RU2094825C1 - Device which measures characteristics of explosion seismic waves - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: instruments. SUBSTANCE: device has spherical container which has three vertical cantilevers which are mounted for rotation around container in horizontal plane. In addition device has speed detectors which are connected to instruments by means of cable. device has three sockets which are located on container surface, spaced by 120 degrees and contain insertions from transparent material and photodetectors which are connected to measuring circuit. EFFECT: increased functional capabilities. 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to experimental studies of parameters of seismic blast waves (CERs) and is intended to measure the mass velocity of soil in areas adjacent to the explosion funnel.

 An analysis of the parameters of soil motion during explosions of explosive charges shows that in the process of funnel formation, cases of ejection of instrument containers from the soil are often observed when the dimensions of the funnel exceed expected.

 The fact that the container was ejected from the ground is difficult to establish, since after the experiment it is usually located under the bulk of the soil, and it is practically impossible to find out from the diagram of the recordings of motion parameters. Therefore, processing the measurement results in the case of an undetermined fact of the container ejection from the soil leads to large errors, especially when determining the soil displacement, since in the conditions of the container ejection, the sensors manage to register only the following CER parameters: entry time, maximum speed, maximum soil acceleration.

 The issue of increasing the reliability of measurements in areas of the soil mass adjacent to the border of the funnel can be solved by creating a device that allows the measurement to establish the fact of the ejection of the container from the well.

 Various types of devices are known that are used to measure CER parameters. For example, in the American report “Field measurements of soil motion during explosions, Damont” and “Volcano,” translated from English 1969, devices for measuring parameters of soil motion are presented, including instrument containers made of thick-walled pipes, closed at the ends with plates with O-rings which ensures the device’s water tightness. The input of the measuring cable is sealed, the ears are located on the ends of the device for installing the device in the measuring well. The sensors are equipped with speed sensors ДХ, ДД, alternating current sensors Power and temperature.

 In the final American report "Ground motion measuring equipment" DN 37 37 F 1975, various devices for measuring CER parameters were studied, the containers of which are made of different materials from plastic to durable steel alloys and have a mainly cylindrical shape. The choice of the density of the container material, close to the density of the surrounding soil, provides strong contact with the soil mass and reduces measurement errors.

 Domestic devices for measuring the parameters of CERs are distinguished by a wide variety of sensors and various forms of containers used in them - angular, cylindrical, spherical (Measurement techniques and equipment for exploring explosives. Blasting. Collection N 83/40. M. Nedra, 1982).

 The disadvantage of these devices is the low reliability of measurements of CER parameters in areas adjacent to the explosion funnel, due to the lack of information about the discharge of the instrument container from the ground during funnel formation.

 The closest in technical essence and the achieved result to the proposed device is a device for measuring parameters of seismic blast waves ("Technical description of a device for measuring parameters of seismic blast waves", inv. 24/56, military unit 51105, 1993). The device consists of a spherical container equipped with three vertically arranged spring brackets with the possibility of rotation around the container in a horizontal plane, one-component speed sensors connected by a cable to the measuring and recording equipment.

 A significant disadvantage of the device is that it does not provide the necessary reliability of measurements in the soil zones adjacent to the explosion funnel, since it does not record the fact of the container being ejected during funnel formation.

 The essence of the invention is to increase the reliability of measurements of CER parameters in areas adjacent to the explosion funnel. This is achieved by the fact that the known device, consisting of a spherical container, equipped with three vertically arranged spring brackets with the possibility of rotation around the container in a horizontal plane, speed sensors connected by a cable to the measuring and recording equipment, is equipped with a socket located in the container body in which are installed an insert of translucent material and a photosensitive element connected to the measuring circuit.

 It follows from the foregoing that the novelty of the proposed technical solution in comparison with the prototype is characterized by the following distinctive features.

 The photosensitive element serves as an indicator, signaling the discharge of the container from the soil during the funnel formation. The photosensitive element reacts to the appearance of light when the soil is loosened in the inertial expansion phase. The measuring scheme establishes the fact of the container ejection, which is subsequently taken into account when analyzing the movement of the soil mass under the influence of CERs, thereby increasing the reliability and information content of the measurement results and achieving their correct interpretation.

 The socket in the container body serves to accommodate and protect from mechanical damage the photosensitive element and the light-permeable insert, and provides increased measurement reliability during funnel formation.

 The above distinguishing features are absent in previously known similar solutions, which allows us to consider these features as meeting the criterion of "inventive step".

 A device for measuring CER parameters is shown in the drawing.

It consists of a spherical container 1 made of steel 30 of two hemispheres with an inner diameter of 180 mm and a wall thickness of 3 mm, equipped with three vertically arranged spring brackets 2 with the possibility of rotation around the container in a horizontal plane. One-component speed sensors 3 are connected by cable 4 (KG7-70-180) to the control panel 5 and recorder 6 (H117 oscilloscope). The device is equipped with a socket 7 located in the upper hemisphere of the container. An insert 8 of a translucent material (colorless TOSP, GOST 17622-79) and a photosensitive element 9 (FTG-4 phototransistor) connected to the measuring circuit are installed in the socket. To increase the efficiency and reliability of measurements in the device, three sockets are installed on the surface of the upper hemisphere of the container with a step of 120 ^o relative to each other.

 The device operates as follows.

 Before installing the container in the soil, the upper half of the hemisphere with the nests located in it is lubricated with I-40A industrial oil, then the container is lowered into the well. The installation site of the container is filled with cement mortar at 3/4 of the height of the container, the remaining part is filled with excavated soil with layer-by-layer tamping. After hardening, the cement slurry reliably binds the container to the surrounding soil mass. In an explosion, the soil begins to move, and container 1 with sensors moves with it. The signals from the sensors 3 are converted by the control panel 5 and fed to the recorder 6. If the container is ejected during funneling, the measuring circuit using the photosensitive element 9 records the fact of the ejection of the container when the soil is loosened during the inertial expansion phase. As a result, when analyzing the movement of the soil, the influence of the ejection of the container on the recording of the speed of the soil is taken into account, which increases the reliability and information content of the measurements.

 The applicant organization made a prototype of the proposed device, which successfully passed laboratory and field tests together with the prototype. Tests have confirmed its performance and the achievement of a technical result.

The developed device has the following technical characteristics:
Range of measurement of speed 0,5-100 m / s
Permissible load of 3000 kgf / cm ²
The number of installed speed sensors (along the x, y, z axes) 3 pcs.

Dimensions:
container ⌀ 186 mm
vertical sensor l = 160 mm o 33 mm
horizontal sensor l = 120 mm o 33 mm
Photosensitive element Phototransistor FTG-4
Connection line length 1000 m
Ambient temperature from -20 to + 50 ^o C
The proposed device was used in the applicant organization in 1993 to measure CER parameters at the test site of the unit.

Claims (1)

A device for measuring parameters of seismic blast waves, containing a spherical container, equipped with three vertically arranged spring brackets with the possibility of rotation around the container in a horizontal plane, one-component speed sensors connected by a cable with measuring and recording equipment, characterized in that it is equipped with three sockets located on the surface container step 120 ^o with respect to each other, in which the inserts are installed from a light transmissive material and the light-sensitive element cients connected to the measuring circuit.