RU2104466C1 - Primer detonator (variants) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: initiating means, applicable in blasting operations. SUBSTANCE: primer detonator has a case accommodating the ignition assembly, initiator and a high-explosive charge. A complex compound of cadmium salt with an organic ligand of empirical formula $$$ at an initiator charge density within $$$ g/cu.cm and charge mass within $$$ mg. When a shock-wave tube is used in the primer detonator as an ignition assembly, a sealing partition that can be perforated at a pressure exceeding 20 atm is positioned in the case past the ignition assembly. EFFECT: enhanced safety. 2 cl, 4 dwg, 3 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to the development of means of initiation and can be used in blasting to increase their safety.

 Known detonators without initiating substances (TRS) based on powder blasting explosives (BB) containing TEN, hexogen or tetrile as a blasting charge (SU Pat. 1521291, class F 42 B 3/10, F 42 C 19/08, 1989).

 The disadvantage of such detonator caps (CD) is the high sensitivity of explosives to mechanical stress and toxicity of explosion products.

 CDs based on an explosive class of coordination compounds of transition metal perchlorates used as initiators are also known (Proceeding of 7th Int. Pyrotechnic Seminar, Chicago, ILL, 1980, pp. 322-355).

 The disadvantages of such CDs are the complexity of the technological scheme for initiator production (CP substance is obtained in stage II, including purification), in addition, the initial and intermediate components are highly toxic and explosive (aquapentaammate (III) perchlorate), and when pressed, it is sensitive to discharge of static electricity accumulated on the human body.

 The purpose of the invention is the creation of CD, less sensitive to mechanical stress and to the discharge of static electricity, with reduced toxicity of the products of the initiator explosion, a simpler manufacturing technology of both initiators and the CD itself, i.e. cheaper safe and environmentally friendly.

The goal was achieved in that in a detonator capsule containing a sleeve and an ignition unit, an initiator, a blasting agent charge, a complex compound of a cadmium salt with an organic ligand of the gross formula C ₃ H ₁₈ Cl ₂ N ₁₂ O ₁₁ Cd was used as an initiator ₁ with a charge density (ρ) of 1.3 ≤ ρ ≤ 1.9 g / cm ³ and a charge mass (m) of 80 ≤ m ≤ 200 mg.

According to another embodiment, the goal is achieved in that in the detonator capsule containing the sleeve and the ignition unit in the form of a shock wave tube, an initiator, a blasting substance, a complex compound of a cadmium salt with an organic gross gross ligand of the formula C ₃ H is used as an initiator ₁₈ Cl ₂ N ₁₂ O ₁₁ Cd ₁ with a charge density (ρ) 1.4 ≤ ρ ≤ 1.9 g / cm ³ , mass (m) 80 ≤ m ≤ 200 mg, and is located in the sleeve after the ignition unit with the possibility of perforation at a pressure of more than 20 atmospheres, a sealing wall.

The initiator used the substance "ZIRCON" (C ₃ P ₁₈ Cl ₂ N ₁₂ O ₁₁ Cd ₁ ) (Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 1987, v. 32, issue 8, pp. 1944-1949), which is a complex compound of the cadmium salt with an organic ligand, said compound being pressed over a blasting explosive with a density (ρ) of 1.3 ≤ ρ ≤ 1.9 g / cm ³ and a mass (m) of 80 ≤ m ≤ 200 mg.

 A comparison of the characteristics of the proposed initiator with those used in the analogs is given in table 1.

 As can be seen from the table, "ZIRCON" in most parameters is either no worse or superior to initiators used in analogs. Particularly noteworthy is its significantly lower sensitivity to mechanical stresses (at the level of secondary explosives), as well as a higher threshold (almost three times) for initiation of static electricity from a discharge than that of lead azide and SR.

 The degree of toxicity contained in the explosion products "ZIRCON", lead azide m CP metal compounds are given in table.2.

 It can be seen from Table 2 that the products of the ZIRCON explosion contain an order of magnitude less toxic products than the products of the explosion of lead azide or explosive mercury.

 In FIG. 1 shows a detonator with an electrical ignition unit; in FIG. 2 - detonator with a moderator introduced into it; in FIG. 3, 4 — detonor with a shock wave tube as an ignition unit and a sealing partition.

 In FIG. 1-4 are indicated: 1 - sleeve, 2 - ignition unit, 3 - initiator, 4 - blasting explosive, 5 - moderator, 6 - sealing partition.

 The detonator capsule consists of a sleeve 1, in which an ignition unit 2 is placed, an initiator 3, pressed with a certain density, a blasting explosive 4, which has a zone of higher density in contact with the initiating substance and a zone of lower density.

 To achieve a delay in blasting between the ignition unit and the initiator have a charge retarding composition 5.

 If the ignition unit is a shock wave tube, then in the sleeve after it there is a sealing partition 6 made of plastic or other material that provides perforation at a pressure of more than 20 atm.

 A partition was introduced to prevent explosives from entering the walls of the tube on the detonating substance, as well as to increase the time of exposure of hot products following the shock wave to the initiator (or moderator, if a delay in explosion is needed) to ensure reliable initiation.

 The detonator operates as follows.

 When a current is supplied to the ignition unit, it is triggered, while the ZIRCON initiating substance (initiator) is ignited by the products of combustion of the electric igniter. Combustion of the initiating substance in the 3 mm region passes into detonation, which initiates the charge of a blasting explosive. This completes the operation of the detonator capsule.

 If a delayed-charge charge is placed between the ignition unit and the initiator, a delay in blasting is achieved.

 If the ignition unit is a shock wave tube, a sealing baffle is located in the sleeve after it, which is perforated by the explosion products propagating along the shock wave tube, as a result, the products flow into the gap behind the baffle, providing ignition of the initiator and development of detonation in it.

 To achieve a delay in blasting, a retarding composition is placed between the partition and the initiator.

 The test results of detonator caps with "ZIRCON" are given in table. 3.

From table 3 it follows that the charge density "ZIRCON" should be in the range of 1.3-1.9 g / cm ³ . A decrease in charge density below 1.3 g / cm ³ reduces its strength, an increase in density above 1.9 g / cm ^{3 is} impractical and technically difficult, because approaching the density of the crystal.

 The mass of charge "ZIRCON" in the detonator capsule should be in the range of 80-200 mg. With a mass of less than 80 mg, reliable initiation of a secondary explosive is not ensured. An increase in charge mass in excess of 200 mg is impractical due to an increase in charge height, which may require a change in the dimensions of existing liners for CD.

 Sensitivity to shock.

 Mock tests with a load of 10 kg from a height of 1 m give a 100% failure in operation with a flat impact on the detonator. When a copra strikes with a striking diameter of 10 mm, the maximum response height is determined by the sensitivity of the igniter composition of the moderator and for a load of 10 kg was 0.3 m.

 Thus, the proposed detonator is safer to handle, environmentally more favorable, and due to the simpler manufacturing technology of the initiating substance and the detonator itself is cheaper than existing ones.

Claims (2)

1. A detonator capsule containing a sleeve and an ignition unit, an initiator, a blasting agent charge, characterized in that a complex compound of a cadmium salt with an organic ligand of the gross formula C ₃ H _{1 8} Cl ₂ N _{1 2} O is used as an initiator _{1 1} Cd ₁ at a charge density (ρ) of 1.3 ≤ ρ ≤ 1.9 g / cm ³ and a charge mass (m) of 80 ≤ m ≤ 200 mg. 2. A detonator capsule containing a sleeve and an ignition unit in the form of a shock wave tube, an initiator, a blasting substance, characterized in that a complex compound of a cadmium salt with an organic gross ligand of the formula C ₃ H _{1 8} Cl is used as an initiator ₂ N _{1 2} O _{1 1} Cd ₁ with a charge density (ρ) 1.3 ≤ ρ ≤ 1.9 g / cm ³ , mass (m) 80 ≤ m ≤ 200 mg, and is located in the sleeve after the ignition unit with the possibility of perforation at a pressure of more than 20 atm, a sealing wall.

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