RU2097401C1 - Method of biological recultivation of productive land polluted with oil together with layer water in steppe, forest steppe and semiarid land zones - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: ecology. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to recultivation of productive soils polluted with oil with industrial layer water at weak degree (3 g/m²,), medium degree (15 l/m²;) and strong degree (30 l/m²). Method involves by-step agrotechnical and phytomeliorative land treatment for some years (treatment with sorbents, loosening, snow fence, harrowing, plowing in, desalting and others). Treatment depends on season and land pollution degree. Invention can be used in petroleum industry and agriculture. EFFECT: improved method of land recultivation. 3 cl, 3 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to the protection of the environment, in particular to the biological reclamation of fertile lands contaminated with oil together with produced water in the steppe, forest-steppe and semi-desert zones as a result of accidental release from the well or as a result of leaks from the sump. It can be used in the oil industry and agriculture.

 A known method of reclamation of fertile land contaminated with oil according to RD 39-0147103-365-861. (Ministry of Oil Industry of VNIISPTneft 1987), agreed by the State Agro-Industry of the USSR on July 23, 86, and the State Forestry Agency on July 16, 86, and approved for a term of up to 1.4.90.

 There is also known a method of biological reclamation of fertile lands "Temporary recommendations for the reclamation of lands contaminated with oil reservoir waters", Agro-Industrial Committee of the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, Kazan "Order of Honor" Agricultural Institute named after Gorky, Kazan, 1987

 Known methods include phased, over several years agrotechnical and phytoreliorative land cleaning by loosening, snow retention, cultivation, applying mineral and organic fertilizers, harrowing, sowing nitrogen-containing and salt-tolerant crops, scrubbing green mass on green manure, performing moisture-accumulating agricultural practices, desalinization, desalinization chemical reclamants.

 However, the known methods do not have a clear, consistent technology for performing work at the seasons of the year; the degree of contamination and the time of carrying out technological operations are not taken into account, depending on the start of work on the periods of the year. Some operations are costly. Known methods are ineffective. In addition, there is no definite sequence and combination of certain agricultural practices and phytomeliorative measures during the complex pollution of fertile lands with oil and oil reservoir waters.

 The technical task of the invention is a more effective and accelerated biological degradation of hydrocarbons and the desalinization of contaminated lands with the displacement of soil sodium from the absorbing complex with its replacement with calcium.

1. The technical problem for the biological reclamation of fertile land contaminated with oil and oil reservoir water to a weak degree of 3 l / m ² is solved due to the fact that in the method of biological reclamation of fertile land, including phased, several-year agrotechnical and phyto-reclamation land treatment by treating them with sorbents, loosening, snow retention, cultivation, applying mineral and organic fertilizers, harrowing, sowing salt-resistant nitrogen-containing herbs, performing moisture accumulation of agricultural methods in the form of deep plowing, retention of melt water, washing with water, introducing chemical ameliorants into the soil, plowing green mass on green manure, snow retention is carried out in the first year, then loosening to a depth of 25 27 cm, chelization by 20 22 cm monthly until October, in October, deep cultivation by 0.5 0.7 m, in the second year in April, harrowing is carried out, followed by the application of mineral fertilizers, after the application of mineral fertilizers, cultivation is carried out, after cultivation, the sowing of salt-resistant nitrogen-containing herbs is smelled the green mass per siderat is 25 27 cm, in the third year in April, cover harrowing is carried out, after harrowing, organic fertilizers are applied followed by cultivation, after cultivation, salt-resistant nitrogen-containing herbs are sown, followed by rolling crops, at the beginning of flowering, green mass is sown on green manure 25 -27 cm.

 2. For biological reclamation of fertile lands contaminated with oil in conjunction with oil reservoir waters of an average degree of 15 l / m, including phased, several-year agrotechnical and phytomeliorative reclamation of land by treatment with sorbents, loosening, snow retention, cultivation, application of mineral and organic fertilizers, harrowing, sowing salt-tolerant nitrogen-containing herbs, water retention, moisture accumulation, chemical reclamation, in the first year after snow retention and tillage They are loosened with sorbents to a depth of 25 27 cm, then monthly until October they are chelated by 20 25 cm, in October deep loosening is carried out by 0.5 0.7 m, after loosening they are washed by sprinkling followed by chemical ameliorants, after chemical meliorants are applied, they are plowed 25 27 cm, for the second year in April, cover harrowing is carried out, followed by the application of mineral fertilizers, after the application of mineral fertilizers, cultivation is carried out, after cultivation, salt-tolerant nitrogen sowing is carried out rusting grasses with subsequent rolling of crops, at the beginning of flowering of grasses they smell green mass on green manure by 25 27 cm, in the third year in April, cover harrowing is carried out, organic harrowing is applied after harrowing, followed by cultivation, after cultivation, salt-resistant nitrogen-containing grasses are planted followed by rolling crops, at the beginning of flowering grasses smell green mass on green manure 25 27 cm.

3. For biological reclamation of fertile lands contaminated with oil and oil reservoir waters to a strong degree of 30 l / m ² , the lands are treated with sorbents in the first year, followed by loosening to a depth of 25 27 cm, every month until October, they are chelated by 20 22 cm, in October deep loosening by 0.5 0.7 m, after loosening, washing is carried out in strips and furrows, after which chemical ameliorants are added, followed by plowing by 25 27 cm in the second year in April, plowing is carried out by 25 27 cm, followed by deep loosening by 0.5 0.7 m, p After which they carry out washing by sprinkling, after washing they add mineral fertilizers with subsequent cultivation, after cultivation they sow salt-resistant nitrogen-containing herbs, followed by rolling crops, at the beginning of flowering of grasses they smell green mass on green manure by 25 27 cm. This method is illustrated by technological schemes explaining the essence inventions made in the form of tables.

Table 1. The technological scheme of biological reclamation of fertile lands contaminated with oil and oil reservoir water to a weak degree of 3 l / m ² .

Table 2. Flow diagram biological reclamation of fertile land contaminated with oil and oil-field formation waters in the middle siepeni 15 l / m ^2.

Table 3. Technological scheme of biological reclamation of fertile lands contaminated with oil together with produced water to a high degree
30 l / m ² .

 The method is as follows.

 After the liquidation of the accidental spill of oil and oil reservoir water, the boundaries and degree of contamination of fertile lands are established, and depending on this, a certain technological sequence of operations, the type and sequence of agro and phyto receptions at certain stages of biological reclamation of fertile lands are adopted.

1. In case of oil pollution, together with oil reservoir waters of fertile lands to a weak degree of 3 l / m ² , in the first year, loosening after pollution to a depth of 25 27 cm is carried out. Tilling of the soil to a depth of less than 25 and more than 27 cm will not provide optimal removal of readily soluble salts from the root layer, improving the air regime of soils, restoring microbiological communities and the conditions of existence of soil animals, after loosening, monthly until October, they conduct chelation at 20 22 cm. Chelation at a depth of less than 20 cm and more More than 22 will not provide optimal improvement of the air regime of the soil, restoration of microbiological communities and the conditions of existence of soil animals; in October, deep loosening is performed at 0.5 0.7 m, loosening to a depth of less than 05 and more than 0.7 m will not contribute to the optimal formation of a peculiar screen for the reverse rise of water, moisture and salts through the soil capillaries, in the second year in April, cover harrowing is carried out, after harrowing, fertilizers N 80 kg / ha, P 60 kg / ha, K 40 kg / ha are applied, after harrowing is carried out cultivation, after cultivation, sowing a mixture of oats with peas, the sowing rate of oats is 150 kg / ha, peas 50 kg / ha, then the crops are rolled, when sweeping panicles from oats, green mass is sown on green manure to a depth of 25 27 cm. less than 20 and more than 25 cm reduces its effectiveness, in the third year in April, cover harrowing is carried out, organic fertilizers are applied after harrowing, manure 40 t / ha, after fertilizing is cultivated, after cultivation alfalfa is sown, alfalfa sowing rate is 16 20 kg / g followed by rolling crops in early flowering grasses plowed green mass green manure to 27 cm 2.

2. With oil contamination and oil formation waters in the average degree of 15 l / m ^2, in the first year of land treated sorbents after treatment sorbents land tillage to produce a depth of 25 27 cm and loosening a depth less than 25 cm and not more than 27 cm will improve air regime of the soil, restoration of microbiological communities and conditions of existence of soil animals, then they spend 20–22 cm chisel every month until October; after chiseling, deep loosening is performed on 0.5–0.7 m, followed by sprinkling of 1000 m ³ for the purpose of To more quickly liberate the land from excess salts, chemical leachants are added after washing, followed by plowing by 25 27 cm in order to improve the air regime, preserve and accumulate moisture, and form a downward water-salt stream that removes easily soluble salts from the root layer. Plowing to a depth of less than 25 cm will not form a flow, more than 27 cm does not contribute to the conservation and accumulation of moisture, in the second year in April, cover harrowing is carried out, after harrowing, fertilizers N 80 kg / ha, P 60 kg / ha, K - 40 kg / ha, after applying fertilizers, cultivation is carried out, after cultivation, sowing a mixture of oats with peas, the rate of sowing of oats is 150 kg / ha, peas 50 kg / ha, followed by rolling crops, then, when panning the oats, green mass is sown on green manure, in the third year in April spend harrow coverslip followed by the introduction of fertilizer 40t / ha, then the cultivation is carried out after the cultivation is carried out seeding lucerne, seeding rate of 16 to 20 kg / ha, followed by rolling crops in early flowering grasses green mass is plowed to green manure.

3. If the fertile lands are contaminated with oil and oil reservoir waters to a strong degree of 3 l / m ² , they cultivate the land in the first year with sorbents, after cultivating the soil they loosen it to a depth of 25 27 cm and monthly chechelize by 20 22 cm until October, and in October deep plowing, loosening by 0.5 0.7 m, after loosening, washing is carried out in strips and furrows of 3000 m ³ / ha, after washing, chemical ameliorants are added, followed by plowing of 25 27 cm, in the second year in April, plowing is 25 27 cm, after plowing, deep loosening by 0.5 07 m, after which washing is carried out by sprinkling with 1000 m ³ / ha, after washing mineral fertilizers N 80 kg / ha, K 40 kg / ha are applied, then cultivation is carried out, after cultivation, sowing of salt-tolerant nitrogen-containing herbs (Sudan), the sowing rate of 30 kg / ha, followed by rolling sowing crops, when panicles are swept, green mass is scented on green manure, in the third year in April, cover harrowing is carried out, then organic fertilizers are applied 40 t / ha of manure, cultivation is carried out after fertilizing, after cultivation alfalfa is sown, sowing rate is 16 20 kg / ha s will follow by rolling them crops, at the beginning of flowering grasses plowed a lot of green on green manure.

 After the first year of measures, the processes of physico-chemical degradation of oil in the soil are intensified and the most low molecular weight components of volatile and gaseous compounds are removed from it. Residual oil structures undergo biochemical oxidation. In addition, there is an intensive desalinization of the land and liberation from water-soluble salts along the entire soil profile with the formation of slightly saline (residual saline) soil differences. The salt concentration drops 7 8 times in the upper horizons (0 20, 20 40) cm and 3 5 times in the lower (60 80, 80 100) cm, and the sodium content in the absorption complex decreases to 15 18% After the second year of events, biochemical conversion of methanonaphthenic and aromatic hydrocarbons and the accumulation of naphthenoaromatic fractions in residual oil, which is a food source for microorganisms (fungi, spore and non-spore bacteria). In addition, sodium is displaced from the absorption complex, its content decreases to 5–8%. After the third year of measures, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons resistant to microbiological processes are destroyed. The content of 3, 4 benzopyrene in the biomass of herbs does not exceed the MPC. Almost complete displacement of sodium from the absorbing complex is carried out. Microbiological processes are normalized and the natural reaction of soil solutions is restored over the entire root profile. Over 80% of the reclaimed area is growing. From a geobotanical point of view, grass growth and grass stand formation are normal. This method of biological reclamation of fertile lands, contaminated with oil, together with produced water to various degrees, accelerates the biological degradation of hydrocarbons, provides a complete cleaning cycle of contaminated lands compared to known methods, promotes desalinization and desalinization of contaminated lands with the replacement of exchangeable sodium from the soil-absorbing complex replacing it with calcium. The test results of the method in various geographical points of the steppe, forest-steppe and semi-desert zones showed that over a three-year period, the contaminated territories are cleaned and a stable vegetation cover is formed.

Claims (3)

 1. The method of biological remediation of fertile lands contaminated with oil in conjunction with produced water in steppe, forest-steppe, semi-desert zones, including phased agro-technical and phytomeliorative reclamation of land by treatment with sorbents, snow retention, cultivating, cultivating, applying mineral fertilizers and organic, harrowing, sowing nitrogen-containing and salt-tolerant herbs, desalination and desalinization, sowing green mass on green manure, characterized in that in the first year after sleep the holdings carry out loosening to a depth of 25 27 cm, then monthly until October they carry out chiseling, in October they carry out deep loosening by 0.5 0.7 m, in the second year in April they carry out harrowing followed by the application of mineral fertilizers, after applying mineral fertilizers they carry out cultivation, after cultivation - sowing of salt-tolerant grasses with subsequent rolling of the crops, at the beginning of flowering of grasses, green mass is plowed on green manure to a depth of 25 27 cm, in the third year in April, cover harrowing is carried out, after harrowing - the introduction of organic fertilizers with subsequent cultivation, after cultivation, sowing of salt-resistant nitrogen-containing herbs is carried out, followed by rolling by sowing, at the beginning of flowering of grasses, green mass is plowed on green manure to a depth of 25 27 cm.  2. A method for the biological reclamation of fertile lands contaminated with oil together with produced water in the steppe, forest-steppe, semi-desert zones, including the step-by-step agrotechnical or phytomeliorative reclamation of the land by treatment with sorbents, snow retention, cultivation, cultivation, and the application of mineral and organic fertilizers, harrowing, sowing nitrogen-containing and salt-tolerant herbs, desalination and desalinization, sowing green mass on green manure, characterized in that in the first year after soil is treated with sorbents, after cultivation with sorbents they are loosened to a depth of 25 27 cm, then monthly until October they are chelated by 20 22 cm, in October they are deep loosened by 0.5 0.7 m, after loosening they are washed with sprinkling followed by chemical ameliorants, then plowing by 25 27 cm, in the second year in April, cover harrowing is carried out with the subsequent application of mineral fertilizers, after the mineral fertilizers are applied, cultivation is carried out, after cultivation it is carried out There is sowing of salt-tolerant nitrogen-containing grasses followed by rolling-in of crops, at the beginning of flowering of grasses the green mass is sown on siderat by 25 27 cm, in the third year in April, cover harrowing is carried out, mineral fertilizers are applied after harrowing, followed by cultivation, after cultivation, salt-stable nitrogen-containing herbs, followed by rolling crops, at the beginning of flowering grasses smell green mass on green manure by 25 27 cm.  3. A method of biological reclamation of fertile lands contaminated with oil together with produced water in steppe, forest-steppe and semi-desert zones, including phased agro-technical and phytomeliorative reclamation of land by treatment with sorbents, snow retention, cultivation, cultivation, and the application of mineral and organic fertilizers harrowing, sowing nitrogen-containing and salt-tolerant grasses, desalinization and desalinization, sowing green mass onto green manure, characterized in that they are abatted with sorbents, followed by loosening to a depth of 25 27 cm, monthly until October they are chelated by 25 27 cm, in October deep loosening is performed by 0.5 0.7 m, after loosening, washing is carried out in strips and furrows, after washing chemical ameliorants are added with subsequent plowing by 25 27 cm, in the second year in April, plowing by 25 27 cm is carried out, followed by deep loosening by 0.5 0.7 m, after which washing is carried out by sprinkling, after washing mineral fertilizers are added, followed by cultivation, after cultivation they sow the salt-resistant nitrogen-containing grasses followed by rolling the crops, at the beginning of flowering the grasses are sown with green mass on siderat by 25 27 cm, in the third year in April, cover harrowing is carried out with the subsequent application of organic fertilizers, after fertilizing, cultivation is carried out, after cultivation they are salt-tolerant nitrogen-containing herbs, followed by rolling crops, at the beginning of flowering grasses smell green mass on green manure by 25 27 cm.

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