RU2102126C1 - Device for treatment of grounds and other moistened media - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: treatment of grounds, silts and other moistened dispersed media. SUBSTANCE: treated medium is separated into compartments by shields from dielectric material. Shields are installed downward to the depth of material treatment, and upward above possible water level in compartment. Located on boundaries of compartments are horizontal casing pipes in one of which cathode is installed, and in the other, anode of bipolar electrodes. Compartments are separated in the middle with dielectric shields installed to depth ensuring rated electrochemical transfer of impurities under them. EFFECT: efficient cleaning of grounds and other moistened media from metals, salts and other impurities. 2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the processing of soils, sludges and other moistened dispersed media, in order to clean from metals, salt and other contaminants.

 Existing technological methods, for example, the processing of sewage from city water pipelines, are accompanied by the formation of large volumes of moisture-saturated precipitation (sludge), containing a huge number of contaminants and poorly returning moisture. Corresponding irrigation fields are withdrawn from the economy and can pollute the environment.

 A known method of electrochemical treatment of sewage sludge according to [1] in which the separation of the solid phase is carried out in an electric field. The disadvantage [1] is the low productivity, complexity and energy consumption of the corresponding technology, carried out by processing the medium on a rotating electrode.

 Mass environmental pollution associated with the intensification of industrial production, as well as with radioactive and domestic pollution of utilities, require the cleaning of significant volumes of media at silt collectors, industrial sites, etc. as well as the localization of contaminated areas. This also includes the acute problem of removing large areas from economic turnover (desertification), both due to industrial pollution and secondary salinization of soil. The problematic reuse of sewage sludge and other materials due to their pollution, as a rule, makes it impossible to use the appropriate containers.

 The electrochemical treatment of humid dispersed media according to [2] adopted as a prototype is carried out using special elements immersed in a staggered medium in a checkerboard pattern that provide electrochemical removal of the corresponding contaminants from the medium (in general, changing the composition, strength, humidity and other properties of the material) .

 The disadvantages of the prototype: the need for a significant number of expensive electrodes, the large length of the cables with a significant cross-section of the conductors, the complexity of installation and operation of the devices, the difficulty of reusing them, the inability to work when water appears on the processed medium, for example, after precipitation.

 In order to eliminate the disadvantages of the known devices, it is proposed to divide the medium into compartments with shields of dielectric material, installed at a processing depth with a height of the upper edge above the possible water level in the compartment, horizontally casing pipes (ditches) in which to install bipolar electrodes (in one cathode, into another anode), and the compartments should be separated by screens of dielectric material to a depth that provides the calculated electrochemical transfer of impurities under them; it is possible to perform bipolar electrodes in the form of vertically mounted in short casing pipes in the upper part of the medium to be processed and interconnected without a longitudinal cable; the screen can be made in the form of curtains of air or hardening liquid injected into the medium.

 The invention is illustrated by drawings, in which the processed medium 1 is divided into compartments by screens 2 of dielectric material installed on the depth of processing of the medium. In this case, possible gaps or small holes in the screen do not play a significant role. Along the edges of each compartment on the surface of the processed gray hair are made electrodes placed both horizontally (Fig. 1) and in short vertical casing pipes (Fig. 2). On both sides of the screen 2, bipolar electrodes are installed in the ditches 3 (Fig. 1) or in vertical short casing pipes (Fig. 2), where respectively the anode 4 and cathode 5 (monopolar electrodes along the edges of the processed array) or 6 and 8 bipolar electrode 7. Vertically mounted bipolar electrodes are connected only in pairs and do not have longitudinal bonds. Each compartment is divided in the middle by a screen 9 of dielectric material installed at a depth that provides the calculated electrochemical transfer of raw material impurities under it. The upper edges of the taps 2 and 9 are installed above the possible water level in the compartment.

 It is possible to make screens by injecting curtains of air or a curing liquid (for example, non-conductive concrete or polymeric material) into the medium to be treated.

 The claimed invention works as follows. Due to the electric voltage supplied from the current source to the monopolar electrodes 4 and 5, the current flows from the cathode 5 through the medium 1, bypassing the screen 9 to the anode 8 of the bipolar electrode 7. Next, the next compartment is processed after the screen 2 from the next cathode 6. Pi impurities extracted from the treated medium as a result of the corresponding electrochemical processes are collected in the absorbers of ditches (casing pipes) 3.

 The claimed proposal provides by means of cheap and technological screens the “coverage” of all the processed material by electric currents. Not only impurities in the form of ions, but also liquids are removed from the processed raw materials, which leads to compaction of the material and removal of not only water, but also liquid contaminants such as oil products and acids, salts and other chemicals dissolved in water. In turn, water purification from the listed impurities is simpler than purification of moist dispersed media from them. Liquids (aqueous and other solutions) are collected at the cathode. Therefore, cathode casing pipes (ditches) must be connected to the receivers (reservoirs) of the liquid.

 As the electrodes for this invention, cable systems are optimally suitable according to the application for the invention of the same authors "Anode earthing switch", sent simultaneously with this application. Electrodes according to [3] or others can also be used.

 One of the main advantages of the claimed proposal is the ability to create mobile units that can be transferred from place to place as the material is processed, as well as their ability to work in any weather (due to the excess of screens over the possible water level, a layer of water on the surface of the medium, for example, after rain, the circuit will not be closed). It also allows direct treatment of bottom sludge in natural water bodies (for example, after radioactive and other emissions).

 Thus, the claimed proposal allows, by reducing the length of the cables (due to the fact that there is no need to power each electrode, which in the prototype is installed at a considerable depth a lot (to cover the entire volume of the medium)), increase the electric voltage and, accordingly, reduce the current strength, which means , reduce the cross-section of wires and save the number of expensive electrodes, significantly reduce the complexity of construction and maintenance works, as well as ensure multiple use other equipment.

Literature
1. Autosvid. USSR N 648539, class C 02 F 1/467, 1977
2. Stender V.V. Applied electrochemistry. Ed. Kharkov University, 1965.

 3. US patent N 4452683, CL. 204 196, 1984.

Claims (2)

 1. Device for treating soils and humidified media, including insoluble electrodes, casing, cable network, current source and receiver of removed impurities, characterized in that the medium to be treated is divided into compartments by shields made of dielectric material, set to the processing depth, and the upper edge of the screen installed above the possible water level in the compartment, casing pipes are located horizontally along the boundaries of the compartments, the electrodes are made bipolar, and the anode and cathode parts of the electrodes are placed in adjacent casing pipes, in compartments shields of dielectric material are installed, placed to a depth that provides electrochemical transfer of impurities under them.  2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the dielectric screens are made of a curable liquid.

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