RU210054U1 - Flooring - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to built-in disinfection floor coverings intended for use as a disinfection barrier in medical institutions, kindergartens, educational institutions, poultry and livestock complexes, and food industry enterprises. EFFECT: simplification of disinfection. The technical result is achieved by using a floor covering containing a polymer section attached to it and located in the functional and structural unity of the reservoir, as well as a cleaning material placed in the reservoir and impregnated with a disinfectant solution. Using the device simplifies the movement of people and vehicles through the disinfection barrier, there is no injury to patients after surgery, who are transported on medical carts.

Description

The utility model relates to built-in disinfection floor coverings intended for use as a disinfection barrier in medical institutions, kindergartens, educational institutions, poultry and livestock complexes, and food industry enterprises.

Disinfection is a set of measures aimed at the destruction of pathogens of infectious diseases and the destruction of toxins on environmental objects to prevent them from getting on the skin, mucous membranes and wound surface. It is one of the types of disinfection.

The main purpose of disinfection measures is to prevent the spread of infectious diseases in order to form and maintain safe living conditions.

Disinfection has the task of interrupting the spread of infection from its source to other objects. The emergence of a variety of disinfectants, the development of instructions and rules have significantly reduced the number of infections and prevented epidemics of diseases.

Distinguish between focal and preventive disinfection. Focal disinfection is divided into current and final sets of disinfection measures.

The formation of the concept and awareness of the essence of disinfection appeared as a result of activities carried out in medieval Europe during outbreaks of the plague. Since the carriers were insects and rats, disinfection also included focal disinsection (destruction of insects) and deratization (destruction of rodents). Subsequently, as science developed, the priority shifted from focal disinfection to preventive disinfection, carried out as a preventive measure in the absence of diseases or a small number of them.

Current disinfection is a focal type of disinfection, carried out subject to the presence of a source of infection in order to destroy pathogens secreted by a carrier or a sick person. The task of the current disinfection is to reduce the level of pollution, contamination of the environment at the source of the spread of infection. Current disinfection includes activities carried out in hospitals, isolation wards, homes with infectious patients. This type is aimed at preventing the spread of pathogens, as well as the toxins they release, outside the focus of the disease.

Final decontamination is most often used when a patient or carrier is hospitalized, recovered, isolated, or died, and when a carrier of a chronic infection (eg, tuberculosis) changes residence. Clothes, linen, household items, as a rule, are contaminated and serve as a source of the spread of the disease. The final disinfection, also related to the focal type, is carried out if the duration of the viability of the pathogen in the environment is more than 2 days.

Final disinfection measures are carried out in the foci of such diseases as tuberculosis (the survival period of the pathogen in body secretions is up to 12 years), scarlet fever (the pathogen remains active in dried blood for several months), scabies, meningococcal infection, hepatitis A, etc. The causative agent of streptococcus is also very resistant to the influence of the external environment, according to researchers, the type of streptococcus mitis, accidentally brought to the lunar surface, remained in it for up to 950 days, withstanding temperature drops of 270 degrees and a complete lack of moisture.

The preventive type of disinfection is intended for the prevention of infection in places where pathogens may appear and accumulate (medical, educational institutions, food industry enterprises, public places, water supply and sewerage treatment facilities, etc.).

Preventive disinfection does not depend on the detection of the presence of pathogens, the epidemiological situation and has a preventive character. Carrying out disinfection as a set of measures for disinfection is possible by the forces and means of institutions, as well as with the involvement of specialized services.

The frequency and timing of this type of disinfection is regulated by regulatory documents. Preventive disinfection can be scheduled and unscheduled (when conditions change or once).

Preventive disinfection is a disinfection that is carried out outside of epidemic foci in places where pathogens of infectious diseases are likely to accumulate.

The main objects of preventive disinfection are:

medical institutions;

medical institutions;

preschool institutions;

educational institutions;

public places and mass gatherings of people, entertainment events (rail stations, steamships, wagons, cinemas, hostels, markets, and so on);

food industry enterprises (dairy, meat, confectionery, bakery), food trade and public catering establishments;

hairdressing salons, baths, showers, swimming pools.

Preventive disinfection is carried out constantly, regardless of the epidemic situation: washing hands, surrounding objects using detergents and cleaners, using disinfectant mats containing antibacterial additives. The latter are used for carrying out disinfection measures at agricultural enterprises, food and processing industries, medical institutions, and at home. They consist of a waterproof base and a material that is impregnated with a disinfectant solution. When the user steps on the mat, the sole of his shoes under the influence of his own body weight due to the punching of the absorbent material is completely immersed in the disinfectant solution. This contributes to the fact that the sole of the shoe is cleaned of visible contaminants, such as dirt, sand, anti-icing reagents, and pathogenic bacteria are also destroyed.

There are four main methods of disinfection.

The mechanical method involves the mechanical removal of particles from surfaces and from the air by airing, cleaning surfaces, washing, ventilation. The mechanical method of disinfection also includes filtration of air, water, removal of contaminated soil. It is not possible to remove all pathogenic organisms mechanically, so it is usually used in conjunction with a physical or chemical disinfection method.

Chemical methods of disinfection consist in the use of disinfectants that have a detrimental effect on pathogens and destroy toxins.

Disinfection solution is used to kill dangerous microorganisms on medical instruments, objects, surfaces and in the environment. The concept of "disinfection solution" is often confused with an antiseptic solution used to treat the skin and cavities of the human body. But the separation of concepts is not always possible, since some antiseptics can be used as a solution for disinfecting instruments and vice versa, separate disinfection solutions are suitable for treating body surfaces.

For disinfection, the most common chemical disinfectants are formaldehyde, sodium hypochlorite, solutions of organic substances with disinfectant properties:

chlorhexidine,

quaternary ammonium compounds,

peracetic acid,

guanidines,

polyguanidines.

Physical methods of disinfection are based on the principles of physical impact. High-temperature processing of materials is used, as well as ultraviolet radiation. This method is considered efficient and environmentally friendly.

The biological method of disinfection is based on the interaction of various microorganisms. It is used mainly for sewage and waste water, for cleaning septic tanks and drain facilities.

Combined disinfection methods are a combination of two or more basic disinfection methods to increase the effectiveness of the result. Most often, primary mechanical treatment is combined with the use of chemicals or a physical method of disinfection.

Disinfection rules vary depending on the object, area, method and level of disinfection. The set of rules is established on the basis of research and is taken as the basis for the disinfection of a set of measures.

A sticky mat is known from the prior art, consisting of several layers with a sticky coating, sequentially removed when the surface is contaminated. The floor mat collects dust and dirt, cleaning the soles of people's shoes and the wheels of carts passing over it. Represents the disposable sheets consisting of polyethylene with the water-soluble acrylic glue applied on them. (https://smartkomplekt.ru/mnogoslojnyj-lipkij-kovrik.html). Such a device does not provide disinfection treatment due to the fact that an acrylic adhesive is applied to the sticky mat, which is capable of mechanically retaining dust and dirt. There is no disinfectant on its surface. Also, it is disinfected due to the small area of contact of the sole of the shoe with the rug, since the rug is not pressed through under the influence of a person’s weight. For disinfection, it is necessary to immerse the sole of the shoe to a certain depth due to the presence of a relief on it.

A disinfecting mat for cleaning shoes is known (patent US 2004078909 A1, 04/29/2004), which contains: a base having a front edge, a rear edge and side edges, a first section formed in said base, said first section located near the front edge of said base , said first section comprises a substantially fixed bristle brush extending laterally at least substantially through the base, the second section, said second section comprises a disinfectant liquid and a tape movable within the disinfectant liquid to transfer part of the liquid to the upper surface of the tape, where the liquid can be transferred to the shoes located on the upper surface of the belt, and the third section having a stationary cleaning mat located therein; the fixed bristle brush can move vertically between an upper position in which the roller can rotate and a lower position in which the roller contacts said base to remain stationary relative to said base; the fixed bristle brush can move from said upper position to said lower position under the weight of a person stepping on said fixed brush; the fixed bristle brush is generally oriented parallel to the front edge and extends at least substantially through said base between said side edges; the stationary cleaning pad includes a mat having upwardly directed bristles; the second section includes a plurality of support rollers rotatably attached thereto, and said tape surrounds and is supported by said support rollers; the belt consists of a fabric material that at least partially absorbs liquid; the base is made of hard rubber; a base having a front edge, a rear edge and side edges, a first section formed in said base, said first section located near the front edge of said base, said first section comprise a substantially immovable bristle brush extending laterally at least substantially through the base, and a second section, said second section containing a disinfectant liquid, and the belt is immersed in the disinfectant liquid to transfer some of the liquid to the upper surface of the belt, where the liquid can be applied to shoes located on the upper surface of the belt; the belt has a lower part adapted to be placed under the disinfectant liquid and an upper surface which is located above the liquid; the belt is supported by a plurality of support rollers; the fixed bristle brush can move vertically between an upper position in which the roller can rotate and a lower position in which the roller contacts said base to remain stationary relative to said base; the fixed bristle brush can move from said upper position to said lower position under the weight of a person stepping on said fixed brush; The base is made of hard rubber.

Disinfection mat is known (patent RU 73183, May 20, 2008), comprising at least two layers, one of which is made of a water-absorbing material with the possibility of impregnation with a disinfectant composition, and the other is made of a waterproof material, characterized in that it is made of a three-layer , wherein the top layer is made of a fabric material that provides wetting of the shoe soles with a disinfectant solution, the middle layer is made of a water-absorbing material that ensures the retention of the disinfectant solution, and the bottom layer is made of a fabric waterproof material; the top layer is made of mesh tent fabric with a specific weight of 250 g/m2; the bottom layer is made of awning fabric with a specific gravity of 500 to 700 g/m2; the middle layer is made of recycled polyurethane foam; the top and bottom layers are interconnected.

Known flooring (patent RU 28321 U1, 20.03.2003), containing individual elements interconnected and having a honeycomb structure of hexagonal cells separated from each other by partitions, the upper end surfaces of which are supporting, and in the area of the lower end surfaces of the partitions , intended for contact with the floor, through passages are made for removing water connecting cells of a honeycomb structure adjacent to each other, characterized in that each partition in the region of the upper end surface of the latter has a thickness greater than the thickness of the partition in the region of its lower end surface; partition walls have different heights within one cell; at least part of the baffles is provided with slots directed from the upper end surface to the lower end surface of these baffles; the thickness of the partition along its working upper end surface exceeds the thickness of the partition along its lower end surface by at least 50%; the working surface of each partition is formed by one or two flat surfaces located at an obtuse angle to each other; the upper end surface of the partition is curved; the center of curvature of said curvilinear surface of the partition is located between the upper and lower surfaces of the latter; said curved surface has a constant curvature; in cross section, the partition has the form of a geometric figure with symmetrically located side walls; in the lower part of the partition, its wall has a constant thickness, and in the region of its upper part, an extension is made, limited by the upper end surface of this partition, while the upper part of the partition has curved walls; the base of each hexagonal cell of the honeycomb structure is made in the form of a regular hexagon; the base of each hexagonal cell of the honeycomb structure is made in the form of an irregular hexagon.

The closest technical solution to the utility model is a disinfection rug (patent RU 184033 U1, 10/12/2018), containing a rectangular base made of a material resistant to acids and alkalis, along the perimeter of which there is a shoulder, made integral with the base, and forming a reservoir with the base, across the base, a partition is integral with the base, dividing the tank into two parts, a cleaning coating and a disinfectant, with the cleaning coating located in each part of the tank, and the first part of the tank is filled with a disinfectant; disinfectant filled both parts of the tank.

The disadvantages of the known devices is the difficulty of disinfection due to the manufacture of the mat separately from the main floor covering, as well as the inability to integrate the mat into such a floor.

Known devices are installed on top of the floor covering, forming a significant barrier to the movement of people, the transportation of bedridden operated patients, medicines, equipment on medical carts, the passage of people in wheelchairs, the passage of prams.

EFFECT: simplification of disinfection.

The technical result is achieved by using a floor covering containing a polymer section attached to it and located in the functional and structural unity of the tank, as well as a cleaning material placed in the tank and impregnated with a disinfectant solution. The use of the device simplifies the movement of people and vehicles through the disinfection barrier, there is no injury to patients after surgery, who are transported on medical carts.

The device is illustrated with graphic materials. On FIG. 1 shows a drawing of a floor covering, the reservoir of which is made in two sections, where 1 is a cleaning material impregnated with a disinfectant solution; 2 - built-in tank, 3 - polymer section.

On FIG. 2, 3 shows the flooring in a vertical section.

The device is manufactured as follows. A hole is cut out of the polymer section, into which a polyvinyl chloride tank is built in by a non-removable method, for example, by welding or gluing. At the junction of the polymer section and the tank, a 4-5 mm high edge is formed. Below the level of the polymer section, the built-in tank protrudes 4-5 mm. The cellulose cleaning material is then placed in the tank. The cleaning material is disposable, that is, it is removed from the built-in tank as it gets dirty, depending on the intensity of its use. The bottom of the built-in tank may contain spikes made of PVC to prevent slipping of the cleaning material. The tank can be made two-section and include a partition, where both sections contain a cleaning material, but the material in the first section is impregnated with a disinfectant solution. When a person passes through the first section of the tank filled with a disinfectant solution, the sole of his shoes is cleaned of microbiological contamination. After passing through the second part of the tank, the excess disinfectant solution is removed from the sole of the shoe. The floor in the room remains dry, and no evaporation of the disinfectant solution occurs when a large number of people pass by.

All elements are manufactured and assembled at the same manufacturing plant.

Many flooring factories make not only products from polymers, but also use other materials such as wood and cellulose. Therefore, all stages of production of any product that has component parts (parts) or consists of two or more parts interconnected by assembly operations are carried out at one plant. Thus, at the Tarkett flooring factory (https://www.tarkett.ru/ru_RU/), which is one of the world leaders in the production and sale of floor coverings, goods are made from various materials, as well as goods that are not floor coverings. In particular, Tarkett manufactures PVC cold welding products, linoleum hot welding cords, liquid alkaline parquet care and cleaning products, and MDF skirting boards.

The PROMPOLYMER plant (https://prompolymer36.ru/) simultaneously produces:

- Industrial floors,

- Polymer floors,

- Fire protection of metal structures,

- Anti-corrosion protection,

- Waterproofing,

- Repair and restoration of reinforced concrete structures,

- sprayed roof,

- Adhesives and sealants.

Plant "Don-Polymer" (https://don-polymer.ru/) is a manufacturer of shrink film, decorative sleeves, packaging, shrink caps, shrink labels, and also manufactures products for sanitation and hygiene: disinfectant, skin antiseptic, disinfectant concentrated for surfaces, disinfectant, skin antiseptic and disinfectant for surfaces.

Polymer sections - floor coverings made of concrete, metal, wood and other building materials, created on the basis of synthetic materials. Types of polymer sections:

linoleum - a dense flexible waterproof artificial canvas, a polymeric roll material for covering floors and walls. Linoleum is produced in the form of rolls with a length of 6 to 45 m, a width of 0.5 to 5 m and a thickness of 1.5 to 5 mm (special linoleums for laying in industrial, warehouse, public or sports facilities have a thickness of up to 8-9 mm ). Linoleum is laid or glued on a flat, dry base using polymer mastics or special adhesives;

plastic laminate - a type of flooring that does not look different from the usual one, but in it the wood layers are replaced with polyvinyl chloride (PVC). PVC backing will not absorb water, swell or warp. It is used in the decoration of any premises to cover the floor or walls. Most often, plastic waterproof lamellas are laid where there is high humidity and the likelihood of flooding the floor with water;

PVC tile is a multi-layer flexible coating, made in the form of squares. The bottom layers are partly made of PVC, making the product incredibly flexible and warm to the touch. The structure of the first, base layer also contains fiberglass. The bottom coating has a roughness for a more secure fixation with the floor base. The central layer is made of PVC in different colors. With its help, patterns or patterns of the coating itself are formed. He is responsible for the decorative properties and is able to imitate almost any other floor covering of an apartment or house. The top layer is created from a durable, impact-resistant, transparent material. It is its reliability that affects the wear resistance of the tile;

relin - rubber linoleum, a flooring material made on the basis of synthetic and natural rubbers

To glue - to make, fastening with glue. Weld - to connect, filling the gaps with molten metal or squeezing, fettering in a hot form. (Dictionary of the Russian language: Approximately 53,000 words / S. I. Ozhegov; Under the general editorship of Prof. L. I. Skvortsov. - 24th ed., Rev. - M .: OOO Publishing House ONIKS 21 century ": LLC "Publishing house Mir and Education", 2005. - 896 p.).

Welding - the connection of parts, most often metal, by heating to the degree of melting of their contiguous parts. There are also welding methods that involve fastening parts together under high pressure without the use of heat. (https://thedifference.ru/chem-otlichaetsya-svarka-ot-pajki/).

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC, polyvinyl chloride, vinyl, vestolit, hostalite, vinnol, corvik, sikron, jeon, nippeon, sumilit, cunning, helvik, norvik, etc.) is a colorless, transparent plastic, a thermoplastic polymer of vinyl chloride. Differs in chemical resistance to alkalis, mineral oils, many acids and solvents. In its pure form, it does not support combustion in air, but the fire resistance of plastics based on it depends on the additives used. Possesses low frost resistance (−15 °C). Heat resistance: +66 °C.

Chemical formula: [−CH2−CHCl−]n. The international designation is PVC (from the English polyvinyl chloride).

Molecular weight - 9-170 thousand Yes. Density - 1.35-1.43 g / cm³. Glass transition temperature - 75-80°C (for heat-resistant grades - up to 105°C). The melting point is 150-220°C. Thermal conductivity - 0.159 W / m K. Hard-flammable. At temperatures above 110-120°C, it is prone to decomposition with the release of hydrogen chloride HCl [3].

Soluble in cyclohexanone, tetrahydrofuran (THF), dimethylformamide (DMF), dichloroethane, limited in benzene, acetone (swells). It does not dissolve in water, alcohols, hydrocarbons (including gasoline and kerosene). Resistant to acids, alkalis, salt solutions, fats, alcohols, has good dielectric properties.

Tensile strength - 40-50 MPa, bending - 80-120 MPa. Specific electrical resistance - 1012-1013 Ohm m. Dielectric constant (at 50 Hz) - 3.5.

Ethylene vinyl acetate is a substance belonging to the class of esters, obtained as a result of the copolymerization of ethylene and vinyl acetate monomer.

Vinyl acetate units are randomly distributed in the copolymer macromolecule. The content of vinyl acetate determines the mechanical properties of the copolymer, as well as its type (elastomer or thermoplastic). Most often, EVA with 10-50% vinyl acetate content is used. 100% vinyl acetate produces polyvinyl acetate (PVAC). With a high content of vinyl acetate, ethylene vinyl acetate becomes highly resistant to oils, solvents, ozone and high temperatures. Copolymers with a low content of acetate have properties close to those of low density polyethylene. In addition, the properties of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers depend on the formation of side chains and molecular weight.

Example 1

To check the feasibility of the utility model and its effectiveness, production tests were carried out.

Polymer sections were manufactured at the plant of polymer products.

The tank was also made of polyvinyl chloride at the plant. A hole was made in one of the sections, into which a polyvinyl chloride tank was welded. At the junction of the polymer section and the tank, a 4-5 mm high edge is formed. Below the level of the polymer section, the built-in tank protrudes 4-5 mm. The cellulose cleaning material is then placed in the tank and impregnated with a disinfectant solution. The conducted studies have shown that the use of this design allows avoiding injury to patients after surgery, who are transported on medical carts, as well as simplifying the movement of people and vehicles through the disinfection barrier.

Example 2

Polymer sections were manufactured at the plant of polymer products.

The plant also produced a PVC tank with PVC spikes. A hole was made in the polymer section, into which a polyvinyl chloride tank was installed by gluing. At the junction of the polymer section and the tank, a 4-5 mm high edge is formed. Below the level of the polymer section, the built-in tank has a protrusion of 4-5 mm. The cellulose cleaning material was then placed in the tank. The tank was made two-section with a partition, where both sections contain a cleaning material, but the material was impregnated with a disinfectant solution only in the first section.

The tests carried out using the study of bacterial contamination of objects showed that when a person passes through the first section of the tank filled with a disinfectant solution, the sole of his shoes is cleared of microbiological contamination. After passing through the second section without disinfectant solution, the excess disinfectant solution is removed from the sole of the shoe. The floor in the room remains dry, and no evaporation of the disinfectant solution occurs when a large number of people pass by. In addition, the cleaning material is disposable, which allows it to be removed from built-in tanks as it gets dirty, depending on the intensity of its use. Also, testing of the device showed that the design of the tank containing spikes made of polyvinyl chloride avoids slipping of the cleaning material.

Claims (1)

Floor covering section, consisting of a polymer part with a hole cut out in it and a reservoir built into it, located below the level of the polymer part, being in functional and constructive unity with it, in which a cleaning material impregnated with a disinfectant solution is placed.

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