RU2105437C1 - Plasma-erosion breaker - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electrical engineering, commutation devices for switching off of pulse currents. SUBSTANCE: plasma-erosion breaker has vacuum chamber 1, source of electric energy connected to coaxial electrodes 2, system of radially positioned plasma guns 3 and washer 4 made of dielectric material having radial ducts 5 located uniaxially with plasma guns. Washer is placed inside vacuum chamber between coaxial electrodes. Ducts in dielectric washer 4 may be embraced by conductor. EFFECT: enhanced operational efficiency and safety. 1 cl, 4 dwg

Description

 The claimed technical solution relates to the field of electrical engineering, namely, to switching devices for switching off pulse currents and can be used in energy and in experimental technology to obtain high power and voltage.

 The closest known technical solutions to the claimed is a plasma erosion switch [1].

 Known plasma erosion switch contains a vacuum chamber, a power source connected to coaxial electrodes, a system of radially located plasma guns.

 A disadvantage of the known circuit breaker is the inability to establish a given trip current.

 The problem to which the invention is directed, is to create a stable and reliable plasma erosion switch in operation.

 When carrying out the invention, a technical result can be obtained, consisting in the operation of a plasma erosion switch at a given current strength, regardless of its shape.

 The specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that the plasma erosion switch contains a vacuum chamber, a current source connected to the coaxial electrodes, and a system of radially located plasma guns equipped with a washer made of dielectric material and placed inside the vacuum chamber between the coaxial electrodes in the washer radial channels coaxial with plasma guns.

 In addition, the channels in said dielectric washer may be covered by a conductor.

 A significant difference of the inventive plasma erosion switch is the presence between the coaxial electrodes of a washer made of dielectric material having radial channels located coaxially with the plasma guns, which makes it possible to control the magnitude of the given operation current; the implementation of the radial channels of the dielectric washer covered by the conductor, additionally provides specified initial conditions in the plasma.

 The importance of the novelty of the placement of the dielectric washer with radial channels coaxial with the plasma guns and covered by conductors is confirmed by the fact that in a number of works they tried to achieve a similar effect by performing an inner cylindrical electrode with a step, however, it was not possible to achieve the given operation current [2].

 The invention is illustrated by drawings.

 In FIG. 1 shows in section a General view of the proposed plasma erosion switch.

 In FIG. 2 is a cross section of the claimed circuit breaker along AA.

 In FIG. Figure 3 shows in section a general view of the plasma erosion switch in which the radial channels in the dielectric washer are covered by a conductor.

 In FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a general view of a plasma erosion switch in which radial channels in a dielectric washer are surrounded by a conductor.

 The disconnector comprises a vacuum chamber 1, coaxial electrodes 2, radially located plasma guns 3, a dielectric washer 4 with radial channels 5, a current source 6 and a load 7. The radial channels in the dielectric washer can be surrounded by a conductor 8.

 The inventive plasma erosion switch operates as follows.

 After the plasma guns 3 are triggered, a current source 6 is connected to the coaxial electrodes 2. The current flows through the coaxial electrodes and the plasma in the radial channels 5 of the dielectric plate 4. When the current reaches a value determined by the channel radius, plasma density and temperature, pinching of the plasma begins, accompanied by a sharp increase channel inductance. At an increasing inductance, an emf arises, switching the current to the load 7 and decreasing the current through the plasma. The plasma disintegrates.

 If the radial channel in the dielectric washer 4 is covered by a conductor, then the plasma cord is stabilized, does not touch the wall of the radial channel in the dielectric washer, thereby providing predetermined initial conditions in the plasma.

 Thus, the presence of a dielectric washer with radial channels covered by the conductor inside the vacuum chamber between the coaxial electrodes allows you to provide a given operating current.

 The application of the invention allows for the operation of a plasma circuit breaker at a predetermined current value almost independently of its shape, due to the spatial restriction of the plasma by channels in the dielectric washer and its stabilization by the conductors covering them. This improves the stability and reliability of the claimed device, improves its operational characteristics. The invention makes it possible to expand the range of energy storage devices used and extends the functionality of plasma current breakers.

Literature:
1. A.S. USSR N 1338774, class H 05 H 1/00, publ. 1988.

 2. Abdulin and others. Plasma Physics, 1986, v. 12, N 10, pp. 1260-1264.

Claims (2)

 1. Plasma-erosive electric current switch containing a vacuum chamber, a current source connected to coaxial electrodes, a system of radially located plasma guns, characterized in that it is equipped with a washer made of dielectric material and placed inside a vacuum chamber between coaxial electrodes having radial channels, coaxial with plasma guns.  2. The disconnector according to claim 1, characterized in that the channels in the washer are covered by a conductor.

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