RU2105179C1 - Thermal rotary engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: manufacture of engines. SUBSTANCE: engine has fixed housing 1 with profiled working chambers 2 and 3, cylindrical rotor 4 with separating blades 9 and 10 located in its radial grooves 7 and 8; blades 9 and 10 are pressed to housing 1 by means of springs 11 and 12. Located in housing 1 are heating chambers 15 and 16 and cooling cavity 18 with coolers 19 and 20 arranged inside. Coolers 19 and 20 are brought in communication with working chambers 2 and 3 through passages 1, 22 and 32. Injector is mounted in heating chamber 15. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency. 4 cl, 3 dwg

Description

 The present invention relates to mechanical engineering and can be used in all sectors of the economy, manufacturing and using engines of both internal and external combustion.

 Known rotary internal combustion engine [1], comprising a stationary housing with a profiled working chamber, an output shaft with a cylindrical rotor, in the radial grooves of which are installed dividing hollow blades, located inside the high-pressure chamber, connected by an inlet with a check valve located in the front the direction of rotation of the wall, with the suction cavity, and a blocked inlet in the rear wall in the direction of rotation, with the cavity of the combustion chamber to compress with mixtures in the high-pressure chamber and supplying the compressed mixture to the combustion chamber. The inlet is made with the possibility of its overlapping by the edge of the rotor.

The disadvantages of the engine include:
- short service life due to increased wear of the rotor blades and the casing when working on a contaminated working environment;
- a high content of CO in the products of combustion and environmental pollution;
- the complexity of the design.

 The closest technical solution to the claimed is a thermal rotary external combustion engine [2], containing a stationary housing with profiled working chambers. A cylindrical rotor is installed on the output shaft, in the radial grooves of which dividing blades are located with through channels located inside to equalize the air pressure in the subscapular spaces and are pressed against the body by springs. In the housing there is a heating chamber and a cooling cavity through which coolant flows. In the cavity, two cooling elements (for example, refrigerators) are diametrically opposed. The heating chamber contains a heating element (for example, a nozzle). The working chambers are formed between the radial protrusions of the housing, the rotor and the housing. Separating blades are coated with a layer of solid lubricant (for example, graphite-disulfide-molybdenum composition).

The disadvantages of the prototype include:
- the absence of a regenerator, as a result of which there will be a large loss of heat and a decrease in the rate of heat transfer;
- a small surface area of heat transfer, as a result of which it is impossible to use the maximum amount of heat of combustion and, as a result, the high temperature of the exhaust gases at the exit of the engine;
- increased wear of the blades and the inner surface of the casing due to sliding friction between the casing and the separating blades.

The tasks that the author set himself when creating the invention include:
- increasing the efficiency of the engine by reducing heat loss and increasing the rate of heat transfer from the heating element to the working fluid;
- an increase in the surface area of heat transfer and a more complete use of the calorific value and, as a result, a decrease in the temperature of the exhaust gases;
- reduction of wear on the inner surface of the housing and dividing blades.

 This goal is achieved due to the fact that in a rotary engine containing a housing with profiled working chambers, a cooling cavity, a heating chamber in which the heating element is located, two oppositely located refrigerators, a rotor mounted on the shaft, in the grooves of which there are dividing vanes, one of The refrigerator has branches that enter the heating chamber, which is divided into several parts by partitions, and the rotor is equipped with seals attached to its ends. In this case, the bends are made expanding downward and have a lens shape in cross section. In addition, the seals are made in such a way that the subscapular and axillary spaces communicate with each other. Moreover, the separation blades have grooves in which the cylinders are located.

 Due to the fact that the taps of one of the refrigerators entering the heating chamber expand downward and have a separation inside, the heat transfer surface area, the heat transfer rate increase sharply, the heat of combustion is used to the fullest extent and, therefore, the temperature of the exhaust gases decreases.

 The downwardly extending bends in the cross section are in the form of a lens, which contributes to the ideal flow of hot gases around the bends and, therefore, improves heat transfer between the working fluid and hot gases.

 The heating chamber is divided into several parts by partitions, which lengthens the path of the passage of hot gases and increases the heat exchange time between the working fluid and hot gases, which also increases the amount of heat used and reduces the temperature of the exhaust gases.

 The seals attached to the ends of the rotor prevent the flow of the working fluid from the pressure chamber into the chamber of reduced pressure, therefore, they increase the pressure drop between the working chambers.

 Due to the fact that the separating blades have grooves in which the cylinders are placed, the engine service life is increased, since the sliding friction of the blades on the inner surface of the housing is replaced by rolling friction.

 The invention is illustrated by drawings, where FIG. 1 is a rotary engine, a cross section, FIG. 2 is a rotary engine, a longitudinal section along the line A-A, FIG. 3 is a section of the engine along the line B-B, explaining the heating chamber device.

 The thermal rotary engine comprises a stationary housing 1 (Fig. 1) with profiled working chambers 2 and 3, a cylindrical rotor 4 ending with the output ends of the shaft 5 and 6 (Fig. 2) and in the radial grooves 7 and 8 of which dividing blades 9 and 10 are placed The springs 11 and 12 are pressed against the housing 1 by dividing blades 9, 10, at the outer ends of which there are grooves. In the grooves are cylinders 13, 14, which are designed to reduce friction between the blades 9, 10 and the inner surface of the housing 1, and they also act as seals. The rubbing surfaces of the separation vanes are coated with a layer of solid lubricant.

 In the housing 1 there is a heating chamber, divided into two parts 15 and 16 by a partition 17, (Figs. 1, 3) and a cooling cavity 18, through which the coolant flows and in which heat exchangers (coolers) 19 and 20 are located, which are in communication with the workers cameras 2,3 through channels 21, 22, 23.

 Outlets 24 and 25 go from the refrigerator 20 through the upper wall 26 of the heating chamber 15, 16. In the heating chamber 15, 16, the outlets 24, 25 expand downward and are mounted in the channels 27 and 28 of the housing 1, their expansion (they are also heating) parts 2a ( fragments 2a, 2b, 2c in figure 2) in the cross section are in the form of a lens 2c and inside have a separation 2b. In the future, the expansion parts of the branches will be called nozzles. A heating device 29 (for example, a nozzle) is mounted in the heating chamber 15.

The housing 1 and the rotor 4 from the ends are closed by covers 30 and 31 (Fig. 2,3), in which bearings 32,33 are located, closed by covers 34 and 35. The seal between the shafts 5, 6 and covers 30, 31 is achieved by self-locking bellows seals 36 and 37 (figure 2). Mechanical seals of the rotor 4 are achieved by disks 38 and 39, which are installed on its ends and rotate with it. The mechanical seal between the housing 1 and the disks 38 and 39 is achieved by labyrinths 40 and 41. The disks 38 and 39 are made in such a way that the subscapular spaces 42 and 43 do not overlap, in which the springs 11, 12 are located and which would communicate with the axillary spaces 44, 45 , as a result of which there is no need to make decompression channels in the blades 9, 10. In figure 1, the dashed lines indicate the grooves 7, 8 and the blades 9, 10 in the position of the rotor rotated 90 ^o .

 Rotary engine operates as follows.

 On the cover 31 mounted nozzle 29 with a pump and blower (not shown in the drawings). A pump under pressure delivers fuel to the nozzle, which atomizes it in the heating chamber 15. A blower supplies air from the atmosphere to the heating chamber and mixes it with fuel. The mixture is ignited by a spark.

 The engine operates in a closed cycle and it constantly contains gas (working medium) under pressure. The pressure of the working fluid is determined by the strength of the engine parts. Thus, in the working chambers 2 and 3, the subscapular spaces 42 and 43, the refrigerators 19 and 20, the axillary spaces 44 and 45, the working fluid will be under pressure, on which the density of the working fluid, and therefore its heat capacity, will depend.

 During the heating of the nozzle 29 of the nozzle 2a, the separations 2b located in them and the wall between the heating chambers 15, 16 and the working chamber 2 are heated to a high temperature, depending on the heat resistance of the material.

 Previously, the engine rotates from an external source of energy (starter). The working fluid is displaced by a blade 9 or 10 from the chamber 2 through the refrigerator 19 into the chamber 3. From the chamber 3 through the refrigerator 20, taps 24 and 25 the hot nozzles 2a and separation 2b pass, heats up sharply, increases in volume and enters through channels 27, 28 into chamber 2 and increases the pressure in it. Through the wall between the chambers 15, 16 and the working chamber 2, the gas is additionally heated, further increasing in volume. The pressure of the working fluid in the chamber 2 acts on the dividing blade 10 (when it passes through the channels 27, 28) and causes the rotor to rotate clockwise. After that, the starter turns off.

 The working fluid, being forced out by a separating blade from the chamber 2 into the chamber 3, being cooled in the refrigerator 19, decreases in its volume. Passing the chamber 3, the working fluid is additionally cooled through the wall between the cooling cavity 18 and the chamber 3 and again decreases in volume. Passing the refrigerator 20, the working fluid is once again cooled, decreasing in volume.

 Thus, the working fluid, passing from the channel 23 to the nozzle 2b, constantly cooling, gradually decreases in volume, and therefore its pressure gradually decreases. This means that the pressure in the chamber 2 to the dividing blade will always be greater than in the chamber 2 behind the dividing blade and in the chamber 3 before and after the dividing blade and the rotor 4 will rotate.

 The pressure difference in the working chambers is directly proportional to the temperature difference between heating and cooling of the working fluid.

 Due to the forces of inertia, the working fluid, before heading to the channel 21, will strike under the protrusion 46 of the housing 1, under which it will create a zone of high pressure. Thus, it will prevent its own flow from the chamber 2 into the chamber 3 along the body of the rotor 4 under the protrusion 46. Under the protrusion 47 of the housing 1, a certain amount of the working fluid will flow, but it will not have a significant effect on the operation of the engine and can be neglected. The remaining seals are shown quite fully in the description of the engine device.

Sources of information used in the preparation of the application
1. USSR patent N 1565352, MKI F 02 B 53/100, op. 05/15/90, Bull. N 18.

 2. RF patent N 2023888, MKI F O1 C 1/344, op. November 30, 94 Bul. N 22.

Claims (4)

 1. Thermal rotary engine, comprising a housing with shaped chambers, a cooling cavity, a heating chamber in which the heating element is located, two oppositely located refrigerators, a rotor mounted on the shaft, in the grooves of which dividing vanes are installed, characterized in that one of the refrigerators has taps included in the heating chamber, divided into several parts by partitions, and the rotor is equipped with seals attached to its ends.  2. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the bends are made expanding downward and have a lens shape in cross section and inside the separation.  3. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the seals are made in such a way that subscapular and axillary spaces communicate with each other.  4. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the separating blades have grooves in which the cylinders are placed.

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