RU2103668C1 - Method of diagnostics and prediction of mechanical condition of machines by body vibration - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: diagnostics. SUBSTANCE: schematic position of machines corresponding to their position in real complex is plotted on display screen. Diagnostic signals are processed, and information is displayed on column-type indicators of symptoms. Machines and channels are selected for observation automatically. Gradation of mechanical condition of machines and system channels with their simultaneous marking by corresponding color is performed. EFFECT: improved diagnostics. 9 cl, 19 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of diagnostics of the technical condition of machines, and specifically, to methods for diagnosing and predicting the technical condition of machines, and can be used to diagnose the technical condition of machines forming machine complexes by analyzing vibration data, current consumption, voltage, flow rate of the working fluid, temperature of the machine, ensuring timely deviation of the actual state of the machines from the working state and the smooth operation of the entire complex.

 Known methods for diagnosing the technical condition of machines by vibration of the casing, (Aut. St. USSR N 868408 from 08.13.79 g. And Aut. St. USSR N 909617 from 08/08/80 class. G 01 M 15/00), which include that using an automatic diagnostic system measure the vibration parameters of the machine body, process them and display on a plane.

 The disadvantage of this method is the large loss of time and inaccuracy in the development of commands for controlling the diagnostic process due to the fact that the general vibrophone generated by the working machines is not taken into account, and also because the operator does not have the ability to visually capture the performance of all the machines at once and accordingly judge their performance.

 A known method for diagnosing and predicting the technical condition of machines ("TRENDMASTER 2000" L 4250 P.O. VOX 157 MINDEN NEVADA USA 89423), which consists in the fact that using an automatic diagnostic system measure signals characterizing the condition of the machines and graphically as diagnostic signs displayed on a computer display screen and compared with threshold values previously entered into the computer and displayed on the bargraph pointers of signs that form on the screen, and complement the screen with the schematic position of the machines and respective machines graphic symbols, and a menu with options, which by combining with the cursor form additional screens.

 The disadvantage of these methods is the large loss of time and inaccuracies in the development of control commands for the diagnostic process due to the fact that the general vibrophone generated by the working machines is not taken into account, and also because the operator does not have the ability to visually capture the performance of all the machines at once and accordingly judge their performance.

 In addition, it is difficult to quickly determine the position of the machine in the complex due to the fact that the construction of a schematic position of the machines is carried out without taking into account their actual relative position.

 The aim of the invention is to ensure the speed and accuracy of obtaining data about the condition of the machines and the development of commands for controlling the diagnostic process.

 The goal is a method for diagnosing and predicting the technical condition of machines, which consists in the fact that using an automatic diagnostic system measure the signals characterizing the condition of the machines, and as diagnostic signs are graphically displayed on the computer screen and compare them with threshold values previously entered into the computer and displayed on the bar pointers of signs that form on the screen, and complement the screen with the schematic position of the machines from the corresponding machines graphic symbols, and a menu with options by which additional screens are formed by combining with the cursor, is achieved by the fact that to display the current state of the machines and channels of the system itself in a complex and comprehensive control of the diagnostic process, the system forms a “monitor” screen, constructing a schematic on the screen position the system sets graphic symbols similarly and in proportion to the actual position of the machines in the complex, and divides each symbol into sections of the structural parts of the machine, for example, the engine and the complementary part, the measured signals from which the system displays on the bar indicators, which it preliminarily forms on the screen according to the signs of vibration acceleration, vibration velocity, vibration displacement, pressure, flow, temperature, voltage and current value with a mark of the upper and lower threshold values of the signs at a single visually perceived level, in the menu of the monitor screen, the system generates the “help” option - by calling the screen of explanations of the contents of the “monitor” screen and the order of its use, the options “system” and “trend” - by calling of the same name auxiliary screens, the option “analysis” - to call up the screen for displaying the signal of a selected channel of the system with hardware and control the process of signal analysis, the option “print” - to print the current contents of the screen on a printing device, the option “correction” - to call up the screen for correcting operating times machines and thresholds for turning on / off the machines, which the system displays in the “monitor” screen that it pre-creates, and the “correction” option allows you to call up the screen for determining the reasons for the machines to be put in reserve or a montage with subsequent call of the corresponding screens with a list of reasons for the withdrawal, and the system forms a text pointer on the “monitor” screen with the numbers of the machine and its structural part, based on the measured signals from which the system reveals a change in the gradation of the technical condition of the machine, and then the system signals on the screen changing the stages of gradation of the technical condition by groups of machines, coloring the corresponding structural sections of graphic symbols in different colors, and the color dependence is set separately for working and separately for non-working machines that are under repair or in reserve, at the same time, in a schematic position of the machines, the system selects from the group of machines of one stage of a technical condition a graphic symbol of the worst-state machine with the help of a luminous cursor, which the system forms individually for each machine according to a previously developed the order of processing the measured signals, and also the system provides information about the state of the selected machine on the bar pointers of signs, coloring them by color dependency installed for running machines.

 The goal in the method is achieved by the fact that on the called “monitor” screen by the “trend” option of the same name screen - “trend” to display the current state of the machine identified on the “monitor” screen and control the process of its diagnosis, the system builds a trend in the form the interchangeable axis of the time interval, at the ends of which the interchangeable axes of diagnostic signs are carried, forms a text pointer with the machine number and the number and name of its structural part, coloring the pointer with a color corresponding to the color on the screen "m onitor ", builds a menu, forming a number of options, the option -" help ", to call up the explanation screen with the contents of the" trend "screen and the order of its use, the" monitor "option to return to the" monitor "screen, two options" trend ", each by sequentially calling auxiliary screens, initially the screen for setting machine numbers, which then calls up the screen for setting the name of the structural part and then calling, according to the set name, the screen for setting diagnostic signs on the corresponding axis of the trend, the option is "time", by calling at the screen for setting the axis of the time interval with a list of the intervals themselves, and the “cursor” option, by calling up the screen for setting the parameters of diagnostic signs with the date and time of the analysis and a list of parameters with their values, the system forms a luminous cursor on the screen using which automatically perform operations to diagnose the machine by moving the cursor on the options and on the auxiliary screens.

The goal in the method is achieved by the fact that on the called “monitor” by the option “system” screen of the same name “system” to display information about the state of the hardware of the system and automatically control the process of diagnosis, the automatic system builds on the screen a schematic position of the hardware of the system , indicating their numbers in graphic symbols and coloring them according to the stages of gradation of the technical state of hardware, for example, in the following relationship:
green - the permissible state of the hardware;
yellow - the state of hardware requiring action;
red color indicates an unacceptable state of hardware;
in blue - status of faulty hardware,
and also the system forms a luminous cursor on the screen, with the help of which it selects a graphic symbol of the hardware with the worst parameters of diagnostic signs, and the bar pointers, which the system builds on the voltage signals of the channels self-monitoring, simultaneously displaying the level of the upper and lower threshold marks in them on one visually observed channel voltage values, in the menu the system generates command options for automatically performed operations, the “help” option - by calling the screen of explanations of the contents of the “s topic "and how to use it, the" monitor "option - to return to the" monitor "screen, the" oscilloscope "option - to call up the" oscilloscope "screen to go to the corresponding screen, and the" information "option to prevent unauthorized access to the system and display the information menu of the screen by successively calling up screens, first of which you can set positions, by turning on the system, by reporting errors, possibly entering data stored in the memory, and then by combining the command cursor with the indicated positions, the call of the respective screens.

 The goal in the method is achieved by the fact that on the “system” screen option of the “oscilloscope” screen of the same name to display the waveform and automatically control the process of pre-operational tuning of the system, the system generates a graph in the form of a time scan of the signal, for example, vibration acceleration the selected system channel according to the machine number on the "monitor" screen, in the menu the system generates command options for automatically performed operations, the "help" option - to call up the screen explanation screen contents "os the cylinder ”and the order of its use, the“ system ”options - upon returning to the“ system ”screen, the“ parameter ”options - on sequentially calling auxiliary screens, initially machine number setting screens, which then call up the installation screen for structural parts of the machine with their names and subsequent, according to the established name, call of the screen with diagnostic signs, which are then displayed on the chart for its automatic construction, the “control” option - by calling the screen of setting the parameter of the parameter with the list of parameters trov and their values, the option "record" - to write information to disk, and a text pointer with the number and name of the machine and its structural part, which measure vibration.

 The goal in the method is achieved by the fact that on the called “monitor” screen by the option “analysis” of the same screen - “analysis” to display and control the signal analysis process of the selected channel of the system with hardware, the system builds an analyzer window over which forms a text pointer, and in the window itself - it builds a graph of the spectrum of the signal of the selected channel and displays the designation of the sign and characteristics of the spectrum for automatically plotting, a menu with command options for automatically performed operations, options "help" - to call up the screen for explaining the contents of the "analysis" screen and the flaw of its use, the "monitor" option - to return to the "monitor" screen, the "measure" option - to start the measurement process for subsequent plotting, the "subject" option - by calling the channel selection screen and sign for analysis, the option parameter — by calling the analyzer parameter setting screen, the file option — by which the screen is written to the disk and read from it, the “print” option — by which the spectrum is printed to the printer, and also the system forms a command cursor that combines dissolved with said analysis options controlling process, the results of the measuring process, the system displays on the graph.

The goal in the method is achieved by the fact that on the called up “analysis” screen by the option “parameter” of the same name screen for setting analyzer parameters, the system builds a menu with the following options:
"reset" - by which the analyzer parameters are set to their initial position;
"record" - by which the analyzer parameters are fixed;
"installation" - by which the installation menu of the analyzer is called up with the following options:
"mode" - by which the analyzer mode is selected;
"direct amplitude." - by which the measurement mode of the direct amplitude spectrum is assigned;
"direct phase" - by which the measurement mode of the direct phase spectrum is assigned;
"envelope" - by which the mode of measuring the direct spectrum of amplitudes of the envelope of the signal is assigned;
"averaging" - by which the number of averaging of the analyzer is established;
"low-pass filter frequency" - by which the cut-off frequency of the input low-pass filter is set;
"HPF frequency" - by which the cut-off frequency of the input high-pass filter is set in series with the low-pass filter;
"range" - by which the width of the frequency range is selected;
"RAM" - which calls up the screen indicating the valid input to the computer's memory;
"scale" - by which a linear or logarithmic type of scale of the spectrum graph is established;
"scale" - by which the scale of the scale of the logarithmic type is set;
“reverse” - by which the parameters of automatic analysis are set with highlighting of the reverse, noise and blade components by using an additional screen with options such as “mode” - set the manual or automatic analysis mode;
"frequency" - by which the nominal frequency of the first reverse harmonic is set;
"harmonics" - by which the number of harmonics of the reverse component is established;
“interval” - by which the width of the interval of the vicinity of the nominal value of the first reverse harmonic is set for its actual value;
"partitions" - by which the number of partitions of the interval is set.

 The goal in the method is achieved by the fact that before entering threshold values of diagnostic signs into the computer, they are further specified individually for each machine by sequentially stopping the machines and measuring the vibration level of the idle machine, decomposing the beaten vibration level by vibration signs and accepting them as the initial value when determining the threshold values, the current parameters are displayed non-linearly, and before entering data into the computer to build the bar pointers Th difference between the boundary values of each of the signs, equating said difference to the length of the column.

 The goal in the method is achieved by the fact that the processing order of the measured signals to highlight the worst-case machine is performed in the form of the following sequence of operations, initially according to the stages of gradation of the technical condition, each working machine sets the initial dimensionless value in the computer, which is changed depending on the stage for each feature , then, during the passage of the signal through the computer, the percentage of the values of the current parameters of each vibration sign is determined to correspond to vuyuschim upper threshold values, and at the end of the process of allocating the worst state machine summarize historical baseline values and values of percentages of all characteristics for each machine separately, followed utilizing as the command signal to form cursor vibration machine having a sum of said quantities.

The goal in the method is achieved by the fact that the system performs the color dependence of the stages of gradation of the technical condition of the machines, taking into account the individual threshold values of all these diagnostic features of each machine in the following form:
for working machines:
green color - permissible condition of the machine;
yellow - the state of the machine requiring action;
red color - an unacceptable condition of the machine;
for idle machines:
brown color - condition of the car in repair;
gray color - the state of the machine in reserve;
blue color - the state of the faulty machine, its structural part and / or channel.

Analysis of the distinguishing features of the proposed method for diagnosing and predicting the technical condition of machines and the technical results provided by them showed that:
the specified way of constructing the form of the screen "monitor", its elements and communication with other screens, provides the operator with the speed and accuracy of obtaining data about the state of the complex of machines in general and the system channels, the ability to select machines in groups according to the stages of the technical condition, as well as highlight the worst-case machine and go to the definition, on other screens, to specify the state of a particular machine or channel;
the construction of a schematic position of the machines in accordance with the position of the machines in a real complex provides the operator with the speed of finding and completing work to eliminate the threatening situation;
dividing the system of graphic symbols of machines into structural sections, makes it possible to specify the location of the fault - in the engine or in the executive part;
the ability to call up the explanation screen and the specified way to call it, provide accuracy and speed of diagnosis;
execution by the system of a text pointer with the number and name of the machine automatically entered into it, provides the operator with the speed of determining the machine, which requires monitoring, taking measures, putting it into repair or in reserve; automatic distribution according to the stages of gradation of the technical condition for working and non-working machines, makes it possible on the one hand to quickly identify a faulty machine, and on the other, determine which machine can be replaced;
automatic selection of the machine with the worst performance from the group of machines of one stage and the path of its selection, gives the speed and accuracy of determining the machine for observation;
the specified way of forming the “trend” screen and its elements, gives the speed of building a trend of a change in a sign, replacing the measured signs, replacing the time axis (measured interval) and, ultimately, the speed of identifying a specific malfunction;
the use of the team cursor and options in the trend screen gives the speed of building trends, changing them and moving to another screen;
the specified way of forming the screen "system" and its elements, provides quick identification of a malfunctioning or requiring observation channel of interest to the system;
the specified way of forming the screen "oscilloscope" and its elements, ensures the speed and accuracy of the system settings before operation and the allocation of a faulty channel of the system, as well as analysis of the shape of the diagnostic signal of the machine;
the specified way of forming the screen "analysis" and its elements, provides the speed and accuracy of the analysis of the state of the machine;
measuring the vibration level of a non-working machine with a working set of machines and entering this level into the diagnostic process, improves the accuracy of diagnostics and determines the state of turning on / off the machine;
the proposed way of constructing pointers and non-linear output of the current parameters of diagnostic signs on them, ensures the speed and accuracy of the operator’s perception of current changes during the operation of the machines;
the proposed procedure for processing the measured signals to form the cursor of the selection of the worst-state machine, ensures the completeness and accounting of the analysis data of the state of the machine at the current time and the speed of their preparation by the system;
the proposed specific stages of graduation of the technical condition and the indicated color dependence of their selection provide the speed of determining the state of the machine and the development of a subsequent solution for it and for the entire complex as a whole.

 The invention is illustrated by drawings, which depict, in: FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of a diagnostic system; FIG. 2 - general view of the monitor screen; FIG. 3 is a general view of a monitor screen with a content screen and an order of use; FIG. 4 - a general view of the monitor screen with a password entry screen for accessing the correction mode; Fig. 5 - a general view of the monitor screen with a correction screen to clarify the operating time and the state of turning on / off the machine; Fig. 6 - general view of the screen " monitor "with screen correction for setting the causes and output for repair; Fig. 7 - general view of the screen" system "; Fig. 8 - general view of the screen" system "with screen information on access to the system, according to the system startup diagram, error message , the size of the free memory of the computer; Fig. 9 - general view of the trend screen; Fig. 10 - general view of the screen nd "with successively called screens for setting machine numbers, machine part, diagnostic feature; Fig. 11 is a general view of the trend screen with a parameter screen and the magnitude of their values; Fig. 12 is a general view of the oscilloscope screen; Fig. 13 - a general view of the screen "oscilloscope" with successively called screens for setting the numbers of machines, part of the machine, a diagnostic feature; Fig. 14 is a General view of the screen of the "oscilloscope" with a screen for setting the channel parameters; FIG. 15 is a general view of the "oscilloscope" screen with a password entry screen for accessing the system; FIG. 16 is a general view of the "oscilloscope" screen with a screen for recording channel parameters to disk; FIG. 17 is a General view of the screen "analysis"; FIG. 18 is a general view of the “analysis” screen with screens for setting modes and their parameters; FIG. l9 - general view of the "analysis" screen with a screen for managing the loading and saving of data.

 The proposed method for diagnosing and predicting the technical condition of machines consists in the fact that all operations for measuring diagnostic signs, processing and displaying them are carried out automatically using a diagnostic system that contains (Fig. 1) sensors 1 (vibration transducers, thermocouples, flow meters, manometers, voltage and current sensors), hardware 2 and 3, computer 4, display 5, keyboard 6, remote cursor 7, printer 8, speech and signal synchronizer 9.

 Sensors 1 are installed on machines 10, each of which is made in the form of an electric motor connected to the pump. Machines 10 are combined into complexes 11 and installed on a common foundation together with hardware 2 and 3.

 In this case, the signals from the vibration transducers, the diagnostic system converts the signs of vibration acceleration, vibration velocity and vibration displacement into the state of machines 10 and displays them on display 5 of computer 4.

 A computer 4, a display 5, a keyboard 4, a remote cursor 7, a printer 8, a speech and signal synchronizer 9 are installed at a diagnostic station 12, which is a considerable distance from the complex 11.

 The diagnostic system forms on the display 5 a series of interchangeable screens for displaying diagnostic information, with a number of elements in each screen that are used to control the diagnostic process in automatic and / or manual mode.

 The system starts forming the screens from the "monitor" screen (Fig. 2-6) to display the current state of the machines and channels of the system itself in complex 11 and to comprehensively control the diagnostic process.

 Moreover, the system performs on the monitor screen the schematic position of the machines 10 in the form of graphic symbols 13, breaks them into sections 14 and 15 of the structural parts of the machine 10 (engine 14, pump 15) and sets the symbols 13 in accordance with the actual position of the machines 10 in the complex 11 to quickly find machines by the operator.

 On the given screen of a particular complex 11, symbols 16 - 31 of machines 10 are displayed, each of which the system paints in different colors according to the color dependence, while sections 14 and 15 (engine and pump) of each symbol 13 are painted by the system depending on the state of the engine and pump.

The color dependence of the stages of gradation of the technical condition of the machines 10, the diagnostic system performs taking into account the individual threshold values of all these diagnostic features of each machine 10 in the following form:
for working machines:
green color - permissible condition of the machine;
yellow - the state of the machine requiring action;
red color - an unacceptable condition of the machine;
for idle machines:
brown color - condition of the car in repair;
gray color - the state of the machine in reserve;
blue color - the state of the faulty measuring channel of the structural part of the machine.

 Allowed condition (green) are cars with numbers 16 and 28, unacceptable condition (red) is machines 13 and 31, repair condition (brown) is machines 21 and 25, standby condition (gray) is machines 18 and 30, an invalid state channels (blue) of the diagnostic system has a machine 24, an invalid state of the structural part (pump - red) of the machine 20 and 23, an invalid state of the structural part (engine - red) - the machine 20.

 In addition, in the schematic position of the machines 10, the system automatically sets the cursor 32 to the worst graphic symbol of the machine 10.

 The processing order of the measured signal for highlighting the worst-case machine 10 using the cursor 32 is performed in the form of the following sequence of operations, initially, according to the stages of gradation of the technical condition of each working machine 10, a dimensionless quantity is set in computer 4, which is changed depending on the stage for each feature, then the time it takes for the signal to pass through the computer 4 determines the percentage of the values of the current parameters of each vibrating attribute to the corresponding upper threshold values James 33.

 In the "monitor" screen, the system forms a series of windows 34 (Figs. 2-6), in which it runs bar indicators 35, with thresholds 33, feature symbol 36, indicates units of measurement 37 and the current value of parameter 38.

 Before entering into the computer 4 threshold values of 33 diagnostic signs, they are additionally updated individually for each machine 10, by sequentially stopping the machines 10 and measuring the vibration level of the idle machine 10, decomposing the measured vibration level by vibration signs and accepting them as the initial value when determining threshold values 33 .

 The system displays the current parameters 38 characteristics to the bar pointers 35 non-linearly, and before entering into the computer 4 to build the bar pointers 35 different diagnostic signs in size, the difference between the upper and lower boundaries of each symptom is equated to the length of the corresponding column 35, which is performed the same for all by proportional recalculation of the difference between the absolute values of the boundaries of all signs relative to the selected one.

 Moreover, the system forms on the screen "monitor" (Fig. 2-6) bar pointers 35 for subsequent display on them of such signs as: vibration acceleration, vibration velocity, vibration displacement, pressure, flow, temperature, voltage and current magnitude.

 In addition, the system generates a text pointer 39 on the monitor screen, for example, with the number 40 of machine 10 (which is indicated by cursor 32), the name of the machine 41 and the name of its structural part (which is being measured), a window 43 indicating the initial data machines and instructions to the 44 operator about the necessary operation to eliminate the malfunction or other actions.

Also, the system forms a menu 45 on the "monitor" screen with command options for switching to additional and auxiliary screens, namely:
options for auxiliary screens - options 46 for calling up the help screen 47 (Fig. 3) with a brief summary of the monitor screen and the procedure for its use - options 48 for calling up the correction 49 screen for accessing the system (Fig. 4) and by calling up the screen 50 with options 51 - 53. According to option 53, call up the screen 54 with the operating time and the values of the on / off thresholds. According to option 51, the screen 55 is called (Fig. 6) indicating the reasons for the conclusion to repair. On option 52, they call up the machine status screen in standby;
options for additional screens - options 56 for calling up the screen "system", options 57 for calling up the screen "trend", options 58 for calling up the screen "analysis", option 59 for printing analysis results on a printer 8.

As can be seen from the above, the “monitor” screen in the process of diagnostics performs two functions simultaneously:
the first function is the provision of current diagnostic information, which makes it possible to judge the real technical condition of the entire complex at once, as well as about each machine 10 individually and its structural parts (Fig. 2 - cursor 32 and pointer 39 with names 40 - 42);
the second function is automatic control of the process of specifying diagnostics in automatic mode, which provides a transition to other screens (menu 45 with command operations 46, 48, 56 - 59 and screens 43, 47, 49, 50, 54 and 55).

 Additional screens (which the operator calls up to the display with 5 menu options 45 of the monitor screen) perform the functions of providing current diagnostic information and controlling the diagnostic process in certain directions.

 According to option 56, the system automatically forms a screen "system" (Fig. 7 and 8) similarly to the screen "monitor".

At the same time, on the “system” screen, the diagnostic system forms a schematic position of the system channels in the form of graphic symbols 60, which correspond to the system hardware 2 and 3 and colors the symbols according to the stages of gradation of the technical state of the channels according to the color dependence:
green - the permissible state of the hardware;
yellow - the state of hardware requiring action;
red indicates an invalid hardware condition.

 In each graphic symbol 60, the system indicates the operating number of the hardware 2 and 3 (specifically, from 0 to 77).

 In the reserve (gray color) are hardware with operating numbers 40 - 77, in the state of hardware requiring action (yellow), with operating numbers 20, 27 and 34, in an unacceptable state of hardware (red) - operating numbers 1 and 15.

 To prevent a fire hazard, hardware 2 and 3 with operating numbers 1 and 15 are immediately replaced with the corresponding ones, choosing from hardware 2 and 3 with operating numbers 40 - 77, and the state of hardware with operating numbers 20, 27 and 34 is specified (see below )

 On the “system” screen, the diagnostic system forms windows 61 of bargraph pointers 62 of bi-directional signs of voltage of the self-monitoring of operability of the measuring channel with thresholds 63 and a numerical value of the current value of the symptom 64, a text pointer 65 with a date of 66 and a system start time 67.

 In addition, on the "system" screen, the diagnostic system generates a menu 68 with command options: the "help" option 69; the "monitor" option 70, upon returning to the "monitor" screen; option "oscilloscope" 71 and option "info" 72.

 According to option 69 (help), the system calls up an auxiliary screen (not shown conditionally) with a brief summary of the "system" screen and the order of its use.

 According to option 70 (monitor), they go to the main screen - “monitor”.

 According to option 72 (info) on the screen "system", the auxiliary screen "information" 73 (Fig. 8) is called up with a number of options for calling up screens: 74 - a screen indicating the system starts up; 75 - screen indicating error messages; 76 - screen indicating the size of computer memory 4; 77 - forced delivery of a voice message about the status of the equipment.

 According to option 57 (trend) on the “monitor” screen, the diagnostic system automatically generates a “trend” screen (Figs. 9–11) to identify a faulty element of the machine 10, defined by the cursor 32, or chosen arbitrarily by color dependence, for example, the yellow symbol 13 .

 On the trend screen, the system builds a window 78 in which it forms a trend in the form of an automatically set axis 79 of the time interval (Figs. 9-11 show the axis 79 of the interval of 30 minutes). At the ends of axis 79, the system distributes vertical axes 80 of diagnostic features, which are set by default by the diagnostic system automatically (for example, vibration acceleration and vibration velocity), or, of your choice, an operator.

 Above window 78, the system forms a text pointer 81 of the number of the diagnosed machine, its element 83 and structural part 84, for example: H12 -1 front pump bearing; H17 -1 front pump bearing.

In addition, the system generates a menu 85 on the trend screen with a text pointer 86 (with the date and time the machine was started) and with command options:
option 87 "help" to call up a screen with a brief summary of the "trend" screen and the order of its use (not shown conditionally);
option 88 “monitor” to return to the “monitor” screen;
options 89 and 90 “trend 1” and “trend 2” for sequentially calling auxiliary screens (see below);
Option 91 "time" to call up the screen with time intervals - 30 minutes, 1 day, 6 days, 15 days, 1 g, 7 years;
option 92 "cursor" to call up the screen with which the trend analysis of diagnostic signs with the date and time of the analysis and a list of parameters with values of their values 99 (Fig. 1);
option 93 "print", with which the operator prints the data of the "trend" screen on the printer 8.

 In options 89 and 90, the operator sequentially calls up the auxiliary screens (Fig. 10), initially screen 94 with a list of machine numbers, where each number is used as option 95 to call up the screen 96 of the machine element. And in the screen 96, each of its specified element is used as an option 97 to call up the screen 98 with the symbol of the signs that the operator sets on the axes 80 by combining with the cursor.

 According to option 71 (Figs. 7 and 8) from the "system" screen, the diagnostic system automatically generates an "oscilloscope" screen (Figs. 12-16), with which the waveform of vibration acceleration, vibration velocity, vibration displacement and the waveform of self-diagnosis are determined, and control the process of pre-operational tuning of the diagnostic system itself.

 On the "oscilloscope" screen, the system forms a window 100 in which it plots 101 of the indicated signals in the form of a time scan on the selected channel of the system, and above the window 100 - a text pointer 102, which forms the operating number and name of the machine 103 (H-10 centrifugal pump ), the name of the diagnosed element 104 (front bearing) and the structural part of the machine 105 (engine).

 In addition, on the "oscilloscope" screen, the system generates a menu 106 with the current date and time 107, and command options: 108 - help, 109 - system, 110 - parameters, 111 - control, 112 - recording.

 According to option 108, on the "oscilloscope" screen, the system forms a screen with a brief summary of the "oscilloscope" screen and the order of its use (not shown conditionally).

 According to option 109, on the "oscilloscope" screen, the system returns to the "system" screen (Figs. 7 and 8).

 According to option 110 (Fig. 13), on the "oscilloscope" screen, the system creates a machine installation screen with their numbers 114, which are used as options to call up the installation screen 115 of the machine element 116, which then calls up the screen 117 for setting features 118. According to the selected operator To features 118, the system displays on the vertical axis 119 of chart 101 the corresponding feature in the form of values 120 and legend 121.

 According to option 111 (Fig. 14), on the "oscilloscope" screen, the system forms a control screen 122, on which it generates option 123 for the subsequent refinement of system parameters, which the operator displays on axis 119 of graph 101.

 According to option 112 (FIG. 14), on the “oscilloscope” screen, the system generates a screen 124 for accessing the system, and also forms a screen 125 for recording to disk (FIG. 16).

 According to option 58 (analysis), from the "monitor" screen (Fig. 2-6) on display 4, the system forms the "analysis" screen (Fig. 17).

 The sequence of operations for the formation of the screen "analysis" (Fig. 17) is similar to the sequence of operations for the formation of screens "trend" and "oscilloscope".

 In this case, the system forms an analyzer window 126 on the "analysis" screen, in which it builds a measurement graph 127 with the horizontal axis 128 and 129. On the horizontal axis 128, the operator subsequently postpones the frequency, and on the vertical axis 129, the operator postpones the value of the measured characteristic.

 In addition, in the analyzer window 126 of the “analysis” screen (Fig. 17), the system generates pointers: 130 — sign of the sign; 131 - the frequency of the reverse component of the vibration spectrum, which is equal to the rotational speed of the machine shaft; 132 is the frequency of the component indicated by the cursor; 133 - the level of the component marked by the cursor; 134 is the number of averages; 135 - the value of the reverse component of the spectrum, the frequency of which is equal to the frequency of rotation of the shaft of the machine; 136 - the value of the blade component of the vibration spectrum, the frequency of which is equal to the frequency of passage of the pump diffuser by the blades and is numerically equal to the product of the number of blades on the rotor by the revolution frequency; 137 - the magnitude of the noise component of the spectrum.

 And also on the screen "analysis" (Fig. 17), the system generates a menu 139 with the following options: 140 - "help" to call up the screen with a brief summary of the screen "analysis" and the order of its use; 141 - “monitor”, upon returning to the screen “monitor”; 142 - “measure” to start the measurement process (see below); 143 - "subject", for the choice of machine and sign for analysis; 144 - “parameters”, for setting parameters in the analyzer window 126; 145 - "file", for recording spectra on a disk and reading from it; 146 - "print" for printing spectra on a printer.

 When option 144 "parameters" is selected, the menu 147 (Fig. 18) appears on the "analysis" screen with the following options: 148 - "reset", for setting the analyzer parameters to their original initial position; 149 - "installation", for setting the parameters of the analyzer; 150 - "record", for fixing the parameters of the analyzer.

 When the "analysis" screen is called up from the "monitor" screen, in the analyzer window 126, the system sets the parameters that were last recorded.

 Choosing option 149 “setup”, the operator calls up the analyzer setup menu 151 of analyzer 126 with the options on the analysis screen: 152 - “mode”, according to which the operator assigns one of the following analyzer modes: “direct amp.”, According to which the operator sets the mode measurements of the direct spectrum of amplitudes; "direct" phase ", according to which the operator sets the measurement mode of the direct spectrum of phases; "envelope", according to which the operator sets the measurement mode of the direct spectrum of amplitudes of the envelope of the signal; 156 - "averaging", according to which the operator sets the number of averages of the analyzer 126; 157 - "LPF frequency", by which the operator sets the frequency of the input cutoff of the low-pass filter; 158 - "HPF frequency", by which the operator sets the frequency of the input cutoff of the high-pass filter, set in series with the low-pass filter; 159 - "range", according to which the operator sets the width of the frequency range of the analyzer: 5200, 2600, 130 and 65 Hz; 160 - "RAM", by which the operator determines the size of the memory of the computer 4 (display only); 161 - "scale Y", according to which the operator sets the linear or logarithmic type of scale analyzer; 167 - "scale Y", according to which the operator sets the scale for the logarithmic type of scale of the analyzer; 168 - "reverse", according to which the operator sets the parameters of the automatic spectrum analysis (allocation of the reverse, blade and noise components of the spectrum).

 The following menu options 169 are used: 170 - “mode”, according to which the operator assigns an automatic or manual analysis mode; 171 - "frequency" at which the operator sets the nominal frequency of the first reverse harmonic; 172 - "harmonics", according to which the operator sets the number of harmonics of the reverse component; 173 - “interval”, by which the operator sets the width of the interval of the nominal value of the first reverse harmonic to determine its actual value; 174 - "partitions", by which the operator sets the number of slaves of the interval.

When selecting option 145 “file”, the operator calls to the “analysis” screen of menu 175 with options for recording and reading spectra, and specifically, with options: 176 - “load data”, by which the operator calls up the previously saved spectrum screen; 177 - "save data", by which the operator saves this screen to disk
When the operator selects option 146 "print", the system prints the current analyzer screen on the printer.

 Thus, the proposed method for diagnosing and predicting the technical condition of machines provides a warning of a fire hazard situation on the machine complex and its uninterrupted operation by increasing the speed and accuracy of generating control commands for the diagnostic process by constructing on the screen a schematic position of the machines in accordance with the actual position of the machines in the real complex , processing of signals and their display, taking into account the general vibraphone of the complex and the speed of accurate determination of the vibraphone, automatic matic channel selection and machine for observation, input gradation method in the technical state machines and channels with simultaneous evolution of the color position in a schematic and bump parameters pointers, output thresholds on a single bump on a visually perceptible level.

Claims (9)

 1. A method for diagnosing and predicting the technical condition of machines, which consists in using an automatic diagnostic system to measure signals characterizing the condition of the machines and graphically display them on the computer screen as diagnostic signs and compare them with threshold values previously entered into the computer and displayed on the bar pointers of signs that form on the screen, and complement the screen with the schematic position of the machines from the graphic symbols corresponding to the machines c, and a menu with options by which, by combining with the cursor, additional screens are formed, characterized in that for displaying the current state of the machines and channels of the system itself in a complex and complex control of the diagnostic process, the system forms a “monitor” screen, constructing a schematic position on the screen , the system sets graphic symbols similarly and in proportion to the actual position of the machines in the complex, and divides each symbol into sections of the structural parts of the machine, for example, the engine and the executive part, and measured signals from which the system displays on the bar indicators, which it preliminarily generates on the screen according to the signs of vibration acceleration, vibration velocity, vibration displacement, pressure, flow, temperature, voltage and current with a mark of the upper and lower threshold values of signs at a single visually perceptible level, in the menu of the screen “monitor” the system generates the “help” option to call up the screen for explaining the contents of the “monitor” screen and the order of its use, the “system” and “trend” options for calling the auxiliary screens of the same name new, the “analysis” option to call up the signal display screen of the selected channel of the system with hardware and the control of the signal analysis process, the “print” option to print the current contents of the screen on a printing device, the “correction” option to call up the screen for correction of machine operating time and threshold values turning on / off the machines that the system displays in the “monitor” screen that it previously generates, and the “correction” option allows you to call up the screen for determining the reasons for the machines to be put in reserve or for repair, followed by of the corresponding screens with a list of reasons for withdrawal, and the system forms a text pointer on the “monitor” screen with the numbers of the machine and its structural part, from the measured signals from which the system reveals a change in the gradation of the technical condition of the machine, and then the system signals on the screen a change in the stages of gradation of the technical state by groups of machines, coloring the corresponding structural sections of graphic symbols in various colors, and the color dependence is set separately for working and separately for at the same time, in a schematic position of the machines, the system selects from the group of machines of one stage of a technical condition a graphic symbol of the worst-state machine with the help of a luminous cursor, which the system forms individually for each machine according to a pre-developed order of processing the measured signals , as well as the system provides information about the state of the selected machine on the bar pointers of signs, coloring them according to the color dependence, installed oh for working machines.  2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that on the “monitor” screen called by the “trend” option of the “trend” screen of the same name, to display the current state of the machine identified on the “monitor” screen and to control its diagnostic process, the system builds a trend in the form of an interchangeable axis of a time interval, at the ends of which carries interchangeable axes of diagnostic signs, forms a text pointer with settable machine numbers and the number and name of its structural part, coloring the pointer with a color corresponding to the color on the monitor screen, page it pops up a menu, forming a number of options: the “help” option to call up an explanation screen with the contents of the “trend” screen and the order of its use, the “monitor” option to return to the “monitor” screen, two “trend” options, each by successively calling auxiliary screens , initially, the screen for setting machine numbers, which then calls up the screen for setting the name of the structural part and the subsequent call, according to the established name, of the screen for setting a diagnostic sign on the corresponding axis of the trend, the "time" option for calling the screen is set the axis of the time interval with a list of the intervals themselves, and the option “cursor” to call up the screen for setting the parameters of diagnostic signs with the date and time of analysis and a list of parameters with the values of their values, while the system generates a luminous cursor on the screen, with which it automatically executes operations to diagnose the machine by moving the cursor on the options and on the auxiliary screens.  3. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that on the called “monitor” by the option “system” screen of the same name “system” to display information about the status of the hardware of the system and automatically control the process of diagnostics, the automatic system builds a schematic position on the screen the hardware of the system, indicating their numbers in graphic symbols and coloring them according to the stages of gradation of the technical state of the hardware, for example, in the following relationship: the permissible state of the hardware is green, the color of the hardware condition, which requires action, the red color is the unacceptable state of the hardware, the blue state of the faulty hardware, and the system forms a luminous cursor on the screen with which it highlights the graphic symbol of the hardware with the worst parameters of diagnostic signs, and bar indicators , which the system builds on the voltage signals of the self-monitoring of the channels, while at the same time displaying in them one visual observable level of the upper and lower The threshold values of the channel voltage, in the menu, the system generates command options for automatically performed operations: the "help" option to call up the screen for explaining the contents of the "system" screen and the order of its use, the "monitor" option upon returning to the "monitor" screen, the "oscilloscope" option calling the "oscilloscope" screen to go to the corresponding screen and the "information" option to prevent unauthorized access to the system and displaying the information menu of the screen by successively calling up the screens that are initially set up s, for integrating the system, according to the error, if possible in the input memory, the stored data in a memory, and then by combining with said command cursor positions corresponding calling screens.  4. The method according to p. 3, characterized in that on the “system” screen option called the “oscilloscope” of the same name “oscilloscope” screen for displaying the waveform and automatically controlling the process of pre-operational tuning of the system, the system generates a graph in the form of a time scan of the signal, for example acceleration on the selected channel of the system by the machine number on the monitor screen, in the menu the system generates command options for automatically performed operations: the help option to call up the screen for explaining the contents of the oscilloscope screen and then the kernel of its use, the options “system” to return to the screen “system”, the options “parameter” for successively calling auxiliary screens, initially screens for setting machine numbers, which then call up the screen for setting structural parts of the machine with their names and the subsequent, by the established name by calling up a screen with diagnostic features, which are then displayed on a chart for its automatic construction, the “control” option by calling up the screen for setting a feature parameter with a list of parameters and their values, options "record" for recording information on the disk and a text pointer with the number and name of the machine and its structural part, which measure vibration.  5. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that on the called “monitor” screen by the “analysis” option of the “analysis” screen of the same name to display and control the signal analysis process of the selected channel of the system with hardware, the system builds an analyzer window over which it forms a text pointer, and in the window itself builds a graph of the spectrum of the signal of the selected channel and displays the designation of the sign and characteristics of the spectrum for automatic plotting, a menu with command options for automatically performed operations: the "help" option I call the screen for explaining the contents of the "analysis" screen and the order of its use, the "monitor" option to return to the "monitor" screen, the "measure" option to start the measurement process for subsequent plotting, the "subject" option to call up the channel selection screen and the sign for analysis, options “parameter” to call the screen for setting the parameters of the analyzer, options “file” by which the screen is written to the disk and read from it, options “print” by which the spectrum is printed to the printer, and the system forms a command cursor that is combined with the specified option By controlling the analysis process, the system displays the results of the measurement process on a graph.  6. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that on the “analysis” screen called by the “parameter” option of the screen of the same name for setting analyzer parameters, the system builds a menu with the options: “reset” by which the analyzer parameters are set to the initial position, “record "by which the parameters of the analyzer are fixed," installation "by which the installation menu of the analyzer is called up with the following options:" mode "by which the analyzer mode is selected; “direct amp.” by which the direct amplitude spectrum measurement mode is assigned, “direct phase” by which the direct phase spectrum measurement mode is assigned, “envelope” by which the direct mode of amplitude envelope amplitude spectrum measurement is assigned, “averaging” by which the analyzer averaging number is set "The low-pass filter frequency" by which the cut-off frequency of the input low-pass filter is set; the "low-pass filter" by which the cut-off frequency of the high-frequency input filter is set in series with the low-pass filter, "di range "by which the width of the frequency range is selected," RAM "by which a screen is displayed indicating the admissible input into the computer's memory," scale "by which the linear or logarithmic type of the spectrum graph scale is set," scale "by which the scale of the logarithmic type is set," revolving "by which the parameters of automatic analysis are set with highlighting the revolving, noise and blade components by using an additional screen with options such as" mode "set manually or automatically analysis mode, the "frequency" by which the nominal frequency of the first reverse harmonic is set, the "harmonics" by which the number of harmonics of the reverse component is set, the "interval" by which the width of the interval of the vicinity of the nominal value of the first reverse harmonic is set for its actual value, the "partition" by which set the number of interval partitions.  7. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that before entering threshold values of diagnostic signs into the computer, they are further specified individually for each machine by sequentially stopping the machines and measuring the vibration level of the idle machine, decomposing the measured vibration level into vibration signs and accepting them as the original when determining threshold values, the current parameters are displayed non-linearly, and before the data are entered into the computer to build the bar pointers, the differences are recalculated and between the boundary values of each of the attributes, equating the mentioned difference to the length of the column.  8. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the processing order of the measured signals to highlight the worst-case machine is performed in the form of the following sequence of operations: initially, the initial dimensionless value is set in the computer according to the stages of gradation of the technical condition of each working machine, which varies depending on the stage for each sign, then during the passage of the signal through the computer, the percentage of the values of the current parameters of each vibration sign to the corresponding top and their threshold values at the end of selection process worst state machine summarize historical baseline values and values of percentages of all characteristics for each machine separately, followed utilizing as the command signal to form cursor vibration machine having a sum of said quantities.  9. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the system performs the color dependence of the stages of gradation of the technical condition of the machines taking into account the individual threshold values of all the indicated diagnostic features of each machine in the following form: for working machines: green - the permissible state of the machine, yellow color state machines requiring action, red color is an unacceptable condition of the machine, for non-working machines: brown color is the condition of the machine under repair, gray is the condition of the machine in reserve, blue is the condition is malfunctioning th machine, its structural part and / or channel.

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