23), which expands the possibilities for achieving optimal operating conditions of each vortex device 4 separately in the installation.

 In addition to the listed circuit solutions for connecting the individual elements of the vortex unit, other circuit solutions for their connection can be used.

 To enable the vortex unit to operate regardless of the wind in the section 57 of the pipeline 58 connecting the regulating locking device 59 located on the inlet side of the discharge device 55, a section of the pipe 67 communicating with the suction cavity of the discharge device 55 with the environment (atmosphere ) through the regulating locking device 68 (Fig. 16-23), which when using wind energy to operate the vortex unit is in a closed state. When air enters the discharge device 55 via line 67, the control shut-off devices 54, 59 are in a closed state.

 The improvement of the air inlet conditions under the pressure of the wind is achieved by installing at the entrance of at least each inlet 49 in the end face 48 of the container 47 of the confuser section 70, hermetically connected along the perimeter of the aforementioned hole 49 with the end face 48 of the tank 47, while the confuser section 70 is located on the outside containers 47 (Fig. 24). For compact installation, the aforementioned confuser section 70 may at least part of its length (partially), and in some cases entirely enter the tank 47 (Fig. 25).

 In order to make better use of the speed pressure created by the wind, to the edge 69 located around the perimeter of at least each inlet 49 made in the inlet end 48 of the container 47, a diffuser section 71 sealed to the above end face 48 of the tank 47 and placed on its outer side (Fig. 26). The presence of the above-mentioned diffuser section 71 at the inlet to each inlet of the container 47 allows maintaining a higher pressure inside the latter compared to the absence of such a section 71, ceteris paribus. In order to achieve compactness of the installation, the diffuser section 71 can be at least part of its length (partially), and in some cases entirely inside the tank 47 (Fig. 27).

 Efficient use of wind energy for the operation of the vortex unit is achieved by using confuser 70 and diffuser 71 sections of the tank 47 together, while diffuser section 71 (Fig. 28) or, conversely, the input the end face 73 of at least each diffuser portion 71 may be adjacent to the confuser portion 70 (FIG. 29). The choice of connection of the above sections 70, 71 is determined by the requirements for the vortex installation and its manufacturability, as well as other possible conditions.

 To reduce the input wind energy losses, the inlet end 74 with the inlet edge 75 of the vortex tube 6 (Fig. 10, 11); the inlet end 76 of the confuser section 70 of the container 47 (Fig. 24), as well as the inlet end 77 of the diffuser section 71 of the tank 47 (Fig. 26), as appropriate, are made with a sharp inlet edge facing the air flow. Depending on the wind speed, the required productivity of the vortex unit, as well as in other cases, it is advisable to install, if appropriate, a shut-off at least automatically triggered device at least at each hole 49 made in the inlet end 48 of the tank 47 (Fig. 14) ; at least at the entrance to each confuser section 70 of the tank 47 (FIG. 24, 25, 28, 29), and at least at the entrance to each diffuser section 71 of the tank 47 (FIG. 26, 27).

 For the possibility of using a vortex unit in a wider range of changes in the input air parameters, which is determined by wind force, barometric pressure, season (air temperature) and other factors, each swirl flow 1, 25 of the vortex tube 6 of the vortex device 4 can be removable (Fig. 1, 2), which allows, if necessary, to make changes in the number of working flow swirlers. In this case, the vortex tube 6 (pipes) can be equipped with at least several replaceable sets of flow swirls 1, 25, differing in characteristics of the flow swirls, and at least each flow swirl 1, 25 is removable.

 With the relatively large size of the vortex tubes 6 to prevent the possibility of mixing subjected to separation of the components of air or other media, depending on the purpose of the installation, in the previous section of the vortex tube 6 before entering the subsequent swirl flow 25 (Fig. 2) in at least each blade swirl of a stream 1, 25 installed in a vortex tube 6 of a vortex device 4, at least each channel 78 formed by two adjacent vanes 79 can be divided into at least two channels 80, 81 by a side section 8 2 in accordance with the above one at least a cylindrical hollow body of revolution 83 (Fig. 30), coaxial vortex tube 6 of the vortex device 4, and at least each peripheral channel 81 located between at least every two adjacent vanes 79 can be divided by at least one partition 84 located in the latter case between the lateral sides (surfaces) of two adjacent vanes 79 (FIG. thirty). The geometric shape of the partitions dividing the interscapular channels 78, their number in each interscapular channel 78 and other characteristics are determined by the above conditions and may be different. In addition, the principle of dividing the interscapular space into channels may be different.

 Improving the conditions for entering the air flow into the swirl flow 1, 25 is achieved by the fact that each end face 85, 86 facing the flow of each partition 82, 84 made in each channel 78, 81 of the blade swirl flow 1, 25 formed by two adjacent vanes 79 , is pointed (Fig. 30). The number of partitions between each two adjacent blades 79 of the flow swirl 1, 25 is determined by the achieved result on the basis of experimental data.

 In some cases, and in particular with large geometrical dimensions of the vortex tube 6, it may be advisable to use the embodiment of the blade vortex swirls 1, 25, when at least each of them is made with a central at least cylindrical and coaxial vortex tube 6 hole (passage ) 88 at least for the passage of part of the stream (Fig. 31). Depending on the functions performed by the vortex installation, the central passage (channel 2) can be used to accommodate the flow swirls behind its inlet section along the flow movement. In this case, the blades 87 can be placed outside the annular element 90, the inner surface of which forms an opening 89 for at least part of the flow, and the end face 91 of the element 90, facing the flow, is pointed (Fig. 32). In this case, flow swirls with a central hole can alternate with those previously considered, i.e. without a central hole, as well as the cross section of the latter can decrease in the direction of flow of each subsequent swirl flow. There are other possible options for the implementation and installation of flow swirls with a Central hole in the vortex tube 6.

 The inner surface of the vortex tube 6 of the vortex device 4 can be performed at least in a cylindrical shape (Fig. 1, 2). However, in necessary cases, depending on various factors, it can be performed on its separate sections of a different form.

 The fastening and installation of the flow swirls in the vortex tube 6 can be carried out in various ways with the implementation of the fixation of the flow swirls from turning them around the axis of the vortex tube 6 under the influence of the incoming air flow. Moreover, in sequentially working vortex tubes, the fastening of the flow swirls can be performed in different ways, since the degree of air separation in the corresponding vortex device will be different.

 For the intensification of the process of separation of a combustible component from the air, as well as for the multifunctional use of a vortex unit, the intensification of the process of separation of nitrogen from oxygen, which is necessary for fuel combustion in power plants and other plants, occurring at a maximum value of the peripheral velocity in the flow cross sections less than its critical value, it is advisable to perform peripheral channels 92 in its wall, communicated in each of its sections (along their entire length) with the interior of the vortex tube 6, which create resistance to the rotational movement of the flow (Figs. 33, 34). Such channels 92 accelerate the process of replacing less heavy particles of air or another medium with heavy ones in the direction of the axis of rotation of the stream.

 The cross-sectional shape of the channels 92 may be different, including it may be cylindrical (Fig. 33); may be rectangular in shape (Fig. 34) and other shapes. The axis of each channel can coincide with the plane of the longitudinal section of the vortex tube 6, while the channels 92 are placed symmetrically relative to the axis of the last 6 (Fig. 3, 33, 34), and each channel 92 can be screw (Fig. 3, 33, 34) . In the latter case, the swirl direction of each screw channel 92 may either coincide with the direction of rotation of the air flow, or it may be opposite to the swirl direction of the air flow. The choice of a method of braking a rotating flow, due to which heavier air particles due to the loss of peripheral speed, accelerate their movement to the axis of rotation of the flow, is based on experimental studies.

 Depending on the purpose of the vortex installation, its design and the composition of its constituent elements, to improve the control characteristics of the first, as well as to be able to take samples of the medium and other conditions, the output 24 of the peripheral flow from the vortex tube from the vortex device 4 may communicate with the installation atmosphere through the regulating locking device (Fig. 1).

In order to be able to reconfigure the vortex device 4 to another medium separation mode, determined by many factors, including the percentage of shared media in the stream, it is advisable to supply the inlet section 7 of the pipe 2 with a set of interchangeable orifice plates 93 s for the exit of the central stream of the divided medium from the vortex pipe 6 at least a cylindrical hole 94, coaxial with the vortex tube 6, differing from each other by at least the size of the passage section of the hole 94 for the exit of the Central stream (Fig. 35). The output end 95 of each interchangeable diaphragm 93 is made with a sharp inlet edge 96, at least coinciding with the surface 97 described by the radius r _{1 of the} hole 94 of the diaphragm 93 (Fig. 35). In order to expand the range of use of the vortex installation, the sharp inlet edge 96 of the end face 95 of the diaphragm 93 may be located at a radius different from the above radius r ₁ .

 Depending on the purpose of the vortex installation, the dimensions of each vortex device 4, the performance, the composition of the shared media, the adjustment method, design, and a number of other factors, it is advisable to perform the output section of the outlet 3 of the peripheral flow located behind the output section 6-6 of the vortex tube 6 of the vortex device 4, in the form of an expanded part, which is a chamber 98, through the inner space of which passes the pipe 2 of the central flow of divided air, and the outlet above of the indicated pipe 2 to the outside of the chamber 98, in this case, is carried out through at least the stuffing box seal 99 in the wall of the latter 98 (Fig. 1). In necessary cases, at the outlet of the peripheral flow from the vortex tube 6 of the vortex device 4, a throttle valve can be installed through the body of which the exhaust pipe 2 passes, ensuring their mutual axial movement and the tightness of this movable connection.

 Depending on the purpose of the vortex unit, its structural design and the composition of its constituent elements, for the possibility of taking medium samples, improving regulatory characteristics and other conditions, the chamber 98 can be communicated by an individual exhaust pipe 100 with the atmosphere, at the outlet of which a control shut-off device 101 is installed (Fig. 1).

 The output of the peripheral flow from the vortex tube 6 of the vortex device 4 through the peripheral channel 3 by at least an individual pipe 100 can also communicate with the atmosphere, and a control shut-off device 101 is installed on it (Fig. 1).

 To ensure the versatility of the vortex unit and the possibility of its operation under optimal conditions when changing the parameters of the air device 4 and other media entering the vortex tube 6, the improvement of its adjusting qualities is achieved by at least one chamber 98 of at least one vortex device 4 into which the peripheral flow is at least connected by a branch pipe 24 to the suction device 102 (Fig. 1). When using wind energy to operate a vortex unit and maintaining pressure in the chamber 98 (chambers) below atmospheric pressure to create a vacuum in the last 98, at least one specially designed (depending on performance) specially designed air ejector using kinetic energy of the wind.

 In some cases, and especially with a large installation capacity, it is advisable to connect at least one chamber 98 of at least one vortex device 4 with a branch pipe 24 with a sealed container 103, and connect the last 103 with a pipe 104 with a suction device 105 when a control shut-off device is installed on the pipe 104 106 (Fig. 36). In this case, it is also advisable to improve the ability to adjust the vortex installation at least in each individual section of the outlet 24 of the peripheral flow of each vortex device 4 connecting the device 4 to the sealed container 103, an adjusting locking device 22, 107 (Fig. 37).

 When connecting the outlet pipe 23 of the Central flow of the divided medium from the vortex tube 6 of the vortex device 4 with a number of series-connected elements, it is advisable to communicate the above branch pipe 23 at least branch section 108 of the pipe 23 with the atmosphere (Fig. 36). At the same time, a regulating locking device 109 is installed on the branch section 108 of the central 23 branch pipe 23 from the vortex tube 6 (Fig. 36).

 In the multifunctional use of the vortex unit, and in particular for the separation of nitrogen and oxygen, which differ slightly in molecular weight, it is advisable to continue the separation of the above air components after separation of the combustible component from the air, for which, at the connector 11 of the vortex tube 6, at least at least one swirl flow 110, providing additional swirling the flow of shared media (Fig. 2). The number of the above components, the inner diameter of the vortex tube 6 and a number of other factors is determined on the basis of experimental studies.

When separating a multicomponent medium and exiting through the central outlet 2 of the medium to be further separated in the installation, it is advisable to ensure its efficient operation and compactness that the central outlet 2 of the separated medium from the vortex tube 6 of the vortex device 4 is made integral, consisting of two coaxial parts 111, 112, at the same time, at least one flow swirl 113 is installed inside the outlet 111 part of the outlet 2 located on the exit side of the vortex tube 6, providing at least a swirl of the aforementioned part 111 of the outlet 2 of the medium flow, and the second part 112 of the outlet 2 of the central stream is made in the form of a pipe 114, the outer radius r _{2 of} which is smaller than the inner radius r _{3 of the} first part 111 of the outlet 2 passing inside (through) the body of the throttle valve 115 mounted on the output of the first part 111 of branch 2 (Fig. 38).

 As noted above, to ensure the universality of the installation and the possibility of its operation under optimal conditions when changing the parameters of the air and other media 4 entering the vortex tube 6, the improvement of its adjusting qualities is achieved by the fact that the pipe 23 of the outlet 2 of the central flow of the divided medium from the vortex tube 6 at least one vortex device 4 can be connected to a suction device 116 installed in series (Fig. 1).

 In order to ensure greater versatility and improve the operational and regulatory qualities of the installation, the pipe 23 of the outlet 2 of the central flow of the divided medium from the vortex tube 6 of at least one vortex device 4 can be connected to a sealed container 117, and the last 117 is connected by a pipe 118 to a suction device 119, and on the pipe 118 between the sealed container 117 and the suction device 119 is installed regulating locking device 120 (Fig. 37). In order to optimize the operation of each individually vortex device 4, at least in each individual section 23, 121 of the outlet 2 of the central flow of each vortex device 4, connecting the latter with a sealed container 117, an adjusting locking device 21, 122 is installed (Fig. 39).

 The installation of at least one vortex device 4 of the installation with the possibility of its rotation (± β) around the axis using a specially made rotary device 123 allows you to rotate the vortex device 4 when changing the direction of wind movement under the influence of the latter, providing maximum efficiency in the use of kinetic wind energy included in the vortex tube 6 of the above device 4, due to at least the coincidence of the wind direction with the axis 28 of the vortex tube 6 of the device Twa 4 (Fig. 13).

 Moreover, the rotation of the above specially made rotary device 123 can be performed by a mechanical drive to ensure the above purpose, i.e. ensuring at least coincidence of the wind direction with the axis 28 of the vortex tube 6 of the vortex device 4 (Fig. 4).

 In addition, if necessary, the vortex installation can be performed with the possibility of ensuring the above rotation (± β) of the vortex device 4 as one of the above methods, and the other, by disabling the mechanical drive while ensuring its rotation under the influence of wind.

 When air enters the vortex device 4 from the container 47 located in front of the entrance to the vortex device, the above container 47 can be mounted on a turntable 124 equipped with a rotary device 123 that rotates the platform 124 (± β) with the above capacity 47 when the wind direction changes under the influence of the latter, for which the container 47 itself is made at least in the form of a streamlined stream from the incoming air stream of the wing, in other words, a streamlined shape is performed, providing which symmetrically flows around it with an incoming air flow (Figs. 14, 15), and when the wind direction changes, it provides at least a coincidence of the wind direction with the axis of symmetry 125 of the cross section of the tank 47.

 The aforementioned tank 47 mounted on a turntable 124 provided with a rotary device 123 can be actuated by changing the direction of the wind using a mechanical drive (FIG. 14). Also, the rotation of the tank 47 with the platform 124 on the rotary device 123 can be carried out depending on the operating conditions of the vortex unit both under the influence of the wind and with the help of a mechanical drive, for which the mechanical drive is equipped with a mechanism disconnecting from the rotary device to turn it off if necessary. In the above cases, in certain areas for removal of a combustible component or mixture of air components, etc. flexible hoses are used as pipelines, providing freedom for the necessary rotation of the corresponding rotary device of the installation at an angle of ± β.

 At least one vortex device 4 and a container 47, similar to the above, can be installed on the rotary platform 124, moreover, the rotation of the platform 124, equipped with the rotary device 123, by an angle ± β about the axis with the above vortex device 4 and the capacity 47 when changing direction the movement of the wind can be carried out under the influence of the latter, at least to match the direction of the wind with the axis 23 of the vortex device (Fig. 14), and the rotary device 123 can drive tsya in effect when the direction of wind motion using a mechanical actuator (FIG. 14).

 The elements of the vortex installation can be placed on the turntable 126, ensuring its compactness, while the turret 126 is equipped with a rotary device 127, which ensures its rotation by an angle ± β around axis 128 when the wind direction changes under the influence of the latter (Fig. 40), and the rotary device 127 may be driven by a mechanical drive (FIG. 40). In addition, both methods of securing the rotation of the platform 126 can, if necessary, be used for the same vortex installation.

 In order to increase the velocity head of the air entering the vortex device 4 (device), the vortex installation may include an artificially created wind tunnel 129, which is a "wind trap", inside which the constituent elements of the vortex installation are placed (Fig. 41). In this case, the artificially created wind tunnel 129 is mounted on a specially made rotary device 130, which ensures its rotation by an angle ± β around the axis 131 when the wind direction changes under the force of the latter (Fig. 41), as well as the rotation of the wind tunnel 129 on the rotary device 130 when changing the direction of wind movement, it can be carried out using a mechanical drive (Fig. 41), or it can be possible to use one or another method depending on the presence of wind why the mechanical drive is equipped with a tripping device.

 To prevent breakdown of the vortex unit and for other reasons, at least each rotary device 123, 127, 130 can be equipped with rotation limiters that enable the device to rotate at a certain maximum fixed angle on both sides of the average base position of the installation (Fig. 4, 13, 14 , 40, 41). If necessary, the maximum rotation angle can be changed, for which the rotation limiters are equipped with a special adjusting device. To increase the reliability and stability of the vortex installation, it may include devices that ensure smooth rotation of at least each rotary device.

 Due to the low percentage of the combustible component in the air for industrial production of the first, the vortex devices 4 can at least be bundled and placed at the installation site at least in the corridor order and connected at least for parallel operation (Fig. 1, 2 ), and can also be placed at least in a checkerboard pattern and connected at least for parallel operation (Fig. 1, 2), and can also be placed in a different order. In this case, depending on the percentage of impurities in the combustible component, the vortex devices in the installation can be connected both for parallel operation and for sequential operation, in order to improve the quality of the combustible component obtained in the vortex installation.

 The composition of the vortex installation may include a movable object, on which its components are placed and during the movement of which a high-speed air pressure is created, which ensures its supply to each vortex device 4 and its twisting when moving inside the vortex tube 6 of the corresponding device 4 (Fig. 1, 2 ) The presence of such a moving object in the installation significantly expands the range of its use, including transport.

 Depending on the productivity of the vortex device 4 of the installation, and accordingly the hermetic dimensions of the vortex tube 6, the amount emitted with a low percentage in the medium of the component and other factors, the constructive implementation of the passage 15 between adjacent ends 16, 17 of the parts 9, 19 of the vortex tube 6 may be different. So, all the points of the edge 132 of the end face 16 of the vortex tube part 6 part 9 located on the entrance to the last 6 side obtained from the intersection of the surface of the above end face 16 with the inner surface of the above vortex tube part 6 9 can be located at a distance c measured from the axis 28 vortex tube 6 in a radial direction greater than the distance d at which all points of the edge 133 of the end face 17 adjacent to the above end face 16, the other part 10 of the vortex tube 6 located on the exit side of the last 6 are located, with the last edge 133 the end face 17 is obtained in the same way as the above, and the above ends 16, 17 of the parts 9, 10 of the vortex tube 6 form an annular passage 15 for the outlet of the peripheral wall flow of the divided medium (Fig. 2); all points of the above edge 132 of the end face 16 of part 9 of the vortex tube 6 can be located at a distance c less than the distance d at which all points of the edge 133 of the end face 17 of part 10 of the vortex tube 6 are located (Fig. 2), as well as the edges 132, 133 of adjacent ends 16, 17 of the parts 9, 10 of the vortex tube 6, obtained from the intersection of the inner surfaces of the above parts 9, 10 of the vortex tube 6 with the surfaces of the respective ends 16, 17, can be located on the same cylindrical surface c = d (Fig. 2).

 In the first case (c> d), the protruding edge 133 of the end face 17 of the vortex tube part 6, 6, facing the flow, makes it possible to remove a thin wall peripheral layer of the divided medium moving at the surface of the vortex tube part 9, and the width of the passage 15 for the divided medium between adjacent end faces 16, 17 is minimal in comparison with other variants of the ratio of c and d, ceteris paribus.

 In the second case (c <d) the above width of the passage 15 is maximum. Moreover, the amount of impurities entering the annular chamber 12 with the divided medium increases to exit the peripheral wall flow. The third case (c = d) occupies an intermediate position between the two above.

 The choice of geometric characteristics, the shape of the surfaces of the parts 9, 10 of the vortex tube 6 are achieved on the basis of experimental studies. Moreover, the design methods that ensure the implementation of the above options for parts 9, 10 of the vortex tube with the corresponding edges 132, 133 of the ends 16, 17 of the above parts of the vortex tube may be different, i.e. achieved in different ways.

 In order to provide control over the operation of the vortex installation to separate the combustible component from the air, the annular chamber 12 of at least each vortex device 4 can be equipped with an individual pipe 134 with at least a control shut-off device 135 installed on it to select a part of the peripheral wall-mounted peripheral chamber 12 flow of a divided medium (Fig. 1).

 To ensure the possibility of using the vortex unit in various conditions and modes of its operation, the latter can be equipped with a set of replaceable vortex tubes, while at least some parts of them (by the number of pipes) differ in their characteristics. Parallel working (installed) vortex tubes in this case, as a rule, are performed with the same characteristics.

 The proposed vortex unit can be widely used to separate hydrogen from air, as well as helium, but due to the very low percentage of the latter in the air, it is necessary to direct the medium obtained in a number of parallel working vortex tubes into a sequentially working vortex device for further separation with the release of pure hydrogen and helium.

 Structural execution in series with the first installed vortex devices in the installation, which in turn can be connected to each other in parallel, is carried out similarly to the first vortex device, i.e. all the features of its structural implementation are also applied to subsequent vortex devices.

 The vortex unit can also be used to separate other gases from the air, except for its listed components. In this regard, the output part of the vortex devices of the installation, i.e. adjacent to the output section of the vortex tube of the device, can be performed in other versions, providing a separate output of the separated air components (gas mixture, etc.) not in two, but in several channels. If necessary, a throttle valve can be installed.

 To optimize the operating mode of the vortex installation and the possibility of conducting scientific research in vortex tubes along their length, special channels (drilling) can be performed for sampling for analysis in order to determine the composition of the components of the shared air (gas mixture, etc.) in one or another section of the vortex device , and special sampling locations on pipelines and other plant components may also be provided.

 The vortex unit is equipped with the necessary measuring equipment for monitoring its operation and means of change for studying the processes occurring in it during operation.

 Installation can be performed fully automated with the management of its work from the central control panel.

 To improve technical characteristics and others, namely to increase its service life, reduce the weight of the installation, reduce the cost of its manufacture and others, some of its elements, including vortex tubes, can be made of materials that replace metals, such as plastics.

 Thus, the method of isolating a combustible component from air and the installation device is based on the law of a freely rotating vortex flow with an inhomogeneous density field and with a different molecular weight of the components, discovered by the author in 1994. The separation method and the vortex installation for its implementation can be used both for the separation of the combustible component from the air and its other components, including the separation of the nitrogen and oxygen can be simultaneously carried out. Also, the method and installation can be widely used both as a whole in the proposed installation, as well as in its allocated part, which provides the process of separation of various media in vortex flows in various industries, in particular chemical industry, thermal and nuclear energy, transport, oil and gas and processing industries and in many other industries.

Claims (87)

 1. A vortex installation for separating a combustible component from the air, comprising at least a vortex device with a flow swirl installed in the inlet section of the vortex tube, and a peripheral channel with an annular inlet section for diverting the peripheral stream and the output of the central flow of the separated media, located with the opposite input a portion of the vortex tube of the side, wherein the peripheral channel at its initial portion for withdrawing the peripheral flow of the divided medium is formed by the inner surface of the vortex loss and the outer surface of the pipe section located inside the outlet section of the vortex tube in the base position is coaxial with the latter, and the central flow of the above medium is discharged through at least one channel, which in the latter case serves as the above pipe section located inside the outlet section of the vortex pipe, characterized in that the vortex tube is made of at least two separate coaxially installed parts, while the pipe connector is located at least a flow swirl mounted on the inlet section of the vortex tube, and on the outer side of the latter an annular chamber is made covering the aforementioned connector of the vortex tube, while the outer surface of the vortex plays at least the role of the side wall of the chamber, and the end walls of the latter are connected to the vortex tube tight with the possibility of axial movement of at least one part of the vortex tube relative to the other part of the latter with the formation of an annular gap between the ends of the above parts vortex tube to exit from the last wall peripheral flow of the divided medium into an annular chamber, on the pipe of the medium from which the regulating shut-off device is installed, and the end face facing the flow, the part of the vortex tube located on the outlet side of the stream from the latter is made at least with a sharp inlet edge, and on each of the taps of the divided media from the channels of the vortex device, a regulating locking device is installed.  2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that at least a second flow swirl is installed inside the vortex tube of the installation at a distance from the flow swirl located at its inlet section, at least for re-swirling the latter during operation of the installation, at least each subsequent in the direction of flow flow swirl is installed at least with the possibility of displacement in the axial direction of the vortex tube.  3. Installation according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that at least each flow swirl installed in the vortex tube of the installation is made with blades, and the blades are installed at least with the possibility of rotation to change the exit angle of the flow of shared media from the above swirl to the axis of the vortex tube.  4. Installation according to paragraphs. 1 to 3, characterized in that at the entrance to the vortex tube of the installation is installed regulating locking device.  5. Installation according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that at least the vortex device of the installation is installed with the possibility of rotation around an axis to ensure at least the direction of the air flow generated by the wind and entering the vortex tube of the device coincides with the axis vortex tube during installation operation.  6. Installation according to paragraphs. 1 to 5, characterized in that the flow swirl adjacent to the connector of the parts of the vortex tube to exit the wall peripheral flow of the divided medium and located along the flow in front of the above connector is installed with the possibility of axial displacement of the vortex tube to change the distance between the output section of the above flow swirl and connector.  7. Installation according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the part of the vortex tube installed with the possibility of movement in the axial direction is made with the possibility of rotation by an angle around its axis relative to its base position, in which the maximum width of the gap formed when moving in the axial direction one part of the vortex tube relative to its other part, is measured at least in the vertical plane of symmetry of the vortex tube from the bottom of the last, located at least horizontally, while the gap width the perimeter of the vortex tube in the direction upward of the latter in the above case decreases symmetrically with respect to the above diametrical plane on both sides of the vortex tube.  8. Installation according to claims 1 to 7, characterized in that at least one of the sections of the vortex tube located between adjacent flow swirls is made in the form of a “pipe in pipe” with a corresponding at least stuffing box packing to allow axial moving one of the parts of the vortex tube relative to its other part to change the distance between adjacent flow swirls.  9. Installation according to paragraphs. 1 to 8, characterized in that the annular chamber for exiting from the vortex device wall peripheral flow of the divided medium of at least one vortex device is connected by a pipe to the removal of the medium mounted on it with a control shut-off device with a sealed container connected by a pipe to the suction device.  10. Installation according to claims 1 and 9, characterized in that at least a regulating locking device is installed on the pipeline connecting the sealed container to the suction device.  11. Installation according to claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the annular chamber for exiting from the vortex device the wall peripheral flow of the divided medium of at least one vortex device is connected by a pipe for withdrawing the medium with a control shut-off device installed on it with the input of a series-mounted vortex device.  12. Installation according to claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the annular chamber for exiting from the vortex device the wall peripheral flow of the separated medium of at least one vortex device is connected by a pipe for withdrawing the medium with a control shut-off device installed on it with a sealed container connected by a pipe with the entrance of at least one vortex device.  13. Installation according to claims 1 and 12, characterized in that on the pipeline connecting the sealed container to the inlet of the vortex device, an adjusting locking device is installed.  14. Installation according to claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the input section of the flow swirl located at the input section of the vortex tube of the device coincides with the input section of the latter.  15. Installation according to claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the input section of the flow swirl located at the input section of the vortex tube of the device is mixed in the direction of flow relative to the input section of the latter.  16. Installation according to claims 1 and 15, characterized in that a part of the inlet section of the vortex tube of the device located at least between the inlet section of the latter and the inlet section of the flow swirl located at the inlet section of the vortex tube in the direction of movement of the air stream is made in the form confuser.  17. Installation according to paragraphs. 1 and 16, characterized in that on the inner surface of the confuser section of the vortex tube of the device placed blades for swirling the incoming air flow, while the direction of the above swirl coincides with the direction of the swirl flow in the swirl flow installed on the inlet section of the vortex tube.  18. Installation according to claims 1, 5 to 17, characterized in that at least on both sides of the vortex tube of the device at least symmetrically to its diametrical plane, located in the operating state of the installation at least vertically, longitudinal ribs are made in the form of wings with streamlined contours and, respectively, ends facing the air inlet into the vortex tube.  19. Installation according to claims 1 to 3, 5 to 18, characterized in that at least one vortex device is connected to a container made at least in the form of a wing streamlined from the side of the incoming air flow, located at least symmetrically with respect to the diametrical plane a vortex device, in this case, in the operating state of the installation, the inlet end face of the tank, facing the air flow, occupies at least a vertical position and at least one opening is made in it, communicating inside the outer space of the container with the environment, and the inlet of the vortex tube of the device is in communication with the internal space of the above container, while at least the vortex device and the container are connected so that they can be rotated through an angle around the axis.  20. Installation according to claims 1 and 19, characterized in that at least two vortex devices are connected in parallel with a container made at least in the form of a wing streamlined from the incoming air stream, and the inlet of each vortex tube of the device is in communication with the internal the space of the above capacity.  21. Installation according to paragraphs. 1, 19 and 20, characterized in that the inlet end of each vortex device is hermetically connected to at least the aft end of the container, made at least in the form of a wing streamlined around the incoming air stream.  22. Installation according to claims 1, 19 and 20, characterized in that at least part of the vortex device from the entrance to it is placed inside the tank, made at least in the form of a wing streamlined from the incoming air stream, and its tight connection with capacity made on its outer surface.  23. Installation according to claims 1 and 19, characterized in that at least each vortex device is connected to the vessel by at least a pipeline.  24. Installation according to claims 1, 19 and 23, characterized in that on each pipeline connecting at least each vortex device with a container, an adjusting locking device is installed.  25. Installation according to claims 1, 19 and 24, characterized in that, at least in addition, between the vessel and each vortex device there is a discharge device connected to the first by means of sections of the pipeline inlet to the discharge device and supplying air from it containers through the bypass pipe into the corresponding vortex device, while between the tank and each pumping device, as well as between the last and each vortex device, control shut-off devices are installed.  26. Installation according to claims 1, 19 and 24, characterized in that at least in addition between the tank and at least every two vortex devices connected in parallel, there is one discharge device connected to the first by means of sections of the input to the discharge device and the output, branching parallel in accordance with the above for the last at least two sections of the bypass pipe, while between the tank and each pumping device, as well as between the latter in the section before branching ruboprovoda in the flow direction and at least two respective parallel-connected eddy regulating devices installed locking devices.  27. Installation according to claims 1, 19 and 24, characterized in that at least in addition between the tank and at least every two vortex devices connected in parallel, there is one discharge device connected to the first by means of sections of the input to the discharge device and the output, in parallel branching in accordance with the aforementioned after the last at least two sections of the bypass pipe, while between the tank and each pumping device, as well as between the last and each vortex devices Ohm installed control locking devices.  28. Installation according to claims 1, 19 and 24, characterized in that at least in addition between the tank and at least every two vortex devices connected in parallel, there is one discharge device connected to the first by means of sections of the input to the discharge device and the output, branching in parallel in accordance with the above, after the last at least two sections, the bypass pipe, while between the tank and each pumping device, between the last on the bypass pipe section to its branching in the direction of flow and at least every two vortex devices connected in parallel, as well as regulating locking devices are installed at the entrance to each vortex device.  29. Installation according to claims 1, 19 and 24, characterized in that the container is at least additionally sequentially connected in the direction of flow through sections of the bypass pipe to a pumping device that is connected to a sealed intermediate tank, and the latter is connected to the inlet of at least at least one vortex device individual for the last section of the bypass pipe, while between the tank and the discharge device, between the last and the sealed intermediate tank, and also between the last and each smoke vortex device mounted control locking devices.  30. Installation according to claims 1, 19 and 24, characterized in that the container is at least additionally sequentially connected in the direction of flow in sections of the bypass pipe to a pumping device that is connected to a sealed intermediate tank, and the latter is connected to at least two vortex devices installed in parallel with the help of a section of the bypass pipeline branching in accordance with the above into two branches, while between the tank and the discharge device, between the last and rmetichnoy intermediate vessel as well as between the latter on to the branching portion of the bypass pipe in the flow direction and at least two respective parallel-connected eddy regulating devices installed locking devices.  31. Installation according to paragraphs. 1, 19 and 24, characterized in that the tank, at least additionally sequentially in the direction of flow, is connected using sections of the bypass pipe to a pumping device, which is connected to a sealed intermediate tank, and the latter is connected to at least two in parallel installed vortex devices using a section of the bypass pipeline branching in accordance with the above into two branches, while between the tank and the discharge device, between the last and the tight ezhutochnoy capacity, as well as between the latter and each vortex device installed regulating shutoff device.  32. Installation according to claims 1, 19 and 24, characterized in that the container is at least additionally sequentially in the direction of flow of the stream connected by sections of the bypass pipe with a discharge device, which is connected to a sealed intermediate tank, and the latter is connected to at least two vortex devices installed in parallel with the help of a section of the bypass pipeline branching in accordance with the above into two branches, while between the tank and the discharge device, between the last and metichnoy intermediate vessel, between the latter in the area of the bypass pipeline to its branch in the flow direction and at least two respective parallel connected vortex devices, and at the inlet of each vortex device installed regulating shutoff device.  33. Installation according to paragraphs. 1, 19, 25 - 32, characterized in that in the pipeline section connecting the regulating locking device located on the inlet side of the discharge device, a section of the pipeline is cut into the pipeline connecting the suction cavity of the discharge device with the environment through the adjustment locking device.  34. Installation according to claims 1, 19 to 33, characterized in that the confuser section, hermetically connected, is adjacent to the edge located around the perimeter of at least each inlet made in the inlet end of the container, adjacent to the inlet for air entering the last container with the above end of the tank and located on its outer side.  35. Installation according to claims 1, 19 to 33, characterized in that at least at each inlet made in the inlet end of the container at least part of its length enters the latter and is hermetically connected to the above end of the container inlet for air entering inside the container, confuser area.  36. Installation according to claims 1, 19 to 33, characterized in that to the edge located around the perimeter of at least each inlet made in the inlet end of the container is adjacent to the inlet for air entering the container, a diffuser section, hermetically connected to the above end of the tank and located on its outer side.  37. Installation according to claims 1, 19 to 33, characterized in that at least at each inlet made in the inlet end of the tank, at least part of its length enters the latter and is hermetically connected to the above end of the inlet air tank entering the tank, diffuser section.  38. Installation according to claims 1, 34 and 35, characterized in that the diffuser section adjoins the outlet end of at least each confusor section.  39. Installation according to claims 1, 36 and 37, characterized in that the confuser section adjoins the input end of at least each diffuser section.  40. Installation according to claims 1 to 3, 5 to 20, 22, 34 to 39, characterized in that the inlet end of the vortex tube of the vortex device is made with a sharp inlet edge facing towards the movement of the air stream.  41. Installation according to claims 1, 34, 35, 38 and 39, characterized in that the inlet end face of the confuser section of the container is made with a sharp inlet edge facing towards the movement of the air stream.  42. Installation according to claims 1, 36 and 37, characterized in that the inlet end of the diffuser section of the vessel is made with a sharp inlet edge facing the air flow.  43. Installation according to claims 1, 19 to 33, characterized in that at least each hole made in the input end of the tank is equipped with a locking device, at least automatically triggered.  44. Installation according to claims 1, 34, 35, 38 and 39, characterized in that at least at the entrance to each confuser section of the tank there is a locking device, at least automatically triggered.  45. Installation according to claims 1, 36 and 37, characterized in that at least at the entrance to each diffuser section of the tank there is a locking device, at least automatically triggered.  46. Installation according to claims 1, 2 and 4 - 45, characterized in that at least in each scapular flow swirl mounted in the vortex tube of the vortex device, at least each channel formed by two adjacent blades is divided into at least two channel side section in accordance with the above one at least a cylindrical hollow body of revolution, coaxial vortex tube of the device.  47. Installation according to claims 1 and 46, characterized in that at least in each vane flow swirl installed in the vortex tube of the vortex device, at least each peripheral channel located between at least every two adjacent blades is divided by at least one partition located in the latter case between the sides of two adjacent blades.  48. Installation according to claims 1, 46 and 47, characterized in that each end face facing the flow of each septum made in each channel of the scapular flow swirl formed by two adjacent blades is made pointed.  49. Installation according to claims 1 to 45, characterized in that at least each scapular flow swirl is made with a central at least cylindrical vane-free passage coaxial with the vortex tube of the vortex device for passing part of the flow.  50. Installation according to claims 1, 2, 4 - 45, characterized in that at least each scapular flow swirl is made with a hole at least for the passage of a part of the central cylindrical and coaxial vortex tube of the vortex device, and the blades are located outside an annular element, the inner surface of which forms the aforementioned hole, while the end face of the above element, facing the flow, is made pointed.  51. Installation according to claims 1 to 50, characterized in that the inner surface of the vortex tube of the vortex device is made of at least a cylindrical shape.  52. Installation according to claims 1 to 51, characterized in that at least part of the length of the vortex tube of the vortex device located at least on the inlet side of the air flow into the latter, peripheral channels are made in its wall, communicated along their entire length with the inner space of the vortex tube, to create resistance to the rotational movement of the flow.  53. Installation according to claims 1 to 52, characterized in that the peripheral flow output from the vortex tube of the vortex device is communicated with the atmosphere through the regulating locking device during operation of the installation.  54. Installation according to claims 1 to 53, characterized in that the inlet pipe section for the exit of the central flow of the divided medium from the vortex tube of the vortex device is equipped with a set of interchangeable diaphragms with at least a cylindrical hole coaxial with the vortex tube, at least different from each other the dimensions of the orifice of the hole for the exit of the Central stream.  55. Installation according to claims 1 and 54, characterized in that the end face of each interchangeable diaphragm inlet for the central flow is made with a sharp inlet edge at least coinciding with the surface described by the radius of the diaphragm opening.  56. Installation according to claims 1 to 55, characterized in that the output section of the peripheral flow outlet located behind the exit section of the vortex tube of the vortex device is made in the form of an expanded part, which is a chamber, through the inner space of which there is a pipe for the removal of the central flow divided air entering the last of the pipe section located inside the outlet section of the vortex tube, and the outlet of the above pipe outlet to the outside of the chamber is made at least through the stuffing box seal in the wall of the latter.  57. Installation according to claims 1 and 56, characterized in that at least the chamber through which the peripheral stream exits from the vortex tube is at least communicated with an individual exhaust pipe with atmosphere, at the outlet of which a control shut-off device is installed.  58. Installation according to claims 1, 56 and 57, characterized in that at least the chamber of at least one vortex device, into which the peripheral stream from the vortex tube exits, is at least connected by a drain pipe of the above flow to a suction device.  59. Installation according to claims 1, 56 and 57, characterized in that at least the chamber of the at least one vortex device into which the peripheral flow from the vortex tube exits is connected by a pipe to the outlet of the above stream with a sealed container, and the latter is connected by a pipe to a suction device, while on the pipeline between the sealed container and the suction device installed regulating locking device.  60. Installation according to claims 1 and 59, characterized in that at least at each individual section of the peripheral flow allotment of each vortex device connecting the latter with a sealed container, an adjusting locking device is installed.  61. Installation according to claims 1 to 60, characterized in that the pipeline for discharging the central flow of the separated medium from the vortex tube of the vortex device is connected by at least a branching section of the pipeline with the atmosphere.  62. Installation according to claims 1 to 61, characterized in that at least in the branch section of the pipe for withdrawing the central flow of the divided medium from the vortex tube of the vortex device, an adjusting locking device is installed.  63. Installation according to paragraphs. 1 - 62, characterized in that in the vortex tube of the vortex device behind the connector of the first in the direction of flow, covered outside the vortex tube by an annular chamber, at least one flow swirl is installed, which provides additional swirling of the flow of the separated media.  64. Installation according to claims 1 to 60 and 63, characterized in that the central outlet of the divided medium from the vortex tube of the vortex device is made integral, consisting of two coaxial parts, while inside the outlet located on the outlet side of the stream from the vortex tube at least one flow swirl, providing at least a swirl of the medium flow outlet included in the above part, and the second part of the central flow outlet is made in the form of a pipe, the outer radius of which is less than the inner radius of the first part the tap passing inside the body of the throttle installed at the outlet of the first part of the tap.  65. Installation according to paragraphs. 1 to 64, characterized in that the pipeline for removing the central flow of the divided medium of their vortex tube, at least one vortex device is connected to a suction device installed in series.  66. The vortex installation according to claims 1 to 64, characterized in that the pipeline for discharging the central flow of the divided medium from the vortex tube of at least one vortex device is connected to a sealed container, and the latter is connected by a pipe to a suction device, while on the pipeline between the sealed container and a suction device installed regulating locking device.  67. Installation according to claims 1 and 66, characterized in that at least at each individual section of the central flow outlet of each vortex device connecting the latter with a sealed container, an adjusting locking device is installed.  68. Installation according to paragraphs. 1, 5 - 8, 40, 46 - 67, characterized in that it is equipped with a rotary device, which is connected directly to at least one vortex device, into the vortex tube of which atmospheric air is supplied during operation of the unit, which rotates the latter when changing the direction of movement wind under the influence of the latter, at least for the coincidence of the direction of the wind with the axis of the vortex tube.  69. The installation according to claims 1, 5 to 18, 40, 46 to 67, characterized in that it is equipped with a rotary device, which is connected directly to at least one vortex device, into the vortex tube of which atmospheric air is supplied during operation of the installation, and is actuated by changing the direction of movement of the wind using a mechanical drive.  70. Installation according to claims 1, 19, 20, 23 - 67, characterized in that the tank, made at least in the form of a wing streamlined from the side of the incoming air flow, is mounted on a turntable equipped with a rotary device that rotates the platform with the above capacity when changing the direction of movement of the wind under the influence of the latter, at least for the coincidence of the direction of the wind with the axis of symmetry of the cross section of the container.  71. Installation according to claims 1, 19, 20, 23 - 67, characterized in that the container, made at least in the form of a wing streamlined from the side of the incoming air flow, is mounted on a turntable equipped with a rotary device that is actuated by changing wind direction using a mechanical drive.  72. Installation according to claims 1, 19, 21, 22, 34 - 67, characterized in that the at least one vortex device and the container, hermetically connected, made at least in the form of a wing streamlined from the incoming air flow, are mounted on a rotary a platform equipped with a rotary device that rotates the platform with the above vortex device and capacity when the wind direction changes under the influence of the latter, at least to match the wind direction with the axis of symmetry of the cross section I capacity coinciding at least with the axis of the vortex device.  73. Installation according to claims 1, 19, 21, 22, 34 - 67, characterized in that at least one vortex device and a container, hermetically connected, made at least in the form of a wing streamlined from the incoming air stream, are mounted on a rotary a platform equipped with a rotary device that is actuated by changing the direction of movement of the wind using a mechanical drive.  74. Installation according to claims 1 to 3, 5 to 73, characterized in that the vortex installation comprises a platform with the elements of the latter located on it, and the platform is equipped with a rotary device that provides its rotation by an angle around the axis when the wind direction changes under the influence of force last one.  75. Installation according to claims 1 to 3, 5 to 73, characterized in that the vortex installation comprises a platform with the elements of the latter located on it, and the platform is equipped with a rotary device, which ensures its rotation by an angle around the axis when changing the direction of the wind using mechanical drive.  76. Installation according to claims 1 to 3, 5 to 75, characterized in that the vortex installation contains an artificially created wind tunnel, inside of which the constituent elements of the vortex installation are placed.  77. Installation according to claims 1 and 76, characterized in that the artificially created wind tunnel is mounted on a rotary device that rotates it around an axis when the wind direction changes under the influence of the latter.  78. Installation according to claims 1 and 76, characterized in that the artificially created wind tunnel is mounted on a rotary device driven in action by changing the direction of wind movement using a mechanical drive.  79. Installation according to claims 1 to 3, 5 to 78, characterized in that at least each rotary device is equipped with limiters of the angle of rotation, providing at least regulation of the latter.  80. Installation according to paragraphs. 1 - 3, 5 - 79, characterized in that it includes devices that ensure smooth rotation of at least each rotary device.  81. Installation according to claims 1 to 80, characterized in that it contains at least a bundle of vortex devices located at the place of installation at least in the corridor order and connected at least for parallel operation.  82. Installation according to claims 1 to 80, characterized in that it contains at least a bunch of vortex devices located at the place of installation at least in a checkerboard pattern and connected at least for parallel operation.  83. Installation according to paragraphs. 1 - 3, 5 - 82, characterized in that it includes a movable object on which its components are placed and during the movement of which a high-speed air pressure is created, which ensures its supply to each vortex device and its twisting when moving inside the vortex tube devices.  84. Installation according to claims 1 to 83, characterized in that all points of the edge of the end of the vortex tube part located on the entrance to the last one, obtained from the intersection of the surface of the above end face with the inner surface of the above part of the vortex tube, are located at a distance counted from the axis the vortex tube in a radial direction greater than the distance at which all points of the edge of the end face adjacent to the above end face are located, the other part of the vortex tube located on the exit side of the latter, with the latter being and the end obtained above in a similar manner as above the adjacent ends of the portions of the vortex tube to form an annular gap for the outlet of wall flow split peripheral environment.  85. Installation according to claims 1 to 83, characterized in that all points of the edge of the end of the vortex tube part located on the input side of the vortex, obtained from the intersection of the surface of the above end face with the inner surface of the above part of the vortex tube, are located at a distance counted from the axis the vortex tube in a radial direction less than the distance at which all the points of the edge of the end face adjacent to the above end face are located, the other part of the vortex tube located on the exit side of the latter, the latter being and the end obtained above in a similar manner as above the adjacent ends of the vortex tube forming an annular gap for the outlet of wall flow split peripheral environment.  86. Installation according to claims 1 to 83, characterized in that the edges of the adjacent ends of the parts of the vortex tube obtained from the intersection of the inner surfaces of the above parts of the vortex tube with the surfaces of the corresponding ends are located on the same cylindrical surface.  87. Installation according to claims 1 to 86, characterized in that the annular chamber of at least each vortex device is equipped with an individual pipe with at least a regulating shut-off device installed on it to select a part of the peripheral wall flow of the divided medium entering the above chamber to control it composition.

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