RU210667U1 - MULTI-BAND BROADBAND ANTENNA - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model provides an increase in the operating power of an asymmetric whip antenna of the shortened quarter-wave vibrator type with simultaneous expansion of the operating ranges and an increase in the antenna gain in the lower frequency range. A multi-band broadband antenna is proposed, operating in the frequency ranges of 109-193 MHz and 366-550 MHz with increased gain in the range of 109-174 MHz. The advantages are achieved by the fact that the antenna contains a coupling element made of an electrically conductive material, connected to the housing of the high-frequency connector of the antenna and covering the antenna radiator with the formation of a dielectric gap between the coupling element and the surface of the antenna radiator. 4 w.p. f-ly, 7 ill.

Description

FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY

This utility model relates to asymmetric whip antennas of the shortened quarter-wave vibrator type and can be used as a portable transmitting and receiving multi-band linear polarization antenna with a circular radiation pattern in the horizontal plane for portable, wearable and portable radio stations.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Known dual-band antenna RD-88H manufactured by Antenna Network Lab. Inc. (ANLI ANTENNA), which includes a high-frequency connector with a housing. An inductive element is connected to the signal contact of the high-frequency connector with its first output, the other output is connected to the antenna emitter. Parallel to the inductive element, a capacitive element is connected, which is connected with one of its terminals to the housing of the high-frequency connector, and the second of its terminals is connected to the inductive element. The manufacturer of a well-known antenna declares the following characteristics: operating frequency ranges VHF / UHF (144-148 MHz and 430-450 MHz); rated continuous input power - 25 W (peak 60 W). Actual measurements of the standing wave ratio (SWR) of this antenna on a mock-up of a portable radio station gave the following results: SWR is less than 2 in the range of 148-174 MHz and in the range of 408-451 MHz, i.e. the actual bandwidth of operating frequencies in terms of SWR level equal to 2 was 26%.

The disadvantage of the known device is a relatively narrow band of the lower operating frequency range.

It is known to use additional ferrite components to provide a wider operating frequency range. However, this approach limits the maximum operating power of the device due to significant heating of the components, and also reduces the antenna gain.

The problem to be solved by the present utility model is to provide a device free from the shortcomings of the prior art.

The technical result achieved by using the claimed utility model is to increase the operating power of the antenna while expanding the operating ranges and increasing the antenna gain in the lower frequency range.

This problem is solved, and the stated technical result is achieved by the fact that the antenna includes an antenna radiator, a high-frequency connector, an inductive element connected with its first output to the central contact of the high-frequency connector, and with its second output connected to the antenna radiator, a capacitive element connected with its first output to high-frequency connector housing, and with its second terminal connected to the inductive element, and a coupling element made of electrically conductive material, connected to the high-frequency connector housing and enclosing the antenna radiator from the side adjacent to the inductive element, with the formation of a dielectric gap between the coupling element and the surface of the antenna radiator.

The connection element can be made in the form of a ring with a slit.

The connection element can be made in the form of a spiral.

The antenna emitter may consist of two parts, the first of which is made in the form of a flat sheet, and the second of which is made in the form of a cylindrical adapter.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Fig. 1 illustrates a known antenna.

Fig. 2 illustrates an embodiment of the utility model with a split ring coupling element.

Fig. 3 illustrates another embodiment of the utility model.

Fig. 4 illustrates another embodiment of the utility model with a helical coupling element.

Fig. 5 illustrates another embodiment of the utility model with a helical coupling element.

Fig. 6 illustrates an embodiment of a split conductive ring coupling element.

Fig. 7 illustrates an embodiment of a coupling element in the form of a conductive coil.

The positions in the figures are:

1 - high-frequency antenna connector;

2 - housing of the high-frequency connector;

3 - signal contact of the high-frequency connector;

4 - capacitive element;

5 - inductive element;

6 - communication element;

6.1 - a variant of the connection element in the form of a ring with a cut;

6.2 - a variant of the connection element in the form of a spiral;

7 - antenna emitter;

8 - dots indicate electrical connections;

9 - adapter made of electrically conductive material;

10 - dielectric gasket.

DETAILED DISCLOSURE OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The design of the well-known antenna (Fig. 1) includes a high-frequency connector 1 with a housing 2. An inductive element 5 is connected to the signal contact 3 of the high-frequency connector 1 with its first output, the other output is connected to the radiator 7 of the antenna. An inductor is used as the inductive element 5. Parallel to the inductive element 5, a capacitive element 4 is connected, which is connected with one of its terminals to the housing 2 of the high-frequency connector 1, and the second of its terminals is connected to the inductive element 5. A capacitor is used as a capacitive element 4. It should be noted that the inductive element 5 serves to reduce the longitudinal dimensions of the antenna, that is, it performs the function of the so-called extension coil, which makes it possible to make the antenna emitter 7 smaller than a quarter of the signal wavelength.

In order to achieve the claimed technical result, the design of the well-known antenna was supplemented with a coupling element 6 made of electrically conductive material, which is connected to the housing 2 of the high-frequency connector 1 and covers part of the antenna radiator 7 with the formation of a dielectric gap.

The specified coupling element 6 creates an additional resonant system, which is formed by the capacitance of the coupling element 6 with the radiator 7 of the antenna, the mutual inductance between the distributed inductance of the coupling element 6 and the extension coil, i.e. inductive element 5. This provides additional matching of the antenna with the SWR load at the operating frequencies of the antenna.

Also, the specified coupling element 6 changes the distribution of currents in the radiator 7 of the antenna, which leads to compression of the antenna pattern in the vertical plane at the lower operating frequency ranges. Compression of the radiation pattern with additional matching of the antenna with the SWR load leads to an increase in the antenna gain. In this case, since the device does not contain ferrite and resistive elements, and the coupling element 6 has small ohmic losses and small losses in the dielectric gap, the operating power of the antenna can be increased.

The emitter 7 of the antenna itself can be made of a flat or bulk conductor in the form of a tube, or in the form of a thick wire, or in the form of a flexible tape (several tapes), or a braid, dressed on a flexible rod of a non-conductive electricity material.

An embodiment of the utility model may include an antenna emitter 7 made solid of a bulk conductor in the form of a tube (Fig. 2, 4), and the connection element 6 is structurally made in the form of a ring 6.1 with a cut (Fig. 2, 6). The coupling element 6 is connected to the housing 2 of the high-frequency connector 1 and covers the antenna radiator 7 in the part adjacent to the inductive element 5 to form a gap. To improve the dielectric properties, a dielectric spacer 10 is introduced into the gap.

The diameter of the ring 6.1 must be such that it tightly covers the radiator 7 of the antenna with the dielectric gasket 10.

Ring 6.1 is made, for example, of sheet metal in the form of a rectangle bent into an open cylinder. In this case, the thickness of the material of the ring 6.1 does not matter much. It is determined by the ease of use of the material. The optimal material is soft copper sheet 0.2 mm thick.

The width of the cut should be no more than 1/4 of the circumference of the cylindrical radiator 7 of the antenna (or the circumference of the adapter 9 shown in Fig. 3, 5, which will be discussed later), which is covered by the ring 6.1, but large enough to ensure that the cut does not close when operating the antenna in normal modes. The height and length of a rectangle folded into a ring with a slit is selected according to the minimum SWR in the operating frequency bands.

The dielectric gap between the ring 6.1 and the surface of the radiator 7 of the antenna is determined by the thickness of the material of the dielectric spacer 10. To obtain the necessary capacitive coupling of the ring 6.1 with the radiator 7 of the antenna, you can take a thin dielectric with a small ring height 6.1 or a thicker dielectric with a ring height 6.1 greater than in the case use of a thin dielectric.

Another embodiment of the utility model discloses the construction of an antenna with an antenna emitter 7 in the form of a flat sheet, for example, from a metal tape, as shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 5. In order to maintain the advantages provided by the coupling element 6, in the second embodiment of the utility model, an adapter 9 of an electrically conductive material is provided. The adapter 9 mechanically and electrically connects the inductive element 5 with the radiator 7 of the antenna and is a cylinder (metal tube or rod) made of electrically conductive material, such as copper, brass, steel and other suitable materials or their alloys, located coaxially with the inductive element 5 and the axis symmetry of the radiator cloth 7 of the antenna. When this adapter 9 is essentially part of the radiator 7 of the antenna, and the total length of the radiator 7 of the antenna is equal to the sum of the lengths of the adapter 9 and the flat sheet of the radiator 7 of the antenna. This circumstance determines the first condition for choosing the length of adapter 9.

The connection element 6 in the second embodiment covers the adapter 9 with the formation of a gap between the connection element 6 and the surface of the adapter 9. To increase the dielectric properties, a dielectric gasket 10 is introduced into the gap. The diameter of the ring 6.1 must be such that it tightly covers the adapter 9 with a dielectric gasket 10 Otherwise, the characteristics of such a coupling element 6 are selected similarly to the first option.

The length of the adapter 9 must be greater than the length of the element 6 connection. Indeed, within the dimensions of the adapter 9, the design of the device has axial symmetry about an axis coinciding with the axis of the cylinder of the adapter 9. Within the dimensions of the flat sheet of the antenna radiator 7, the structure is symmetrical only with respect to the plane of the sheet of the antenna radiator 7. To avoid undesirable redistribution of electromagnetic characteristics caused by the influence of the coupling element 6 on the region of transition from a structure with axial symmetry to a structure with symmetry relative to the plane, the coupling element 6 should be located in the region of the device with axial symmetry - on the adapter 9, for example, in the form of a tube or a cylinder. This circumstance imposes a second condition on the choice of the length of adapter 9.

The communication element 6 and its arrangement according to the embodiments of the utility model described above are shown in more detail in FIG. 6.

Another embodiment of the utility model is shown in FIG. 7. As in the first variant, the radiator 7 of the antenna is made solid of a bulk conductor in the form of a cylinder. In contrast to the variant described above, the connection element 6 here is structurally made with coils of wire in the form of a spiral 6.2. The spiral 6.2 is connected to the body 2 and covers the radiator 7 of the antenna in the part adjacent to the inductive element 5, with the formation of a dielectric gap.

The parameters of the connection element 6, made by coils of wire in the form of a spiral 6.2, are selected based on the optimal SWR in the operating frequency ranges. This version of the connection element 6 has the following main parameters: wire diameter, number of turns, winding pitch and thickness of the dielectric gap. All these parameters are interconnected and affect the final result, which also depends on the parameters of the extension coil. From the point of view of dimensions and mutual inductance, the optimal internal diameter of the spiral is equal to the internal diameter of the extension coil.

When the connection element 6 is made with turns of wire in the form of a spiral 6.2, the dielectric gap between the surface of the radiator 7 of the antenna and the turns of the spiral 6.2 is generally provided by an insulating coating layer of the conductive material from which such a connection element 6 is made. To improve the dielectric properties, a dielectric spacer 10 can be introduced into the gap in a manner similar to the embodiment of the utility model described above.

This dielectric gap can be increased by making the helix 6.2 of such a diameter as to allow an air gap between the turns of the helix 6.2 and the radiator 7 of the antenna.

Another embodiment of the utility model includes an antenna emitter 7 consisting of two parts - a flat web and an adapter 9, as shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 5. As in the previous version, the length of the connection element 6 is such as to cover the adapter 9 at a length less than the length of the adapter 9.

Thus, for a specialist it will be clear that in order to solve the set technical problem and achieve the claimed technical result, the antenna radiator 7 can be solid cylindrical or consisting of two parts - a flat web and an adapter 9. In this case, for both of these options, the communication element 6 can be made both in the form of a ring 6.1 with a cut, and a spiral 6.2.

The electrical connections in the figures are marked with dots 8.

In all embodiments of the invention, the capacitive element 4 can be represented by several capacitors connected in parallel in order to increase the reliability of the device. In addition, the capacitive element 4 in the proposed antenna is connected only to part of the length of the inductive element 5. This ensures that the antenna is matched to the load in terms of SWR in the upper operating frequency ranges.

The total length of the radiator 7 of the antenna is determined by the required lower frequency of the operating frequency range. The emitter 7 of the antenna is optimally implemented in a semi-rigid form. The high-frequency connector 1 of the antenna, the capacitive element 4, the inductive element 5, the coupling element 6 can be placed in a housing made of a conductive or non-conductive material. Inside and outside the inductive element 5, the coupling element 6 and the radiator 7 of the antenna may be located in the dielectric material.

The device works as follows.

The antenna is installed on the radio by attaching the HF connector 1 of the antenna to the antenna connector of the radio. When the radio station is switched on in the transmission mode, the signal from the output of the radio station's power amplifier enters the antenna through the signal pin 3 of the connector. Further, the signal passes through the inductive element 5 or sequentially through the inductive element 5 and the adapter 9, if the latter is present, it arrives at the antenna emitter 7 and then the radio wave is emitted. At the same time, due to the fact that the coupling element 6 creates a resonant system, which is formed by the capacitance of the coupling element with the antenna radiator, the mutual induction between the distributed inductance of the coupling element 6 and the inductive element 5, the antenna is additionally matched to the SWR load at the operating frequencies of the antenna. Due to the absence of ferrite components and resistive elements, there are no restrictions on the operating power of the antenna; moreover, the operating power of the antenna can be increased.

The author has implemented all the described embodiments of the utility model. In the breadboard sample, a high-frequency TNC type connector was used as connector 1. Connector 1, capacitive element 4, inductive element 5, coupling element 6 were located in a polypropylene tube. Heat-shrinkable tubing has been used on the outside to provide protection from dust and moisture. Provided that a sealed connector is used and the entire structure is placed in a heat-shrinkable tube, the antenna can be submerged in water. The materials used ensure the performance of the antenna at ambient temperatures from -50°С to +50°С.

Experiments have shown that the antenna operates in the frequency ranges 109-193 MHz and 366-550 MHz, and in the VHF / UHF band, the antenna completely covers the VHF (137-174 MHz), UHF (400-470 MHz), as well as the 120- 137 MHz, 174-193 MHz, 366-400 MHz, 470-550 MHz with an SWR of no more than 2, and at a frequency of 109 MHz, the antenna has an SWR of about 3. The declared antenna, in terms of an SWR level of 2, has a bandwidth of 85% , and the level of SWR, equal to 3, has a bandwidth of 95%. For these frequencies, the length of the adapter in the case of the implementation of the antenna in accordance with the options, including the presence of the adapter 9, is not more than 29 mm. At the same time, the rated continuous operating power was 40 W, and the peak power was 80 W.

SWR data for frequencies is shown in more detail in the tables below:

Table 1. SWR of known antenna Frequency, MHz 109 112 120 144 161 177 200 360 406 435 454 500 550 SWR 8.7 7.3 5.5 2 1.3 2 3.3 4.7 2 1.3 2 3.8 4.2

Table 2. SWR of the declared antenna Frequency, MHz 109 112 120 144 161 177 200 360 406 435 454 500 550 SWR 3 2.7 2 1.3 1.2 1.3 2 2 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.3 2

Comparative tests of the well-known antenna and the claimed antenna were also carried out in terms of gain at a distance of about 40 meters between the transmitter and receiver. The results are shown in the table below.

Table 3. Results of comparative tests of known and declared antennas Frequency, MHz 108 113 118 148 161 174 Difference, dB +9.2 +10.3 +7.5 +7.3 +1.5 +0.5

Tests have shown that, in comparison with the known antenna, an increase in the gain of the claimed antenna was obtained in the range of 109-174 MHz, which is mainly used for communication over long distances, while expanding the operating ranges and increasing the operating power.

Claims (5)

1. An antenna including a high-frequency connector (1), an antenna emitter (7), an inductive element (5), connected with its first terminal to the central contact (3) of the high-frequency connector (1), and connected with its second output to the antenna emitter (7) , and a capacitive element (4), with its first output connected to the housing (2) of the high-frequency connector (1), and with its second output connected to the inductive element (5), characterized in that it contains a coupling element (6) made of an electrically conductive material, connected to the housing (2) and covering the radiator (7) of the antenna from the side adjacent to the inductive element (5), with the formation of a dielectric gap between the coupling element (6) and the surface of the radiator (7) of the antenna. 2. Antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the coupling element (6) is made in the form of a ring (6.1) with a slit. 3. Antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the connection element (6) is made in the form of a spiral (6.2). 4. Antenna according to any of the preceding paragraphs, characterized in that the radiator (7) of the antenna includes two parts, the first of which is made in the form of a flat sheet, and the second of which is made in the form of an electrically conductive adapter (9) located between the said first part of the radiator (7) antenna and inductive element (5). 5. The antenna according to claim. 4, characterized in that the element (6) of the connection covers the specified second part of the emitter (7) of the antenna.

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