RU2106991C1 - Wing-in-ground effect craft - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport engineering; dynamic air cushion vehicles of flying wing type. SUBSTANCE: wing-in-ground effect craft has cabin, wing and stabilizers. According to invention, one of stabilizers is made in form of rotary flywheel installed inside the wing on vertical axle and rigidly coupled with wheel of driven turbine. Flywheel of such craft can be made with its weight brought out to peripheral zone. It is expedient to furnish craft with landing gear made in form of two symmetrically installed spring-loaded skids hinge coupled with cabin body. All lower surface of cabin can be coated from outside with material featuring low coefficient of friction, such as fluoroplastic. EFFECT: enlarged operating capabilities. 3 cl, 10 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the design of aircraft, namely the ekranoplan, made by the type of "flying wing".

 Known ekranoplan containing a wing and aft stabilization device, including vertical and horizontal plumage [1]. However, this ekranoplan has a significant drawback, which consists in the following. To compensate for the adverse effect of the bevels of the flow behind the wing on the efficiency of the horizontal tail, the latter is very developed in the longitudinal and transverse directions and is carried out at a sufficiently large distance from the wing in the longitudinal direction. This leads to a disproportionately large size and mass of the tail unit compared to the main wing bearing, an increase in the size and weight of the entire ekranoplan, an increase in stresses and elastic deformations in its elements, which leads to a decrease in strength and stability and a decrease in aerodynamic quality. To increase the strength and stiffness of the winged hull, it is necessary to increase the thickness of the skin and tighten the hull, which ultimately leads to a noticeable decrease in the effective weight return of the winged wing.

 As a prototype, an ekranoplane was selected containing planing plates mounted on an ekranoplane and designed to create a supporting hydrodynamic force [2]. The connection between each of the planing plates and the bottom of the winged wing is made in the form of two parallel rods of the same length, located in a vertical plane and pivotally connected to the planing plate and the bottom. According to the authors of this idea, planing plates at relatively high speeds of movement are an effective stabilizer of the ekranoplan in roll and yaw. However, the use of gliding plates for ekranoplanes has a number of significant drawbacks: instability of the stabilizing effect at a high wave on the surface of the water; the inevitability of a breakdown of the stabilizing device when it collides with a floating solid object or shallow; creation of additional (hydrodynamic) resistance to ekranoplan flight; device inefficiency at low flight speeds.

 A significant drawback of all known ekranoplan designs is that they usually do not provide devices for landing the aircraft on the ground.

 The aim of the invention is to provide a device with a stable stabilizing effect in all modes of movement and flight of an ekranoplan with a simultaneous increase in the reliability of this device, as well as providing the possibility of landing an ekranoplan on the ground.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that in the winged wing containing a cockpit, a wing and stabilization devices, one of these devices is made in the form of a rotating flywheel mounted inside the wing on a vertical axis and rigidly connected to the wheel of the drive turbine; while the ekranoplan is equipped with a landing device made in the form of two symmetrically mounted spring-loaded crutches pivotally connected to the cabin body, and the aforementioned flywheel is made in such a way that its weight is maximally carried out in its peripheral zone.

 In FIG. 1 shows the proposed ekranoplan (version with screw propellers), isometric view from above, with a launch catapult; in FIG. 2-4 - ekranoplan glider in three projections; in FIG. 5 - winged wing, isometric view from above; in FIG. 6 - a flywheel with a wheel of a drive turbine; in FIG. 7 is a wing cross-section along the longitudinal axis of an ekranoplan; in FIG. 8 is a layout diagram of a landing device; in FIG. 9 - the position of the landing device in flight; in FIG. 10 - the position of the specified device during landing.

 As can be seen from FIG. 1, the proposed ekranoplane is an aircraft of the "flying wing" type and contains a wing 1, a cabin 2, a plumage 3 as one of the stabilization devices and propulsors in the form of two propellers 4.

 The wing covering of the winged wing is reinforced with stiffeners 5, 6, 7, etc. To start from the ground, it is preferable to use a catapult, which in FIG. 1 is presented in the form of guides 8 and a rubber tow 9 fixed on the ground with stakes 10, 11, etc. appropriate design. The device can be installed on guides 8, for example, the lower corners of the cab, sheathed with fluoroplastic to reduce friction at startup. Such a catapult can be installed on any ground in a matter of minutes.

 In FIG. 2-4 shows a glider of the proposed ekranoplan in three main projections: FIG. 2 is a plan view, FIG. 3 is a front view, FIG. 4 is a side view.

 In accordance with the purpose of the invention, the ekranoplane is equipped with an additional stabilization device (see FIGS. 5-7) made in the form of a rotating flywheel 12 mounted inside the wing 1 on the vertical axis 13. For this, as shown in FIG. 5, a round window is made in the wing, the contours of which in FIG. 2 are indicated by a dashed dotted line. At the same time, as usual, the wing is reinforced with side members (see pos. 14, 15, 16 in Figs. 5 and 7). The flywheel is designed as a bicycle wheel, to enhance the stabilization effect, its weight is maximally carried out in the peripheral zone. The turbine wheel 17 is rigidly connected to the flywheel, which is driven by the exhaust gases of the main engines.

 The ekranoplan is also equipped with a device for landing on the ground (see Fig. 8-10). It is made in the form of two symmetrically mounted spring-loaded crutches 18, pivotally connected at point 19 with the cab body. The role of the spring interacting with the crutches can be performed by the air chamber 20. In flight, the crutches are held in the position shown in FIG. 9, and upon landing they are thrown out to the position shown in FIG. 8 and 10.

 The proposed ekranoplan functions like any aircraft such as an airplane, that is, it can take off and land both on water and on the ground.

 Since in flight the ekranoplan is very close to the surface of water or land, reliable stability is of great importance for it both in the transverse and in the longitudinal directions. Such stability is ensured by the effect of the gyroscope produced by the described flywheel 12. Moreover, a small wing elongation and a large chord allow the winged wing to hold a high air cushion. For landing on the ground (mainly in the coastal zone), the entire lower surface of the cabin must be covered from the outside with a material with a low coefficient of friction, for example, a layer of fluoroplastic. Before landing, the crutches 18 are advanced to the position shown in FIG. 8 and 10, so that contact with the soil first occurs through crutches, the air chamber 20 of which takes part of the load from the weight of the apparatus.

 The freely rotating large-diameter flywheel provides stability many times greater than steering control, which is effective only at high speeds and requires increased attention to control. In the proposed version, the ekranoplan stably maintains a predetermined angle of attack of the wing, and the lateral gusts of wind do not affect. The device saves all these parameters even when it hangs and parachutes. This eliminates the need for highly developed in the longitudinal and transverse directions of plumage, coupled with the above disadvantages. The main stabilizing device in our case will be the flywheel, and the plumage will serve only to place rudders on it.

The roll and the angle of flight will change very smoothly, regardless of the sharpness of the change in rudder position, which is very important when flying at low altitude. At the same time, having positioned the wing consoles at an angle of 30 ^o , it is possible to produce indoor turns using rudders, without ailerons.

 With regard to technical and economic indicators, the proposed ekranoplan has the following advantages compared to similar aircraft: increased stability; the possibility of flying over land, which in some cases can reduce the length of the route; the ability to use ekranoplan as an aircraft.

SOURCES OF INFORMATION
1. Belavin N.I. WIG. - Shipbuilding, 1977, p. 64.

 2. USSR author's certificate N 17663291, cl. In 64 C 39/00, 1992 (prototype).

Claims (3)

 1. An ekranoplan containing a cockpit, a wing and flight stabilization devices, characterized in that one of the stabilization devices is made in the form of a rotating flywheel mounted inside the wing on a vertical axis and rigidly connected to the wheel of the drive turbine.  2. Wing according to claim 1, characterized in that said flywheel is designed in such a way that its weight is maximally carried out in its peripheral zone.  3. An ekranoplan according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that it is equipped with a landing device made in the form of two symmetrically mounted spring-loaded crutches pivotally connected to the cabin body, and the entire lower surface of the cabin is covered with a material with a low coefficient of friction, for example fluoroplastic.

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