RU2105165C1 - Exhaust gas converter - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering; internal combustion engines; exhaust systems. SUBSTANCE: exhaust gas converter has cylindrical housing with inlet branch pipe, soot filter, fixed grille pressed to stops, granulated catalyst filled between fixed and movable grilles, compensating member installed behind catalyst layer and consisting of metal washer and curved bimetal plates placed in housing with pretension. Spacer ring is placed between compensating member and movable grille. Exhaust gas converter neutralizes exhaust gases owing to constant tight packing of catalyst by means of self-adjusting compensating member, increases service life of catalyst and provides universal construction of converter for different types of internal combustion engines at change of amount of filled-in catalyst. EFFECT: improved cleaning of exhaust gases. 3 cl, 12 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to mechanical engineering and can be used in exhaust systems of internal combustion engines / internal combustion engines / for the disposal of exhaust gases.

 Known exhaust gas neutralizer / ICE / / USSR copyright certificate 1666786, cl. F 01 N 3/28, 1991 /.

 The catalytic converter comprises a cylindrical body with an external and an internal cylinder bounded by front and rear flanges in which the inlet and outlet pipes are respectively located. The reactor consists of external and internal gratings perforated with slotted holes. The reactor volume is limited on one side by a front flange and a blank bottom. A single or multiple helical surface is placed inside the reactor, for which, in order to uniformly load all zones of the reactor cross-section, the angle of inclination of the helical line is chosen so that the angle between the flat sections of the helical surface and the axis of the reactor / external and internal lattices / should not exceed the angle repose for the catalyst.

 The principle of operation of the catalytic converter is based on the purification / neutralization / exhaust gas / exhaust gas / when they pass through a reactor containing a catalyst bed.

 However, this device has several disadvantages.

 This catalytic converter does not provide for the possibility of compaction of the catalyst granules in the reactor during thermal deformations. In addition, the catalytic converter housing is not separable, which makes it difficult to replace the catalyst during its degradation / loss of performance /.

 Known catalyst / USSR author's certificate N 494527, F 01 N 3/28, 1987 / containing a housing in which a reactor with a moving layer of catalyst granules is placed, limited by the inlet grate and the outlet grate. The output grill is made in the form of a shell and mesh. The grid is mounted on rods with the ability to move along the length of the reactor and is equipped with a clamping device. The clamping device is made in the form of cotter pins installed in the holes on the rods, and rims between which the mesh is fixed. The rims are pressed against the cotter pins by screwing the threaded plugs.

 The exhaust gas through the inlet pipe enters the casing, and then through the grate to the reactor. There they interact with the catalyst. When interacting with a catalyst, combustible gas components are oxidized. The purified gases, passing through the grid and the shell, enter the atmosphere.

 However, the disadvantage of this exhaust gas catalyst is that exhaust gases containing soot impurities immediately enter the reactor after entering the catalytic converter. This leads to rapid clogging of the catalyst layer in the soot reactor and, ultimately, to its premature failure, as well as the inability to use this converter on various engines due to the inability to change the amount of catalyst to be charged.

 The closest technical solution is an exhaust gas (catalytic) converter, which includes a housing with a catalyst layer located inside it, limited by the inlet and outlet gratings, one of which is installed with the possibility of movement, a compensating element / copyright certificate of the USSR N 1490303 is installed behind the catalyst layer, F 01 N 3/28, 1983 /.

 In a known technical solution, exhaust gases containing soot impurities immediately enter the reactor. This leads to rapid clogging of the catalyst layer in the reactor with soot and ultimately to its premature failure.

 An object of the invention is to increase the efficiency of exhaust gas cleaning, increasing the durability of the catalyst, as well as obtaining the possibility of using an exhaust gas catalyst on various types of internal combustion engines.

 This problem is solved in the exhaust gas converter, which includes a housing with a catalyst layer located inside it, limited by the inlet and outlet grilles, one of which is installed with the possibility of movement, a compensating element containing a washer and curved bimetallic plates placed in the housing is installed behind the catalyst layer with a preload, and between the movable grill and the compensating element there is a spacer ring that allows you to keep the length of the converter constant, and at the entrance A catalytic converter is installed in front of the catalyst bed. In addition, the width of the spacer ring is determined by the amount of catalyst sprinkled, and the particulate filter consists of several layers of mesh, wedge-shaped, and a wire channel made of stainless steel.

 The originality of the proposed technical solution lies in the fact that the compensating element is made in the form of a washer with curved bimetallic plates fixed on it, placed in a preload housing.

 The essence of the invention lies in the fact that in order to ensure the effective operation of the catalyst, the catalyst was continuously pressed using a self-regulating compensating device, which avoids the appearance of gaps between the catalyst housing and the catalyst filled up as a result of their temperature deformations during operation, leading to the passage of untreated exhaust gas through the converter.

 In addition, the used particulate filter is located in front of the catalyst, which allows to increase its service life, and the exhaust gas catalytic converter is universal due to the use of a spacer ring, the width of which is determined by the amount of catalyst sprinkled, which allows to keep the catalyst length L constant.

 In FIG. 1 shows a cross-section of the exhaust gas exhaust catalyst.

 In FIG. 2 shows a compensating element of the converter.

 The exhaust gas converter includes a housing 1 with an inlet pipe, a diesel particulate filter 2, fitted with an interference fit in the inlet pipe of the housing 1 and consisting of a metal washer 3 with a metal mesh 4 and a wire channel 5. It is removable, which makes it possible to clean it and replacement.

 the lattice 6 fixed on one side of the reactor is installed in the housing 1 and cannot be moved thanks to the stops 7. The granular catalyst 8 is poured between the fixed lattice 6 and the movable lattice 9. The movable lattice 9 is pressed by the spacer ring 10, varying the width of which the number of catalysts can be changed changing the total length of the exhaust gas catalyst as a whole. A compensating element 11 is applied to the spacer ring 10, located behind the catalyst layer 8, consisting of a metal washer 12 and curved bimetallic plates 13 attached to it by means of rivets 14. The compensating element 11 allows constant compression of the catalyst 8 in the exhaust gas catalyst due to the fact that bimetallic plates placed with an interference fit in the converter body, additionally deforming / straightening / under the influence of temperature, provide the movement of granules of catalysis torus, giving free space formed / gaps / catalyst between the shell and bombarded catalyst and allowing dense packing of the granules during the catalyst without allowing the passage of exhaust gas through the catalyst untreated. The compensating element 11 by the plates 13 abuts against a removable end wall 15, which is attracted to the housing 1 by means of bolts 16. The sealing of the removable end wall 15 and the housing 1 is carried out using a gasket 17 made of non-combustible material.

 The device operates as follows.

 The exhaust gases of the internal combustion engine enter the cylindrical housing 1, pass through the particulate filter, where the exhaust gas is cleaned of soot particles. Next, the exhaust gases, cleaned of soot, pass through a fixed grate 6 installed in the housing 1 and pressed against the stops 7, after which they fall into the granular catalyst layer 8, where they are neutralized. After that, the cleaned exhaust gases pass through a movable grill 9, a spacer ring 10, a compensating element 11, consisting of a metal washer 12 and a certain number of curved bimetallic plates 13 attached to it with rivets 14, through an opening in a removable end wall 15 attached to the housing 1 bolted 16, and go outside. The sealing of the removable end wall 15 is carried out using a strip 17 of non-combustible material.

 The main structural elements are made of stainless steel.

 The use of bimetallic plates 13 in the compensating device allows you to compact the granular catalyst layer 8 when filling, eliminates the formation of free volume when the granules are shaken during engine operation, provides constant compression of the catalyst 8 during thermal deformation of the reactor / thermal expansion /, making the packing of catalyst granules constantly dense, not destroying them.

 Thanks to the insert ring 10, the width of which is selected based on the volume of the granular catalyst charged 8, which in turn is determined by the specific ICE, the universality of the proposed exhaust gas catalyst is achieved.

 The compensating element, consisting of a metal washer 12 and a number of bimetallic plates 13, placed in the pre-catalyst body 1, attached to it with rivets 14, is not located in the zone of the reactor itself and thereby does not reduce the volume of the catalyst 8 without creating additional resistance to passing gases.

 The removable end wall 15 is located on the gas outlet side of the converter, which simplifies the design of the seal due to the lower gas pressure at the outlet than at the inlet.

 The advantage of the proposed catalytic converter is that the design versatility for various types of internal combustion engines is ensured at almost no additional cost, thanks to the use of a particulate filter, the durability of the catalyst increases, and due to the presence of a compensating element that provides constant compression of the catalyst, the quality of exhaust gas cleaning increases.

Claims (3)

 1. The exhaust gas Converter, comprising a housing with a catalyst layer located therein, limited by the input and output gratings, one of which is installed with the possibility of movement, a compensating element is installed behind the catalyst layer, characterized in that the compensating element contains a washer and curved bimetallic plates placed in the housing with a preload and a spacer ring is placed between the movable grill and the compensating element, which allows to keep the length of the converter At the inlet of the catalytic converter, a diesel particulate filter is installed in front of the catalyst bed.  2. The Converter according to claim 1, characterized in that the width of the spacer ring is determined by the amount of catalyst poured.  3. The Converter according to claim 1, characterized in that the particulate filter has several layers of mesh, rolled wedge-shaped, and a wire channel made of stainless steel.

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