RU2101553C1 - Universal wind-dynamic power drive - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power generation by wind- electric power plants. SUBSTANCE: windwheel using Savonius S-rotor scheme has two concentrically arranged lattice cylinders 1,2 one placed inside other with lattice blades 3 of semi-cylindrical shape placed inbetween. At least three blades 3 are installed. Speed governor has tubular-section stringer rods 12 radially mounted between cylinders 1,2 and accommodating pistons 14 loosely installed in floating state. EFFECT: simplified design and improved reliability of drive due to positioning standard parts within single spatial structure. 7 cl, 4 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of wind engineering.

Known is a wind-driven energy power drive containing a rotor-type wind wheel according to the Savonius rotor scheme, a start and brake unit, an automatic speed and power controller, a reduction unit, inventory safety and auxiliary devices [1]
However, in the known drive there are a number of disadvantages, for example, the relative bulkiness and material consumption, low utilization of the wind flow.

где i передаточное отношение;
ω₁ угловая скорость вращения верхней кромки по линии зацепления ветровой направляющей, об/с;
ω₂ угловая скорость вращения по линии зацепления приводного барабана рабочей машины, об/с;
D₁ диаметр венцовой направляющей, м;
D₂ диаметр приводного барабана рабочей машины, м;
причем ветроколесо может быть установлено на вертикальном или горизонтальном валу вращения.The objective of the invention is to create a simple and reliable operation of the drive, reducing the cost of its manufacture and operation and increasing its energy production by reducing the moment of "starting" to wind speeds
V _at ≤1.5 m / s
The task is achieved in that the universal wind-driven energy power drive contains a rotor-type wind wheel according to the Savonius rotor scheme, a start and brake unit, an automatic speed and power controller, a reduction unit, invert safety and auxiliary devices, which is equipped with an inertial rotation-type accumulator of mechanical type, and the wind wheel is made of two lattice cylinders concentrically arranged inside one another, the blades located between them, and the sieves chat cylinders are formed by annular ribs-frames, longitudinal and radial binders, while both cylinders and blades are connected with the shaft of rotation by radial rods, stringers, for example, tubular section, the blades are half-cylindrical in shape and made in the form of a lattice frame formed from half-frames and stringers, for example, a tubular section made of an aluminum alloy and a sail web fixed to the frame, soft or hard, for example, from canvas fabric, polyethylene terephthalate film and, aerostatic matter, aluminum alloy sheet or composite materials, the number of blades is not less than three and they are symmetrically and evenly distributed, and the automatic speed controller contains installed between the cylinders radially arranged tubing-stringers and pistons located inside them free-floating state, while the pistons are formed from pipes with sealed ends and weighted with ballast, such as lead scrap, or made solid , for example, from cast iron, and the cylinder-piston pairs formed are a centrifugal regulator with a variable axial moment of inertia, determined from the following mathematical dependence
K _z = I _z • ω = const,
where K _{z is the} kinetic moment of the axis of rotation;
I _z moment of inertia about the axis;
ω angular velocity
moreover, a centrifugal controller with a variable axial moment of inertia is also an inertial accumulator, the inertial system of which consists of constant mass SM (const) and variable mass ΣM (var)
where ΣM (const) = M ₁ + M ₂ + M ₃ + M ₄ + M ₅
M ₁ brake drum mass;
M _{2 is the} mass of the inner forming cylinder;
M _{3 is the} mass of the blades;
M _{4 is the} mass of the outer forming cylinder;
M _{5 is the} mass of the axial rods (transverse stringers),
ΣM (var) = (M $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{n}}{\text{1}}$ + M $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{n}}{\text{2}}$ + M $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{n}}{}$$\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{}{\text{3}}$ + M $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{n}}{\text{n}}$ ) • ω
where (M $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{n}}{\text{1}}$ + ... M $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{n}}{\text{n}}$ ) variable mass of pistons;
ω angular velocity
wherein the reduction unit contains a crown guide located on the forming ring frame of the outer cylinder of the wind wheel and made in the form of an annular unequal steel corner formed by segments with plates fixed to them and friction material, such as retinax, ferrado, and drive drums of working machines, for example , groups of generators, also equipped with plates made of friction materials that are directly engaged with friction plates, segments with the formation We have a friction reducer of the multiplier with one reduction stage and a gear ratio determined from the formula:

where i is the gear ratio;
ω _{1 the} angular velocity of rotation of the upper edge along the line of engagement of the wind guide, r / s;
ω _{2 the} angular velocity of rotation along the line of engagement of the drive drum of the working machine, rev / s;
D ₁ diameter of the crown guide, m;
D _{2 the} diameter of the drive drum of the working machine, m;
moreover, the wind wheel can be mounted on a vertical or horizontal shaft of rotation.

 In FIG. 1 shows a universal wind-dynamic power drive; in FIG. 2 node I in FIG. 1; in FIG. 3 is a view along the arrow in A in FIG. 1; in FIG. 4 shoulder blade.

 The wind wheel is a rotor formed by two lattice cylinders 1, 2, located one inside the other, between which rotor blades 3 are located. In the center of the inner generatrix of the cylinder there is a rotation shaft 4 along its axis, the outer shell of which is rigidly connected with the inner stringer 5 to the inner and external trellis cylinders 1,2. The working blades 3 are also a lattice structure formed by half-frames 6 and stringers 7 of light metal alloys of a tubular or other profile, and can also be made of non-traditional materials, for example, from bamboo, and the sail is tensioned and fixed, for example, by means of an adhesive joint sheet, for example, from an aluminum alloy AD-200 or sailing aerostat material, polyethylene terephthalate film, etc.

 Thus, the canvas of the sail can be of rigid or soft construction, the number of blades to exclude the stagnant dead zone at the time of launch should be at least three with their symmetrical location in space relative to the axis of rotation.

 The start and stop of the wind wheel is carried out using nodes and braking, consisting of a brake drum 8 located on the rotation shaft and secured, for example, by means of a spline connection, brake systems, for example, pneumatic cylinders 9, the rods of which are pivotally connected to brake shoes 10 and pads 11, for example, of cord rubber, transport tape, ferrado plates, and the like. compressor, air receiver, pneumatic system control circuits, pneumatic distribution manifold with shut-off and control valves of instrumentation, air distributor and safety devices and protection devices.

 The rotation speed and power limits of the wind wheel are controlled by a centrifugal controller with a variable axial moment of inertia, which is also an inertial battery. The controller is a system of several pairs (possibly several tens of pairs of cylinder-piston), and in the cavities of the cylinders 12 contains air, possibly with the calculated parameters. The cylinders 12 are tubular axial, forming as a continuation of the transverse stringers; in part of their length they represent a cavity bounded by plugs. One of the plugs 13 is removable (for example, on a thread or an adhesive detachable connection), and the other, for example, on welding, i.e., one-piece. Free-floating pistons 14 are inserted inside the cylinders on one side, which are, for example, pipe segments with a diameter of 1 2 mm less than the diameter of the cavity of the cylinder 12. In the piston cavity during welding, ballast is placed, for example, from lead scrap. The piston 14 is also, on the one hand, closed by a removable plug and, on the other hand, blank plugs. Air is pumped into the cavity of the cylinders so that it serves as a spring when compressed.

 When the speed of rotation of the wind wheel increases under the action of centripetal forces, the pistons 14 will simultaneously move from the axis to the periphery, compressing the air (gas).

где i передаточное отношение;
ω₁, ω₂ угловая скорость вращения верхней кромки концевой направляющей, угловая скорость вращения верхней кромки приводного барабана рабочей машины;
D₁ диаметр венцовой направляющей;
D₂ диаметр приводного барабана рабочей машины.As a multiplier, a friction transmission with one reduction step is proposed, which is a crown guide located on the forming ring frame 15 of the outer wheel of the wind wheel, consisting of several segments, on the lower edge of the guide segments fixed plates of friction material, for example, such as "ferrado", cermets retinax. Below, on a fixed structure 16, a working machine (a group of machines) is installed, for example, a generator 17, on the shaft of which drive drums 18 are located, which engage with the crown guide. The adjustment of the engagement can be carried out, for example, by means of a pressure roller 19, a spring 20. The surface of the drive drum may be covered with friction linings. Thus, the reduction mechanism is a multiplier with a single reduction stage, a friction reducer with a gear ratio determined by the following formula:

where i is the gear ratio;
ω ₁ , ω _{2 the} angular velocity of rotation of the upper edge of the end guide, the angular velocity of rotation of the upper edge of the drive drum of the working machine;
D ₁ diameter of the guide rail;
D _{2 the} diameter of the drive drum of the working machine.

 This embodiment of the drive makes it possible to simplify its manufacture, also to simplify the reduction of speed, since the drive of the working machine is directly located in sliding engagement with the upper generatrix, allows you to do without a wind-up mechanism and increases its scope with winds whose speed is less than 3 m / s.

Claims (7)

 1. A universal wind-driven energy power drive containing a rotor-type wind wheel according to the Savonius rotor scheme, start-up and braking unit, automatic speed and power controller, reduction unit, inventory safety and auxiliary devices, characterized in that it is equipped with an inertial rotation-type accumulator of mechanical type, and the wind wheel is made of two lattice cylinders concentrically located inside one another and the blades located between them, and the lattice cylinders are about razovany-frames annular ribs, longitudinal and radial binders, both the cylinder and the blades are connected to the shaft rotation radial stringers-rods, for example, the tubular section.  2. The drive according to claim 1, characterized in that the blades have a semi-cylindrical shape and are made in the form of a lattice frame formed of half-frames and stringers, for example, a tubular section made of an aluminum alloy, and mounted on the frame of the canvas canvas soft or hard execution, for example, from canvas fabric, polyethylene terephthalate film, balloon material, aluminum alloy sheet or composite materials.  3. The drive according to paragraphs. 1 and 2, characterized in that the number of blades is not less than three and they are located symmetrically and evenly. 4. The drive according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the automatic speed controller contains installed between the cylinders radially arranged tubing stringers and placed inside them pistons in a free-floating state, while the pistons are formed from tubes with sealed ends and weighted with ballast, such as lead scrap, or made solid, for example of cast iron, and the cylinder-piston pairs formed are a centrifugal regulator with a variable axial moment m inertia determined from the following mathematical relationship:
K _Z = I _Z • ω = const,
where K _{Z is the} kinetic moment of the axis of rotation Z;
J _Z moment of inertia about the Z axis;
ω is the angular velocity. 5. The drive according to claims 1, 3, 4, characterized in that the centrifugal controller with a variable axial moment of inertia is also an inertial battery, the inertial system of which consists of constant mass ΣM (const) and variable mass
ΣM (var),
where ΣM (const) = M ₁ + M ₂ + M ₃ + M ₄ + M ₅ ;
M ₁ mass of the brake drum;
M _{2 is the} mass of the inner forming cylinder;
M _{3 the} mass of the blades;
M _{4 is the} mass of the outer forming cylinder;
M ₅ mass of axial rods (transverse stringers),
Where
(M $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{n}}{\text{1}}$ + ... M $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{n}}{\text{n}}$ ) is the variable mass of the pistons;
ω is the angular velocity. 6. The drive according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the reduction unit comprises a crown guide located on the forming ring frame of the outer wheel of the wind wheel and made in the form of an annular unequal steel corner formed by segments with plates of friction material fixed to them, for example, retinax , "Ferrado" and drive drums of working machines, for example groups of generators, also equipped with plates made of friction materials, which are directly engaged with friction plates stins with the formation of a friction reducer - a multiplier with one step of reduction and a gear ratio determined from the formula

where i is the gear ratio;
ω ₁ - the angular frequency of rotation of the upper edge along the engagement line of the crown guide, s ^-1 ;
ω ₂ - the angular frequency of rotation along the line of engagement of the drive drum of the working machine, s ^-1 ;
D ₁ diameter of the crown guide, m;
D _{2 the} diameter of the drive drum of the working machine, m  7. The drive according to claim 1, characterized in that the wind wheel is mounted on a vertical or horizontal shaft of rotation.

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