RU210209U1 - STAIR SECTION - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the load-bearing components of ladders, which are mainly used in the electric power industry for installation work at height. The task is to increase the efficiency and versatility of the use of a ladder section in hard-to-reach places. (2) bowstrings (1), each of which is covered by two brackets (3) with the formation of through cavities. At the same time, its top (B) is narrower than its bottom (C). It is recommended to make bowstrings (1) and steps (2) from electrically insulating material. outside of the ladder section (N1). It is expedient to fasten the steps (2) at an angle to the bowstrings (1) in the range of 75°±3°, assuming that the ladder section, being placed on a base with a wall of 90°, would be leaning to it at an angle of 75°. Examples of the formation of added compound ladders from similar ladder sections are given.

Description

The utility model relates to the load-bearing components of ladders, which are mainly used in the electric power industry for installation work at height.

Known ladder section [1, Patent BY 12040 U, IPC E06S 1/24; H02G 1/02, national priority 08/16/2018, published 06/30/2019], containing two bowstrings made in the form of truncated cones and fastened together through steps. At the same time, the lower parts of each bowstring of the upstream section are made with cone-shaped cavities.

The disadvantage of this section is the complexity of its design and manufacturing technology in view of the need to perform each bowstring in the form of truncated cones, and due to the need to perform in the lower parts of the cone-shaped cavities.

Known adopted for the prototype of the utility model is simpler in design and technology of its manufacture of the ladder section [2, Patent BY 12375 U, IPC E06C 1/24; H02G 1/02, national priority 03/06/2020, publication 08/30/2020], which contains two strings parallel to each other, fastened through steps. Moreover, the bowstrings from one of their ends are covered by two brackets turned inside the stair section. Staples form through cavities with bowstrings.

However, such a ladder section has relatively large dimensions at the top, which complicates the area of its direct application in hard-to-reach places.

In addition, the use of staples only at one end of the bowstrings of the ladder section reduces the versatility of its use in the formation of it, and from the same shape and composition of sections of long-base ladders.

Moreover, the remaining sections must be smaller in width, otherwise it will be impossible to form a composite ladder from ladder sections of the same dimensions. At the same time, its ladder sections are not unified among themselves. Each of them differs from the others in size, at least in width. This complicates the manufacture of an attached compound ladder, as well as its assembly and storage. In addition, such an assembly is limited in the number of sections, since each of its upper sections is narrower than the previous lower one, which limits the dimensions of the product as a whole in height and reduces the versatility of its application.

Therefore, the task for the utility model is to increase the efficiency and versatility of the use of a ladder section in hard-to-reach places, as well as when forming an attached compound ladder as part of the same sections, including an increased height, by achieving a technical result aimed at reducing the dimensions of the ladder section in comparison with the prototype [2], as well as due to a more rational arrangement of two brackets on each bowstring of the stair section.

The problem is solved by the fact that (Fig. 1-20), in the stair section (N1 - N5), containing two bowstrings (1) fastened through the steps (2), each of which is covered by two brackets (3), forming with it cavity (7), there are distinctive features: the top of the ladder section is narrower than its bottom.

Since the top of the ladder section is narrower than the bottom, a reduction in its size is achieved, which increases the efficiency and versatility of the ladder section in hard-to-reach places in comparison with the prototype [2].

Additional distinctive features of the utility model aimed at enhancing the effects mentioned above:

a). recommended material and rational parameters of the elements of the stair section:

- the top of the stair section (N1 - N5) is narrower than its bottom by 1.05…1.15 times;

- with a bowstring length of 1750…1800 mm, the width of the top of the ladder section is 390…440 mm, and the width of its bottom is 500…580 mm;

- the steps (2) are fixed at an angle (α) to the bowstrings (1) in the range of 75°±3°, assuming that the ladder section, being placed on the base (13), making up 90° with the wall (14), would be leaning against it at an angle of 75 °;

b). preferred rational implementation and location of the brackets on each bowstring, providing, in contrast to the prototype [2], on the basis of more than two ladder sections, the formation of an attached compound ladder of increased height:

- the cavity (7) formed by the coverage of the bracket (3) of the bowstring (1) is made through;

- the cavity (7) formed by the coverage of the bracket (3) of the bowstring (1) is made closed on one side by the element of the bracket (3);

- relative to the ladder section (N1 - N5) in each bowstring (1), one of its brackets (3) is turned inward, and the other is turned outward with the location between the extreme step (2) and the end of the bowstring (1), respectively, with more and less the wide side of the section;

- relative to the stair section (N1 - N5), and from its wider side, in each bowstring (1) both brackets (3) are turned inward with the location between the extreme step (2) and the end of the bowstring (1);

- relative to the stair section (N1 - N5), and from its narrower side, in each bowstring (1) both of its brackets (3) are turned outward with the location between the extreme step (2) and the end of the bowstring (1).

The use of such additional distinguishing features, both individually and in any combination of them, will simplify the manufacture of an attached compound ladder and increase the versatility of its application due to the fact that the said sections will be either completely or maximally unified with each other, in contrast to the use in prototype [2] few unified stair sections.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by illustrations (Fig. 1-20), which shows:

- in Fig. 1 shows a general view of the ladder section;

- in Fig. 2 is a section d-d according to FIG. one;

- in Fig. 3 - scheme of its location obliquely to the wall;

- in Fig. 4 shows a photo of an example of the stair section according to FIG. one;

- in Fig. 5 - local view A in Fig. 4;

- in Fig. 6 shows part of the photo of FIG. 4 ladder sections with the addition of its eyes;

- in Fig. 7 shows part of the photo of FIG. 4 ladder sections with the addition of a safety chain connected to the lugs;

- in Fig. 8 shows a photo of another case of making a ladder section with two pairs of brackets from its bottom, turned outward from it;

- in Fig. 9 shows a photo of another case of a ladder section with two pairs of brackets from its top, turned inside it;

- in Fig. 10 shows the ladder sections of FIG. 4, 6, 7;

- in Fig. 11 - unfolded from the package according to FIG. 8 ladder sections for the formation of an attached compound ladder;

- in Fig. 12 is an example of a formed two-link compound ladder from the unfolded package according to FIG. ten;

- in Fig.13 - section i-i in Fig. 12;

- in Fig. 14 - an example of the formed two-link compound ladder from the unfolded package according to FIG. ten;

- in Fig. 15 shows a package of two ladder sections removed from the upper trunk of a car according to FIG. 4;

- in Fig. 16 is another example of a two-link compound ladder formed from the unfolded package of FIG. fifteen;

- in Fig. 17 is another example of a formed three-link compound ladder based on the ladder sections of FIG. 4;

- in Fig. 18 - a fragment of an attached compound ladder, in which its adjacent ladder sections are fastened through the brackets of the upper ladder section;

- in Fig. 19 - a fragment of an attached compound ladder, in which its adjacent ladder sections are fastened through the brackets of the lower ladder section;

- in Fig. 20 shows a fragment of the beginning of the ascent to the stair section according to FIG. 4 or on top of it when it is at the bottom, for example in the compound ladder of FIG. 12, 14, 16, 17.

Ladder section N1 - N5 contains (Fig. 1, 4, 6-9) two strings 1 parallel to each other, fastened through steps 2 so that the top of the stair section N1 is 1.05 ... 1.15 times narrower than its bottom.

With the recommended bowstring length of 1750…1800 mm, it is advisable to choose the width of the top of the ladder section N1-N5 in the range of 390…440 mm, and the width of its bottom in the range of 500…580 mm.

Each bowstring 1 is covered by two brackets 3, for example, metal.

If the bowstrings 1 are made of a rectangular assortment, then the brackets 3 can be made U-shaped (Fig. 2) with their ends fixed on the bowstrings 1, for example, with the help of screws 4, washers 5 and nuts 6 with a nylon insert (not shown) , and with the formation of cavities 7.

If the bowstrings 1 are made of pipes (not shown), then the brackets 3 can also be made U-shaped, but with a rounded shelf between the two free ends of the brackets 3 along the diameter of the bowstring 1 pipe and with a similar fastening.

In this case, the cavity 7, formed by the coverage of the bracket 3 of the bowstring 1, can be made through (Fig. 2) or closed (not shown) on one side by the element of the bracket (3).

The location of the brackets 3 may be different.

For example, they can be located at the bottom and at the top (Fig. 1, 3-7), and turned, respectively, inside the ladder section N1 - N3 and outward from it, with the location between the extreme step 2 and the end of the bowstring 1, respectively, with more and less wide side of the section.

Another case of the location of the brackets 3 (Fig. 8) is that relative to the ladder section N4, and on its wider side, in each bowstring 1, both brackets 3 are turned inward with the location between the extreme step 2 and the end of the bowstring 1.

Another case of the location of the brackets 3 (Fig. 9) is that relative to the ladder section N5, and on its narrower side, in each bowstring (1) both of its brackets (3) are turned outward with the location between the extreme step (2) and bowstring end (1).

Bowstrings 1 and steps 2 can be made of any durable material. For carrying out installation and repair and maintenance work at facilities with electrical installations - from an electrically insulating material, for example, from fiberglass. Then the bowstrings 1 will be fastened with steps 2 by means of chopsticks 8 (Fig. 1), for example, made of fiberglass.

At the ends of the bowstrings 1, thrust bearings 9 can be installed (Fig. 1, 4), for example, rubber ones, which are pressed into the ends of the bowstrings 1 with fixation by the same chopsticks 8.

Some steps 2 are also located (Fig. 1, 4) on supporting brackets 10, fixed with their free ends with rivets 11 on bowstrings 1 and steps 2.

Steps 2 are equipped with pads 12 (Fig. 1, 4, 5), for example rubber.

To increase the safety of work on the ladder section of its stage 2, it is advisable to fix it at an angle α (Fig. 3) to the bowstrings 1 in the range of 70 ° ... 65 °, so that the ladder section N1, being placed on the support base 13, is 90 ° with the wall 14, would be leaning against it at an angle of 75°. In addition, it is also expedient to provide the pads 12 (FIG. 5) with anti-slip elements 15 of FIG. 5), for example, corrugated strips.

Also, to improve the safety of the bowstring 1 can be equipped (Fig. 6, 7) with lugs 16, receiving upgraded ladder sections N2 and N3, in the last of which (Fig. 7), its lugs 16 are connected to the chain 17.

A certain number of ladder sections can be assembled compactly into packages.

For example, the ladder section N1 (Fig. 4) together with the upgraded sections N2 (Fig. 6) and N3 (Fig. 7) can be compactly assembled into a package P1 (Fig. 10) for storage and transportation, using, for example , belt clips 18 and can be removed from it and laid out side by side on the support base 13 (Fig. 11) for the subsequent formation of either a two-link (Fig. 12) or a three-link (Fig. 14) compound ladder.

At the same time, in both cases, the bowstrings (1) of the upper stair section (N2 or N3 in Fig. 14, or N3 in Fig. 12; located with coverage in the cavities 7 (Fig. 13) of the brackets 3 of the lower stair section (N1 or N3 according to Fig. 14, or N2 according to Fig. 12, the bowstrings of which are located with coverage in the cavities 7 (Fig. 13) of the brackets 3 of the upstream ladder section (N2 or N3 in Fig. 14, or N3 in Fig. 12; with emphasis on their upper ends 4 to the lowest step 2 of the upper ladder section (N2 or N3 in Fig. 14, or N3 in Fig. 12).

It may also be the case of forming from the same two or more ladder sections N1 (Fig. 4) a package P2 (Fig. 15), using, for example, belt clips 18, which can be transported by car 19 on its upper trunk 20, for subsequent formation two-link (Fig. 16) or three-link (Fig. 17) attached compound ladder, steps 2 of which, as well as steps 2 described earlier, two-link (Fig. 12) or three-link (Fig. 14) attached compound ladder, you can conveniently and climb safely (Fig. 16) due to both the presence of anti-slip elements 15 in the linings 12 of the steps 2, and due to the rationally selected angle α (Fig. 3) of the location of the steps 2 to the bowstrings 1.

At the same time, belt clips 18 (Fig. 10, 15), with the help of which packages are formed, respectively, P1 and P2, can also be used for additional insurance, by tightening them (Fig. 16, 17) of the lowest step 2 of the upstream section N1 and the uppermost stage 2 of the lower section N1.

There are also other cases of forming an attached compound ladder (Fig. 18, 19) on the basis of other cases of execution of its ladder sections N4 (Fig. 8), N5 (Fig. 9).

A ladder section is used and added compound ladders are formed from several such products as follows.

In any case, the execution of the ladder section N1 (Fig. 4), or N2 (Fig. 6), or N3 (Fig. 7), or N4 (Fig. 8), or N5 (Fig. 9), for access to serviced objects of small height, it is installed on the support base 13 (Fig. 3), leaning against the wall 14, and climbing is carried out along its steps 2 (Fig. 16).

To access serviced objects of great height, for example, from packages P1 (Fig. 10) or P2 (Fig. 15), the required number of stair sections, respectively, N1 ... N3 (Fig. 14), or N3 (Fig. 12) with coverage in the cavities 7 (Fig. 13) brackets 3 of the underlying ladder section N1 or N3 (Fig. 14), or N2 (Fig. 12). And the bowstrings 1 are placed with coverage in the cavities 7 (Fig. 13) of the brackets 3 of the upstream ladder section N2 or N3 (Fig. 14), or N3 (Fig. 12) with their upper ends 4 resting against the lowest step 2 of the upstream ladder section N2 or N3 (FIG. 14) or N3 (FIG. 12).

Thus, an attached compound ladder is formed. Similarly (Fig. 18, 19) and with the use of ladder sections N4 (Fig. 8) and N3 (Fig. 9).

If necessary, for additional insurance, for example, in the attached compound ladder according to Fig. 16, 17, the lowermost stage 2 of the higher section N1 and the uppermost stage 2 of the lower section N1 are pulled together by belt clamps 18.

In any case, the execution of the attached compound ladder (Fig. 12, 14, 16-19), to access the serviced objects, it is installed on the support base 13, leaning against the wall 14, and climbing is carried out along its steps 2 (Fig. 20).

Further, climbing the steps of 2 assembled stairs to the desired height, the necessary work is carried out at the serviced object. In this case, under the weight of the installer, the upper ends of the bowstrings 1 of the above-mentioned lower stair sections will be securely pressed against the upper step 2 of the other stair sections located above them. This will ensure a rigid fixation at the junctions of these sections and, if necessary, strengthen it with the help of belt clips 18 (Fig. 16, 17).

After completing the installation work, the lean-to compound ladder is disassembled in the reverse order of its assembly process described above.

This implementation of the attached compound ladder increases safety during the work of installers, especially at facilities containing electrical installations, and with the use of either completely unified ladder sections N1 (Fig. 16, 17), N4 (Fig. 18), N5 (Fig. 19), or using the most unified ladder sections N2, N3 (Fig. 12), or N1 - N3 (Fig. 14), or in an assembled different combination N1 - N5 (not shown).

This will simplify both the production and the formation of ladders of various heights, which will increase the efficiency and versatility of their use, including in hard-to-reach places.

Information sources:

1. Patent BY 12040 U, IPC E06C 1/24; H02G 1/02, national priority 08/16/2018, published 06/30/2019.

2. Patent BY 12375 U, IPC E06C 1/24; H02G 1/02, national priority 03/06/2020, published 08/30/2020 /prototype/.

Claims (10)

1. Stair section (N1 - N5), containing two bowstrings (1) fastened through steps (2), each of which is covered by two brackets (3), forming cavities (7) with it, characterized in that the top of the stair section is already her bottom. 2. Section according to claim 1, characterized in that its bowstrings (1) and steps (2) are made of electrically insulating material. 3. Section according to claim 1, characterized in that its top is narrower than its bottom by 1.05-1.15 times. 4. Section according to claim 3, characterized in that with a length of bowstrings (1) of 1750-1800 mm, the width of its top is 390-440 mm, and the width of its bottom is 500-580 mm. 5. Section according to claim 1, characterized in that the steps (2) are fixed at an angle (α) to the bowstrings (1) in the range of 75°±3°, assuming that the ladder section, being placed on the base (13), components with a wall (14) of 90°, would be leaning against it at an angle of 75°. 6. The section according to claim 1, characterized in that the cavity (7) formed by the bracket (3) of the string (1) is made through. 7. Section according to claim. 1, characterized in that the cavity (7), formed by the coverage of the bracket (3) of the bowstring (1), is made closed on one side by the element of the bracket (3). 8. Section (N1, N2, N3) according to claim 1, characterized in that, relative to it, in each bowstring (1), one of its brackets (3) is turned inward, and the other is turned outward with an arrangement between the extreme step (2) and the end of the bowstring (1), respectively, from the more and less wide side of the section. 9. Section (N4) according to claim 1, characterized in that relative to it, and from its wider side, in each bowstring (1) both brackets (3) are turned inward with the location between the extreme step (2) and the end of the bowstring ( one). 10. Section (N5) according to claim 1, characterized in that relative to it, and from its narrower side, in each bowstring (1) both of its brackets (3) are turned outward with the location between the extreme step (2) and the end of the bowstring (one).

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