RU2100944C1 - Method for reprocessing return wastes of tobacco industry - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: recovery of wastes produced at the stage of obtaining semi-finished product. SUBSTANCE: method involves collecting tobacco wastes in container; sorting by fractions; separating undamaged cigarette strand; holding undamaged strand at relative air humidity of 65-80% and temperature of 15-25 C for period not in excess of 12 days; dividing cigarette strand into lengths corresponding to length of tobacco article; laying into packs. EFFECT: increased efficiency in recovering tobacco wastes, simplified method and satisfactory quality of product. 1 dwg , 1 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to the tobacco industry, namely to the disposal of waste arising at the stage of obtaining a semi-finished cigarette rod, and can be used to obtain usable tobacco products from these returnable waste.

 The problem of tobacco waste utilization has been and remains relevant for the domestic tobacco industry for many years (see I.G. Mokhnachev, V. S. Pashkov, E. N. Shapovalov. Technology of factory processing of tobacco. M. Kolos, 1994, p. .237, 238).

The collection and processing of defective products, as well as cigarette rod and the use of tobacco fines in the production requires special organization of the technological process and certain equipment. In tobacco factories, waste is sorted into fractions: cigarette extruder, defective cigarettes, tobacco and impurities. Cigarette extruder and defective cigarettes go to the marriage, where there is a separation of tobacco from paper. Then the tobacco is divided into fractions of fine tobacco and dust. Fine tobacco is poured into the cigarette machine feeders, and tobacco dust is used for various other purposes [1]
The specified method of processing returnable waste of tobacco raw materials is inefficient, because there is a loss of labor spent on the manufacture of a cigarette rod and material (tobacco, paper), in addition, the work of marriage is associated with the creation of tobacco dust distributed in the air.

 The aim of the invention is to provide a method and device for processing returnable waste from tobacco production, which makes it possible to obtain usable tobacco products from these waste products, more economically and environmentally friendly than processing them in a scrap mill.

This goal is achieved by the fact that the return waste is collected in containers. Then stored at a relative humidity of 65-80% and 15-25 ^o C for not more than 12 days. Such parameters are necessary to preserve tobacco moisture in the waste within 12-14%, which is envisaged by the technology for the production of tobacco products. Next, a cigarette rod without defects and with a normal packing density is isolated from the waste. The cigarette rod is cut into pieces of a given length, then they are counted and packaged in packs.

 There are devices for cutting the rod, as well as packaging devices (see the book by V.F. Trubnikov, V.S. Pashkov Equipment for the tobacco industry. M. Light and food industry, 1982, article 183, article 195). This is the cutlery of cigarette machines and cigarette packaging machines. Fundamentally, the cutlery devices of modern cigarette machines do not differ from each other. All of them have a drum with one or two knives. The drum is mounted on a shaft, which is driven in rotation from the main shaft of the machine. Two tubes with a gap between them for the passage of the knife, which also has a drive from the main shaft of the machine, serve as a counter-blade. The machine for packing cigarettes consists of a cigarette receiver, in the lower part there is a shaft with channels for cigarettes and conveyors.

 The machine is driven by an individual electric motor through a mechanical gear system.

 However, they are not suitable for the processing of returnable waste, as they are difficult to manufacture separately from machines, expensive and designed for large-scale production of cigarettes.

 The aim of the invention is to create a structurally uncomplicated and easily operated device that allows you to perform work on it in a small production and home.

 A device is proposed for processing returnable tobacco waste into usable tobacco products. The device has a rod cutting unit and a packaging unit. The cutting unit of the rod contains an electric drive, on the shaft of which a holder with knives is mounted. The distance between the side walls of the casing of the rod cutting unit in the lower part is equal in length to the length of the tobacco product. A conveyor is installed under the cutting cutting unit, where the cut tobacco products fall. The packaging unit has a receiver of tobacco products, a shaft with channels equal in number of products in one row, and also a chamber for forming tobacco products with a ramrod, the height of which is equal to two rows of stacked products in height. The packaging unit is equipped with a shaking device, which receives impulses from the cam mechanism, driven by an electric motor, and transmits them to the shaft. The cutting unit and the packaging unit are interconnected by a conveyor system.

 Example. 580 boxes of cigarette rod weighing 4182 kg were taken from the factory and 187920 packs of tobacco products were produced. Boxes with a rod were put into storage for different periods in rooms with different parameters of relative humidity and temperature. The initial tobacco moisture in the cigarette rod was 13.5%. After storage, the tobacco moisture in the rod was measured. The data are given in the table.

The table shows that the shelf life of the rod should not exceed 12 days. Storage should be carried out under the following conditions: air humidity during storage 65–80% at a temperature of 15–25 ^° C. At the same time, the technologically necessary humidity of tobacco in a rod 12–14% is ensured. After storage, the rods are sorted. Pieces having a normal packing density and undamaged paper are selected from it. After that, the selected extruder is sent to the processing device.

 The drawing schematically shows a device for processing return waste from tobacco production.

 The device has a cutting unit for the rod 1 and a packaging unit 2 connected by a system of conveyors 3. The cutting unit for the rod 1 has an electric motor with a reducer 4, on which a holder with knives is mounted 5. The assembly is enclosed in a casing. The casing has an opening for supplying the rod 6. The distance between the two side walls of the casing 7 and 8 is equal to the specified length of the product according to the technical conditions. The node 1 is located on the table 9. One of the conveyors 10 of the conveyor system 3 is installed under the cutting unit of the rod 1. The packaging node 2 has a receiver, a tobacco storage device 11, under which there is a shaft with channels 12. The number of channels is ten, because so many items fit in packs in one row. Ten channels are formed by nine partitions. Under the shaft 12 there is a product forming chamber 13, the height of which is equal to two products stacked on top of one another. The product forming chamber 13 has an exhaust device 14, the height of which is also equal to two tobacco products stacked on top of one another. The chamber 13 is paired with a ramrod for pushing products 15. The ramrod 15 has ten fingers that are paired with the walls of the shaft and have a height equal to two rows of products.

 The shaking device 16 is rigidly connected to the shaft 12. This device has an electric motor, which drives a cam mechanism through the transmission system, which allows the hard shaft to transmit periodic blows to the shaft 12.

 The packaging unit is located on the table 17. The conveyor 18 of the conveyor system 3 with its upper end is located above the receiver of tobacco products 11 of the packaging unit 2.

 The pack of tobacco products 19 is worn on the exhaust device 14, the shape of which has a slight expansion towards the chamber forming the product, which allows the pack to be worn tightly and well held.

 A device for the processing of returnable waste from tobacco production works as follows.

 The sorted rod enters through the inlet 6 in the casing to the cutting unit of rod 1. The rod is brought to a stop with the wall 7 and the product of a given length is cut off with one of the two knives 5. In this case, the speed of the electric motor was selected at 24 rpm, which corresponds to cutting 48 products in 1 min. This speed is due to the physiological capabilities of servicing the device workers.

 Sliced products fall on the conveyor system 3, with the help of which they are thrown into the product receiver 11 of the packaging unit 2.

 Conveyors 10 and 18 of the conveyor system 3 have guides for orienting the location of the products across the conveyor belt. From the receiver of products 11, they are constantly shaken, provided by the shaking mechanism 16, descend into the shaft 12. Here they are guided by ten channels with nine partitions dividing the shaft 12 into ten identical chambers, and descend into the formation chamber 13. The formation chamber 13 serves to the formation of the kit, it contains ten products in two rows. A set of products is pushed with a ramrod 15 through an exhaust device 14 into a pack 19.

 The use of the method and device allows the disposal of tobacco waste, making them products of the same purpose, satisfactory in quality and cheaper in price.

 The method and device for processing returnable waste from tobacco production has been tested and will be implemented at the small implementation enterprise "Plekol" in the manufacture of tobacco products "Smoking kit" Stepnoy "."

Claims (1)

A method for processing returnable waste from tobacco production, including sorting waste containing pieces of cigarette extruders, characterized in that cigarette extruders are used from the waste, collected in containers and stored at 15 25 ^° C and a relative humidity of 65–80% for no more than 12 days, then intact segments are selected from the cigarette rods, cut into individual cigarettes, which are stacked and packaged in packs.

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