RU2094963C1 - Gas-discharge lamp power supply - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: lighting fixtures with fluorescent and bactericidal high-pressure lamps used for various industries, transport, medicine, agriculture, and in the home. SUBSTANCE: device has lamp sockets 1, 2, starter contacts 3 with shorting-out noise-suppressing capacitor 4, first current-shaping circuit 5 with choke coil 6, second current-shaping circuit 7 with capacitor 8, rectifier 9 with diode-capacitor voltage multiplying circuit 10, eight switches 11-18, relay-control winding 19 shorted out by back diode 20, timer 21 with integrating capacitor 22, input threshold element 23 and output one 24, signal counter 25, controlled switch 26, resistor 27, compensating capacitor 28, auxiliary controlled contact pair 29, resistor 30, gas-discharge lamp 31. EFFECT: improved actual service life of lamps due to adequate and optimal pre-start filament heating period, improved reliability of lamp starting by means of pre-discharge ionization, provision for using lamps with one or two broken filaments. 1 dwg

Description

 The device relates to electrical engineering and can be used in luminaires with fluorescent and bactericidal gas-discharge low-pressure arc lamps, which are widely used in production, transport, medicine, agriculture and household.

A device for powering discharge lamps containing a current-forming circuit with a choke, the first end of which is connected to the first power terminal, a relay control winding with starter contacts shunted by an anti-noise capacitor, a timer with an integrating capacitor, to which a controllable key is connected with a resistor, a synchronization unit the output circuit of which is connected to the control circuit of a controlled key, a voltage control unit, a power supply unit with a transformer and a rectifier bridge connected to the network [1]
It achieves an increase in the reliability of ignition of a fluorescent lamp due to the use of an electromagnetic relay with starter contacts, the opening moments of which are synchronized with the supply voltage, as well as through repeated attempts to start.

 The disadvantages of this device include low efficiency in energy consumption due to the constancy of the power supply, the short life of the lamps due to the inability to reuse them when one or two filament threads breaks, and also due to overheating of the filament associated with starting the lamp without pre-discharge ionization.

 A device for powering discharge lamps, comprising a current-forming circuit with a choke, the first end of which is connected to a power terminal, a relay control winding shunted by a reverse diode with starter contacts shunted by an anti-noise capacitor, a timer with an integrating capacitor, to which a controllable key is connected with a resistor, as well as the input circuit of the signal counter, the output circuit of which is connected to the control circuit of the managed key, the relay winding is connected to Exit timer, the first input terminal of which is connected to the first starter contact [2] It has higher efficiency in power consumption than the previous one.

 The disadvantages of the second of the above devices include: a small real average lamp life compared to the calculated continuous burning resource due to thermodynamic overloads of filaments during launches required due to the lack of pre-discharge ionization (starting after lamp shunting), as well as due to the inoperability of the device during the destruction (evaporation) of the thermally emitting surface oxide layer or the breakage of one of the filament.

The closest analogue in technical essence to the proposed device is the second of the two above [2]
The purpose of the invention to increase the life of the lamps.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that the device for supplying gas discharge lamps, comprising a first current-forming circuit with a choke, the first end of which is connected to the first power terminal, a relay control winding shunted by a reverse diode with starter contacts shunted by an anti-noise capacitor, a timer with an integrating capacitor to which are connected a controlled key with a resistor connected in series, as well as an input circuit of a signal counter, the output circuit of which is connected to a control circuit key, the relay coil is connected to the timer output, the first input terminal of which is connected to the first starter contact, is equipped with two two-socket lamp sockets, a second current-forming circuit from a capacitor and a resistor connected in series, a rectifier with a diode-capacitor voltage multiplication circuit, four short-circuiting and four switching keys, the second current-forming circuit being connected with its first end to the first socket of the first outlet, the first closing switch is connected between the second power socket and the first socket of the second socket, the second make-up key is connected between the positive output of the voltage multiplication clamp circuit and the second socket of the second socket, the third and fourth make-up keys are each connected between the sockets of the first and second outlets, respectively, the first switching key is connected to its the first input terminal of the rectifier, and the first and second stationary to the second ends of the first and second current-forming circuits, respectively, the second switching key with its movable circuit the volume is connected to the second terminal of the rectifier, the first fixed contact to the second power terminal, and the second to the second socket of the second outlet, the third switching key is connected with its movable contact to the first input terminal of the timer, the second input terminal of which is connected to the second starter contact and to the second input terminal rectifier, the first fixed contact to the common negative output terminal of the rectifier and the voltage multiplication circuit, and the second to the first socket of the first outlet, the fourth switching key with its own Vision changeover contact is connected to the second socket of the first outlet, the first fixed to the first fixed contact of the third switching key, and the second to the second end of the first tokoformiruyuschey chain.

 The drawing shows a schematic diagram of the proposed device for powering gas discharge lamps.

 The proposed device contains two two-socket lamp sockets 1, 2, starter contacts 3 with a shunt from a noise suppressor capacitor 4, a first current-forming circuit 5 with a choke 6, a second current-forming circuit 7 with a capacitor 8, a rectifier 9 with a diode-capacitor voltage circuit 10, four closing keys 11,12,13,14, four switching keys 15,16,17,18, control winding 19 of the relay, shunted by the reverse diode 20, timer 21 with integrating capacitor 22, input 23 and output 24 threshold elements, signal counter 25, control A key 26, a resistor 27, a compensating capacitor 28, an auxiliary controlled contact pair 29 and a resistor 30. A gas discharge lamp 31 is also shown.

 The standard contacts 3 and the auxiliary contact pair 29 are made controlled from the control winding 19 of the relay connected to the output of the timer 21. The auxiliary contact pair 29 and the resistor 30 with a relatively low resistance, shown by a dashed line, are installed only if the first (working) current-forming circuit 5 is present compensating capacitor 28, which is usually used in group lamps to increase their resulting power factor and eliminate the stroboscopic effect.

 The first current-forming circuit 5 is connected with its first end to the first power terminal, and the second 7 with its first end is connected to the first socket of the first socket 1. The first locking key 11 is connected between the power terminal and the first socket of the second socket 2. The second closing key 12 is connected between the positive output clamp voltage multiplication circuit 10 and the second socket of the second outlet. The third 13 and fourth 14 locking keys are each included between the sockets of the first 1 and second 2 outlets, respectively. To the integrating capacitor 22 of the timer are connected sequentially interconnected controlled key 26 with a resistor 27, as well as the input circuit of the counter 25, the output circuit of which is connected to the control circuit of the controlled key 26. The first switching key 15 is connected with its movable switching contact to the first input terminal of the rectifier 9 , and the first and second motionless to the second ends of the first 5 and second 7 current-forming circuits, respectively. The second switching key 16 is connected by its movable switching contact to the second input terminal of the rectifier 9, the first fixed contact to the second power terminal, and the second to the second socket of the second socket. The third switching key 17 is connected by its movable switching contact to the positive output terminal of the rectifier 9 through the starter contacts 3, bridged by the input circuit of the timer 21, the first fixed contact to the common negative output terminal of the rectifier 9 and the voltage multiplication circuit 10, and the second fixed contact to the first socket of the first sockets 1. The fourth switching key 18 is connected with its movable switching contact to the second socket of the first socket 1, the first fixed contact to the first fixed to the act of the third switching key 17, and the second fixed contact to the second end of the first current-forming circuit 5.

 The voltage multiplication circuit 10 contains, in addition to two capacitors, two more decoupling diodes and two current-limiting resistors in the charge-discharge circuits of the capacitors. Together with rectifier 9, it is a voltage tripler, the output of which is expected to ripple unipolar voltage with an amplitude equal to three times the amplitude of the supply voltage.

 As an input threshold element 23 of the timer 21, a zener diode is used paired with a series-opposite diode, and as an output threshold element 24 a dynistor. The stabilization voltage of the zener diode is selected higher than the amplitude of the operating voltage on the lamp 31, but lower than the amplitude of the voltage of the supply network. The unlocking voltage of the dinistor is selected to exceed the voltage of the actuation of the control winding 19 of the relay. The time constant of the discharge circuit of the capacitor 22 to the winding 19 through a series-connected resistor is selected from the condition of the optimal time for heating the filament filaments of the lamp 31 connected to sockets 1 and 2.

 Signal counter 25 also includes an integrating capacitor and an output dinistor. The capacitor charging circuit and the counter dynistor release voltage are set to the optimal number of allowable repetitions of the lamp start-up process, after which the start-up processes are stopped to prevent lamp and relay failure.

 A fuse can be installed in the input circuit of the rectifier 9 to prevent short circuit during breakdown of the rectifier diodes.

 The proposed device operates as follows. In the initial state, starter contacts 3, auxiliary controlled contact pair 29 and all keys 11-18 are in the position shown in the drawing (3,29,12,13,14 - open, 11 closed, 15,16,17,18 in position )

 When installed in the socket of the lamp sockets 1,2 of a working lamp 31 with the whole of both filaments, all keys are left in the position shown in the drawing. When connecting the power terminals to the AC mains, power is supplied to the input of the rectifier 9 through the circuit 11-2-31-2-16-9-7-1-31-1-18-5, and therefore, a pulsating rectified voltage is supplied to the timer input 21, connected to the output of the rectifier through a key 17. The capacitor 22 of the timer 21 is charged, the input threshold element 23 is relatively weak current. After the voltage of the capacitor 22 of the unlocking level of the threshold element 24 is reached, it is discharged to the control winding 19, leading to the opening of the starter contacts 3 and auxiliary contact pair 29. Closing the starter contacts 3 causes the output rectifier 9 to short-circuit for a time determined by the discharge circuit of timer 21. at the same time, the filament of the lamp 31 is heated by the current determined by the parameters of the oscillating circuit 6-8, and intense pre-discharge ionization of the interelectrode lamp terribly at the expense of increased voltage in the second tokoformiruyuschey circuit 7 applied to the lamp.

 After the current drops in the control winding 19 of the relay to the level of its release, the starter contacts 3 open, and a self-induction EMF pulse appears on the clamping inductor 6, which is sufficient for reliable lamp ignition from the first (or second) time due to its prebreakdown ionization. After ignition, a rated alternating current is established in the lamp, supporting self-glowing of its electrodes (filament), and the amplitude voltage on the lamp is reduced to a level that excludes further unlocking of the input threshold element of timer 21.

 If for some reason the lamp does not light up, then the whole process described above is repeated again and again. In this case, the integrating capacitor of the pulse counter 25 is stepwise charged. After several unsuccessful starting attempts, the output dynistor of the pulse counter is unlocked and the capacitor 22 of the timer 21 is correspondingly shunted using the controlled key 26. In this case, the starting attempts are stopped, which allows the lamp 31 and relay 19 to remain operational. -3-29. After disconnecting the device from the mains, the thyristor 26 is locked and the circuit returns to its original state.

 If one of the filament threads of the lamp 31 is broken, but still capable of thermally emitting in the mode of self-glowing (for example, the top one in the drawing), the sockets of the lamp socket for the legs of its base must be bridged using the corresponding key 13 or 14 (for example, 14). At the same time, the reliability of starting the lamp will not practically decrease, since even if the moment of generation of the igniting pulse coincides with the half-cycle at which the shunted (cold) filament is the cathode, the lamp is still ignited due to preliminary ionization using the voltage across the capacitor 8 in the current-forming circuit 7 .

 If both filament threads are broken, but still capable of thermally emitting during self-glowing, both lamp sockets 1 and 2 must be bridged with keys 13 and 14. At the same time, the starting reliability is somewhat reduced due to the cold state of both threads, but also remains sufficient for operating the lamp under alternating current.

 The further stage of the lamp burnout is manifested in its inability to operate on alternating current without magnetic (misfiring during one half-cycle) due to the loss of thermionic oxide coating of one of the filament. In this case, the non-thermally emitting thread can even be completely torn off from both current collecting legs of the base. In this case, the lamp can be reused until the end (afterburning) only in direct current, using thermal emission of the surviving surface layer of the cathode. In this case, two cases are possible: a) the cathode has survived, i.e. it has not broken and is suitable for preheating; and b) the cathode has broken and is not suitable for preheating, although it is capable of self-heating in the operating mode.

 Case "a". To ensure preheating of the surviving cathode (lower in the drawing) and supplying DC lamps, all keys, except 13, are transferred to the position opposite to that shown in the drawing. In this case, the rectifier 9, in addition to the power supply function of the timer 21, the winding 19 and the starter contacts 3 of the relay, acquires also the power supply functions of the lamp 31 and its filament (cathode) with direct current and the power of the voltage multiplication circuit 10, to which the role of a preliminary ionizer is fulfilled earlier by the capacitor 8 of the second current-forming circuit 7. Moreover, as before, depending on the presence or absence of the compensating capacitor 28, there is or is no need for an auxiliary contact pair 29 of the relay, providing vayuschey increase in the latter case the glow current in the cathode circuit. In this case, the timer 21, the relay 19-1-29 and the signal counter 25 work in the same sequence and in the same way. The cathode of the lamp 31 is heated by a rectified current flowing through a circuit 16-9-3-1-31-1-18-9-15-5. A pulsating pre-ionization voltage equal to three times the power amplitude is supplied to the sockets 1 and 2 from the multiplication circuit 10 through keys 12 and 18. The decoupling diodes in the multiplication circuit 10 allow the pre-ionization voltage to be maintained for the duration of the cathode heating up to the starting EMF pulse of the inductor 6, occurring when opening the starter contacts 3.

 Case "b". In the case of a dangling single thermally emitting thread for the final lamp afterburner, i.e. full use of its potential resource, close to the continuous combustion resource with a single start (usually 12-15 thousand hours), it is still necessary to close key 13, i.e. transfer all keys to the position opposite to that shown in the drawing. Moreover, all elements of the circuit work similarly to case "a", but the lamp is cold-started.

 Lamp burning at constant current has a known drawback - cataphoresis dimming of a part of the lamp bulb (up to 40%) every 15-18 hours of continuous burning with subsequent self-recovery of light output during interruptions in operation, however, it allows you to maximize the potential lamp life.

 A positive effect compared with the prototype in the proposed device is achieved as follows. Firstly, due to the pre-discharge ionization of the lamp, there is the possibility of electrodes (filaments) of the lamp, eliminating their overheating and thereby reduce the thermodynamic overload of the filaments. Secondly, the probability of starting the lamp from one or two attempts is increased even under adverse conditions (low temperature, low voltage, high humidity, breaks in one or two filament filaments) due to optimal pre-heating of the filaments and pre-discharge ionization. Thirdly, due to a more reliable launch, the number of launch attempts is reduced, i.e. the number of heating cathodes of the lamp. Fourthly, it is possible to use lamps with a destroyed thermo-emitting layer of one of the cathodes, as well as when one or even two filament threads are broken. These factors lead to an increase in the life of the lamps, bringing it closer to the theoretical duration of continuous burning (12-15 thousand hours or more).

 In addition to the above-mentioned main positive effect, the use of the proposed device allows one to indirectly achieve the most important socio-ecological effect: to reduce the environmental damage caused by consumers destroying burnt lamps in garbage dumps and dumps, bypassing the complex and relatively expensive technology for their disposal (each lamp contains on average at least 0 , 12 g of mercury). In addition, the proposed device eliminates frequent changes and testing of devices that have ceased to ensure the start of the lamps, which is especially important for inaccessible lamp locations.

 Tests of prototypes of the proposed device, conducted by the authors at the Moscow Aviation Institute and related enterprises, confirmed their performance, revealed the ability to increase the real life of fluorescent lamps by 30-60% compared with the prototype.

 In the near future, by decision of the Moscow Government (R&D program of MKNT), it is planned to set up serial production of the proposed devices in the form of prefixes for commercially available standard ballast control devices (ballasts) for fluorescent and bactericidal lamps.

 Given the low cost and simplicity of the proposed device, the huge need for fluorescent lamps, as well as the complexity of their disposal, we can expect a great economic effect on the national economy of Russia, estimated in billions of rubles and an invaluable improvement in the environmental situation in cities.

Claims (1)

 A device for supplying gas discharge lamps, comprising a first current-forming circuit with a choke, the first end of which is connected to the first power terminal, a relay control winding shunted by a reverse diode with starter contacts shunted by an anti-noise capacitor, a timer with an integrating capacitor, to which a controllable key with a resistor is connected as well as the input circuit of the signal counter, the output circuit of which is connected to the control circuit of the managed key, relay coil on to the output of the timer, the first input terminal of which is connected to the first starter contact, characterized in that it is equipped with two two-socket lamp sockets, a second current-forming circuit from a capacitor and a resistor connected in series, a rectifier with a diode-capacitor voltage multiplication circuit, four short-circuiting and four switching keys, the second current-forming circuit being connected with its first end to the first socket of the first outlet, the first locking key is connected between the second glue power supply and the first socket of the second socket, the second locking key is connected between the positive output terminal of the voltage multiplication circuit and the second socket of the second socket, the third and fourth locking keys are each connected between the sockets of the first and second sockets, respectively, the first switching key is connected to the first input by its movable contact rectifier clamp, and the first and second fixed to the second ends of the first and second current-forming circuits, respectively, the second switching key is connected with its movable contact n to the second input terminal of the rectifier, the first fixed contact to the second power terminal, and the second to the second socket of the second socket, the third switching key is connected with its movable contact to the first input terminal of the timer, the second input terminal of which is connected to the second starter terminal and to the second input terminal rectifier, the first fixed contact to the common negative output terminal of the rectifier and the voltage multiplication circuit, and the second to the first socket of the first outlet, the fourth switching key with its movable a switching contact is connected to the second socket of the first outlet, the first fixed to the first fixed contact of the third switching key, and the second to the second end of the first current-forming circuit.