RU2101833C1 - Single-phase pole-changing motor winding - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electrical engineering. SUBSTANCE: split-phase winding with pole-pair ratio P₁:P₂= 1:2 has two coil groups, diametral winding pitch for pole pair P₂; pole pair P₁ is formed by differential connection of coil groups of first and second parts of winding and pole pair P₂, by their cumulative connection. EFFECT: facilitated manufacture and reduced input of active materials. 4 cl, 5 wdgf

Description

 The invention relates to electrical engineering, in particular to a device for windings of single-phase motors with a variable number of poles, and can be used to create asynchronous motors with step-by-step speed control.

Known winding of a single-phase motor with a variable number of poles, made pole-switched with the ratio of the numbers of pairs of poles P ₁ : P ₂ 1: 2 and laid in the grooves of the stator [1]
The disadvantage is that the pole-switched winding of single-phase motors is made two-layer. The manufacture of a two-layer stator winding is a very labor-intensive technological process, difficult to mechanize. Of the total labor costs 30-40 goes to the manufacture of such a winding. In addition, the grooves in which the winding is placed have, due to the installation of interlayer insulation in the groove, a lower copper content, which increases the consumption of materials.

Also known is a winding of a single-phase motor with a variable number of poles, which is closest to the invention and is a prototype. In the grooves of the stator of this motor, two phases of a pole-switched winding with the number of pole pairs P ₁ : P ₂ 1: 2, each of which is single-layered, are laid one above the other, which allows to mechanize the winding laying [2]
Nevertheless, laying two layers of the winding in the groove remains a labor-intensive technological operation, and filling the groove with copper does not improve, which determines the need for a greater consumption of materials.

 The objective of the invention is to create a winding of a single-phase motor with a variable number of poles, which has a simpler manufacturing technology and lower material consumption.

где Z₁ 8qP₁ число пазов статора, τ₂ величина полюсного деления, первыми катушечными группами в каждой из двух частей обмотки образована первая фаза обмотки, а вторыми катушечными группами в каждой из двух частей обмотки вторая фаза обмотки, при этом P₁ полюсность образована встречным включением катушечных групп первой и второй частей обмотки, а полюсность P₂ их согласным включением.This is achieved by the fact that the winding of a single-phase motor with a variable number of poles, made two-phase and having a ratio of pole pairs P ₁ : P ₂ 1: 2, is made single-layer of two parts on each pair P _{1 of the} poles of the first and second, forming respectively two parts of the winding the first and second, each part of the winding on a pair of poles contains two coil groups, the first and second, q coils are included in the coil group and the coil group is made as a single-layer winding with an average step y _cf

where Z ₁ 8qP _{1 is the} number of stator slots, τ ₂ is the pole division, the first phase of the winding is formed by the first coil groups in each of the two parts of the winding, and the second phase of the winding is formed by the second coil groups in each of the two parts of the winding, while P ₁ is formed by the opposite the inclusion of the coil groups of the first and second parts of the winding, and the pole P ₂ their consonant inclusion.

Обмотка однофазного двигателя с изменяемым числом полюсов может быть выполнена из двух ветвей, первая ветвь образована катушечными группами входящими в первую часть обмотки, вторая ветвь катушечными группами, входящими во вторую часть обмотки, при этом обмотка выполнена с тремя основными выводами, первый вывод начало первой части обмотки, третий вывод - конец второй части обмотки, а второй вывод образован концом первой и началом второй части обмотки, внутри каждой ветви выполнен дополнительный отвод между первыми и вторыми катушечными группами, к каждому из этих выводов подсоединен конденсатор одним концом, а другой конец каждого конденсатора соединен с одним из основных выводов обмотки.The winding of a single-phase motor with a variable number of poles can be performed with the number of coils q ₁ in the first coil groups and q ₂ in the second coil groups different, while

The winding of a single-phase motor with a variable number of poles can be made of two branches, the first branch is formed by coil groups included in the first part of the winding, the second branch by coil groups included in the second part of the winding, while the winding is made with three main leads, the first terminal is the beginning of the first part windings, the third terminal is the end of the second part of the winding, and the second terminal is formed by the end of the first and the beginning of the second part of the winding, an additional tap is made inside each branch between the first and second coil g in rumps, a capacitor is connected to each of these terminals at one end, and the other end of each capacitor is connected to one of the main terminals of the winding.

The winding of a single-phase motor with a variable number of poles can be made of four branches, the first branch is formed by the first coil groups of the first part of the winding, the second branch by the second coil groups of the first part of the winding, the third branch by the first coil groups of the second part of the winding, the fourth branch by the second coil groups of the second part of the winding , while all branches are combined into a bridge circuit with capacitors included in the second and fourth branches, the first input of the bridge circuits is formed by the beginnings of the first and second branches , Ends of the third and fourth branches of the second input of the bridge circuit, the end of the first and beginning of the third branches of the first output of the bridge circuit, and the end of the second and the beginning of the fourth branches of the second output of the bridge circuit, wherein the polarity P ₂ obtained by the first and second inputs of the bridge circuit, and the polarity P _{1 is} formed by combining the first and second inputs, as well as combining the first and second outputs.

In FIG. 1 shows a winding diagram; in FIG. 2 winding diagram with a different number of coils in coil groups; in FIG. 3 electric circuit of inclusion of windings with a pole of P ₁ and a pole of P ₂ ; in FIG. 4 winding circuit with main terminals and additional taps with poles P ₁ and P ₂ ; in FIG. 5 bridge circuit of the winding with the poles P ₁ and P ₂ .

The winding of a single-phase motor with a variable number of poles is placed in the grooves of the stator and is made single-layer of four coil groups 1, 2, 3, 4 on a pair of poles P ₁ (Fig. 1, 2).

где τ₂ величина полюсного деления;
P₂ большее число пар полюсов обмотки, P₂ 2•P₁;
Z₁ число пазов статора, Z₁ 8•qP₁.Coil groups 1 and 2 (first and second) form the first part of the winding 5, and coil groups 3 and 4, also the first and second, second part of the stator winding 6. Each coil group (Fig. 1) 1, 2, 3, 4 includes q series-connected coils located in adjacent grooves. Moreover, the coil group is made as single-layer windings with equal pitch y, which is equal to the average pitch y _cf

where τ _{2 is the} magnitude of the pole division;
P ₂ more pairs of winding poles, P ₂ 2 • P ₁ ;
Z _{1 the} number of stator slots, Z ₁ 8 • qP ₁ .

For the case of FIG. 1, Z ₁ 8 • 3 • 1 24, and P ₂ 2 • 1 2 and Y _cf τ ₂ 24 / (2 • 2) 6.

The first coil groups 1 and 3 in each of the two parts of the winding 5 and 6 form the first phase of the winding U ₁ U ₂ , and the second coil groups 2 and 4 in each of the two parts of the winding 5 and 6 form the second phase of the winding V ₁ V ₂ . The polarity of the winding P ₁ 1 is formed by the counter inclusion of the coil groups 1 and 3 in the first phase of the stator winding 1U ₁ 1U ₂ (Fig. 1a) and the coil groups 2 and 4 in the second phase of the stator winding 1V ₁ 1V ₂ . The polarity of the winding P _{2 is} formed by the consonant inclusion of coil groups 1 and 3 in the first phase of the stator winding 2U ₁ 2U ₂ (Fig. 1b) and coil groups 2 and 4 in the second phase of the stator winding 2V ₁ 2V ₂ . The matrixes of the winding circuits clearly demonstrate the formation of a two-phase system of currents and EMF with a P ₁ pole (Fig. 1a) and a P ₂ pole (Fig. 1b).

Число катушек в первых 1, 3 и вторых 2, 4 катушечных группах могут быть выполнены различной величины, соответственно q₁ и q₂, так, что

На фиг. 2а приведена схема обмотки статора, когда катушки катушечных групп 1 и 3 имеют q₁ 4, а катушечных групп 2 и 4 q ₂= 2, при этом

Такое исполнение обмотки также обеспечивает создание двухфазной системы токов и ЭДС с полюсностью P₁ (фиг. 2б) и P₂ (фиг. 2в), как показано на соответствующих матрицах обмоток.Coil groups 1, 2, 3, 4 of the stator winding can be made as single-layer windings with concentric coils of different steps (not shown) y ₁ 4, y ₂ 6, y ₃ 8, and the average step y _cf will be equal to the diametrical step

The number of coils in the first 1, 3 and second 2, 4 coil groups can be made of different sizes, q ₁ and q ₂ , respectively, so that

In FIG. 2a shows the stator winding when the coils of coil groups 1 and 3 have q ₁ 4, and coil groups 2 and 4 q ₂ = 2, while

This embodiment of the winding also provides the creation of a two-phase system of currents and EMF with the polarities P ₁ (Fig. 2b) and P ₂ (Fig. 2c), as shown on the respective winding matrices.

In FIG. Figure 3 shows the connection diagram of the coil groups 1, 2, 3, 4 to a single-phase network, which allows switching contacts 7 and 8 to ensure counter and consonant inclusion, respectively, of the coil groups 1, 3 and 2, 4. Changing the phase rotation of the stator winding of a single-phase an induction motor at any pole can be provided by switching the capacitor 9 to contacts 10 and 11, from one phase U ₁ U ₂ to another V ₁ V ₂ .

 The number of contacts of switching equipment can be significantly reduced (Fig. 4) if the winding of a single-phase motor with a variable number of poles is made of two branches 12 and 13. The first branch 12 is formed by coil groups 1 and 2 included in the first part of the winding 5. The second branch 13 is formed by coil groups 3 and 4 included in the second part of the winding 6. The stator winding is made with three main conclusions: the first 14 is the beginning of the first part of the winding 5, the third 15 is the end of the second part of the winding 6, and the second terminal 16 is formed by the end of the first 5 andthe beginning of the second 6 parts of the winding. Inside each branch 12 and 13, additional bends 17 and 18 are made between the first and second coil groups 1, 2, and 3, 4.

 To each of the taps 17, 18 are connected capacitors 19, 20. The second ends of the capacitors 19, 20 are connected to one of the main terminals 14, 15, 16 of the winding.

Work on the pole P ₁ or P _{2 is} provided by contacts 7 and 8, and the change in phase rotation by contacts 10 and 11.

 The circuit for connecting the stator winding (Fig. 5) to a single-phase network with a different voltage ratio to the phase 1, 2, 3, 4 coil group when switching pole pairs can be ensured when the stator winding is made of four branches: the first branch 21 is formed by the first coil groups 1 of the first part of the winding 5, the second branch 22 of the second coil groups 2 of the first part of the winding 5, the third branch 23 of the first coil groups 3 of the second part of the winding 6, the fourth branch 24 of the second coil groups 4 of the second part of the winding 6. All branches 1, 2, 3, 4 volume are connected to the bridge circuit with the inclusion of capacitors 25, 26 in the second and fourth branches. The first input 27 of the bridge circuit is formed by the first 21 and second 22 branches, the ends of the third 23 and fourth 24 branches of the second 28 bridge input, the end of the first 21 and the beginning of the third 23 branches the first exit 29 of the bridge circuit, and the end of the second 22 and the beginning of the fourth 24 branches of the second 30 exit bridge circuit.

The pole P _{2 is} formed by the first 27 and second 28 inputs of the bridge circuit, and the pole P _{1 is the} union of the first 27 and second 28 inputs of the bridge circuit, as well as the combination of the first 29 and second 30 outputs of the bridge circuit, carried out by contacts 7 and 8 of the switching equipment.

 The proposed winding of a single-phase motor with a variable number of poles, having approximately the same properties as the known ones, can significantly simplify the stator winding of single-phase motors, increase labor productivity when producing two-speed motors, and mechanize winding work. At the same time, one layer of the winding lies in the groove, which increases the fill factor of the groove with copper, reducing the consumption of materials for manufacturing.

 The change in the rotation speed is carried out by reversing the current in half of the coil groups, which is achieved by switching the coil groups from consonant to the counter inclusion and vice versa.

 Thus, due to the execution of a single-phase motor winding with a variable number of single-pole poles, it is possible to simplify the manufacturing technology of the winding and reduce the consumption of active materials.

Claims (4)

1. The winding of a single-phase motor with a variable number of poles, made two-phase and having a ratio of pairs of poles P ₁ P ₂ 1 2, characterized in that it is made of a single layer of two parts on each pair of P ₁ poles of the first and second, forming respectively the first two parts of the winding and the second, each part of the winding on a pair of poles contains two coil groups of the first and second, q coils are included in the coil group and the coil group is made as a single-layer winding with an average pitch

where Z ₁ 8 qP _{1 the} number of grooves of the stator;
τ ₂ - the magnitude of the pole division,
the first phase of the winding is formed by the first coil groups in each of the two parts of the winding, and the second phase of the winding is formed by the second coil groups in each of the two parts of the coil, with P _{1 the} pole formed by the counter inclusion of the coil groups of the first and second parts of the winding, and the pole P _{2 by} their consonant inclusion. 2. The winding according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made with the number of coils q ₁ in the first coil groups and q ₂ in the second coil groups different,
q (q ₁ + q ₂ ) 2.  3. The winding according to paragraphs. 1 and 2, characterized in that it is made of two branches, the first branch is formed by coil groups included in the first part of the winding, the second branch by coil groups included in the second part of the winding, while the winding is made with three main conclusions, the first conclusion is the beginning the first part of the winding, the third output is the end of the second part of the winding, and the second output is formed by the end of the first and the beginning of the second part of the winding, inside each branch an additional tap is made between the first and second coil groups, to each of these conclusions a capacitor is single at one end, and the other end of each capacitor is connected to one of the main terminals of the winding. 4. The winding according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it is made of four branches, the first branch is formed by the first coil groups of the first part of the winding, the second branch by the second coil groups of the first part of the winding, the third branch by the first coil groups of the second part of the winding, fourth branch the second coil groups of the second part of the winding, while all branches are combined into a bridge circuit with capacitors included in the second and fourth branches, the first input of the bridge circuit is formed by the beginnings of the first and second branches, the ends of the third and even ertoy branches formed a second input of the bridge circuit, the end of the first and beginning of the third branch is formed by a first output of the bridge circuit, and the end of the second and the beginning of the fourth branch is formed by the second output of the bridge circuit, wherein the polarity P ₂ received first and second inputs of the bridge circuit, and the polarity P ₁ formed by combining the first and second inputs, as well as combining the first and second outputs.

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