RU2090774C1 - Turbocharged internal combustion engine with exhaust gas recirculation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering; internal combustion engines with gas turbocharging and neutralization of exhaust gases. SUBSTANCE: engine has receiver and ejector with active and passive nozzles. Ejector and gas turbine are installed in tandem and are placed in communication with exhaust pipeline. Gas takeoff channels made in cylinders are placed in communication with receiver connected by means of bypass channel to swirl pipe connected by "hot" branch pipe with ejector active nozzle. EFFECT: enlarged operating capabilities and improved reliability. 3 cl, 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of engineering, and in particular to internal combustion engines with gas turbine supercharging and neutralization of toxicity of exhaust gases.

 Known internal combustion engine with gas turbine supercharging and exhaust gas recirculation system, designed to reduce the output of nitrogen oxides in the cylinders of the engine.

 The aim of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the vortex tube and reduce the toxicity of the exhaust gases of an engine with moderate or low turbocharging.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that in an internal combustion engine with pressurization and exhaust gas recirculation, comprising a turbocharger having a gas turbine and a compressor mounted on a common shaft, connected to the engine cylinders by means of discharge and exhaust pipelines and equipped with a suction pipe at the compressor inlet, and at the outlet of the turbine an exhaust pipe, in addition, made with a bypass channel including a bypass valve and a vortex tube with a "hot" and "cold" exhaust pipes, and a “cold” pipe is connected by a recirculation line to the compressor suction pipe, the engine cylinders are additionally equipped with gas sampling valves communicating with a gas receiver, to which a bypass channel is connected with a vortex pipe connected by a “hot” pipe to an active nozzle of an ejector installed in series with the gas turbine .

 The ejector is installed in front of the gas turbine and the passive nozzle, in communication with the exhaust pipe, and the bypass channel is equipped with a storage tank installed behind the bypass valve parallel to the vortex tube.

 Also, the ejector is located on the exhaust pipe and a passive nozzle is in communication with this pipe.

 In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of a turbocharged engine equipped with a vortex tube with an ejector at the turbine inlet, general view; in FIG. 2 the same with the ejector on the exhaust pipe.

 An internal combustion engine with pressurization and exhaust gas recirculation (Fig. 1) contains a working cylinder 1 with a piston 2, a suction valve 3, an exhaust valve 4, windows 5, equipped with automatic gas sampling valves 6, communicating the cylinder cavity with a gas receiver 7, and includes a turbocharger 6, consisting of a gas turbine 9 and a centrifugal compressor 10 mounted on a common shaft. The gas turbine at the inlet is equipped with an ejector II and is connected to the engine cylinders by an exhaust pipe 12 connected to a passive nozzle of the ejector II, and the exhaust pipe 12 can be made separate, consisting of two or more branches. An exhaust pipe 13 is installed at the inlet of the gas turbine.

 The centrifugal compressor 10 is equipped with an air cleaner 14, a suction pipe 15 and is connected by a discharge pipe 16 to the cylinder 1.

 In addition, the internal combustion engine is equipped with a bypass channel 17 with a bypass valve 18, a storage tank 19 and a vortex tube 20 fed by gases from the receiver 7 and the tank 19. The membrane bypass valve 18 is spring-loaded and controlled by compressed air from the discharge pipe 16. The vortex pipe 20 has a tangential or helical nozzle inlet (not shown) in the middle part of the housing, a conical working part, turning into a “hot” outlet pipe 21 connected to the active nozzle of the ejector II. The “cold” outlet pipe 22 of the vortex tube is cylindrical with an inlet diaphragm and passes into the coil 23, additionally cooled by liquid from the jacket of the gas turbine casing 9 or the engine block and connected by a recirculation line 24 to the suction pipe 15 of the compressor 10. In turn, the recirculation line 24 equipped with a flow regulator 25 of the membrane type having two working cavities, one of which (upper) is in communication with the exhaust pipe 12, the other (lower) with the discharge pipe 16 through an electromagnetic valve en 26 management.

 A variant of the internal combustion engine (Fig. 2) comprises an ejector 11 mounted on a portion of the exhaust pipe 13, the passive nozzle of the ejector communicating with the cavity of the pipe, and a toxicity neutralizer or particulate filter 27 placed at the outlet of the ejector.

 The engine operates as follows.

 During the start-up of the engine (Fig. 1), idling and at the time of taking the load, the exhaust gases move from the cylinder 1 through the exhaust valve 4 through the exhaust pipe 12 into the passive nozzle of the ejector 11, from which they enter the exhaust pipe into the gas turbine 9 13. During the heating of the engine, the bypass valve 18 closes the bypass channel 17, and the flow regulator 25, the recirculation line 24, in turn, when the valve of the vessel 19 is opened, the high-pressure gases expand, pass into the working part of the vortex tube 20, its “hot” discharge the discharge pipe 21 and are fed into the active nozzle of the ejector 11. Due to the short-term increase in gas flow and the action of the ejector, acceleration of the gas turbine 9, i.e., the turbocompressor 6 as a single unit, is facilitated.

 With increasing load and engine speed, the turbocharger 8 increases the boost pressure in the discharge pipe 16, which is transmitted through the open control valve 26 to the lower working cavity of the diaphragm chamber of the flow regulator 25. Due to the reverse pressure drop, the membrane moves up and opens the valve of the flow regulator 25 by recirculation lines 24. The exhaust gases under the action of excessive pressure in the cavity of the ejector 11 partially flow in the opposite direction, fill the vortex tube 20, is cooled in the coil 23 and the recycling line 24 are directed into the inlet 15 of the compressor 10, where they are mixed with the air flow from the air cleaner 14.

 When the engine is operating at maximum torque, a further increase in engine power and boost pressure, the bypass valve 18 opens and part of the combustion products, expanding, moves from the cylinder 1 through the windows 5 open by the piston 2, the gas sampling valves 6 into the bypass channel 17. Later, with an offset in phase, the exhaust valve 4 opens and the bulk of the relatively low pressure gases are discharged into the exhaust pipe 12.

 Gases with high pressure and temperature averaged in the receiver 7 are fed into the nozzle inlet of the vortex tube 20, from which they flow out at a sound or supersonic speed tangentially to the wall. An intense rotational movement of gases is created in the working cavity of the pipe 20 and temperature unevenness occurs with the formation of two flows moving countercurrently, namely, “hot” on the pipe wall and “cold” on its axis. At the same time, a radial non-uniformity of pressure is created in the cavity of the pipe 20, the separation of mechanical particles such as soot, ash, oil droplets, wear products proceeds efficiently, afterburned by hydrocarbon in a "hot" stream having a temperature above 1000K.

 Gases together with the solid residue are fed through the “hot” outlet pipe 21 to the active nozzle of the ejector 11, flow out from it at high speed and suck in the gases from the exhaust pipe 12, are mixed in the ejector 11, which pumps the mixture into the gas turbine 9. In a pulse engine a pressurization system equipped with a branched exhaust pipe 12, the ejector works as a pulse converter, averaging flows and increasing the pressure in front of the gas turbine.

 The axial gas flow, cleaned of mechanical particles, moves into the diaphragm of the “cold” exhaust pipe 22, is additionally cooled in the coil 23 and is directed to the compressor 10 through the recirculation line 24. The composition and temperature of the gas-air mixture in the compressor intake pipe 15 depend mainly on the engine load , the gas flow rate in the recirculation line 24, which, in turn, is regulated by the geometric dimensions of the vortex tube and more finely by the position of the valve of the flow regulator 25. The gas-air mixture is compressed into a compress D 10 is fed to the discharge pipe 16, then through the suction valve 3 into the working cylinder 1 for subsequent compression and combustion processes.

 At rated engine load, the control valve 26 disconnects from the discharge pipe 16 and communicates the lower cavity of the membrane chamber of the flow regulator 25 with the atmosphere. Under the influence of the changed pressure drop across the membrane, the flow regulator valve 25 moves, which closes the recirculation line 24 and turns off the “cold” outlet pipe 22. In this mode, the vortex tube 20 acts as an additional section of the bypass channel 17, directing the gas flow through the “hot” "exhaust pipe 21 into the ejector 11, operating with increased efficiency. In addition, part of the gas is used to fill the tank 19.

 Disabling exhaust gas recirculation leads to an increase in excess air and a reduction in the underburning of hydrocarbons in cylinder 1, to a limitation of the maximum combustion temperature and stabilization of the wall temperature. The quality of regulation of gas recirculation by the valve 26 can be improved by using an electronic control system containing sensors of operational parameters of the engine.

 A variant of the internal combustion engine (Fig. 2) with the ejector placed on the exhaust pipe is characterized by an increased exhaust gas bypass of the turbine and is preferred for operation at maximum torque. When the vortex tube 20 is turned on, the gas flow from the “hot” outlet pipe 21 is directed to the active nozzle of the ejector 11, which sucks the gases from the exhaust pipe 13 and reduces the back pressure of the turbine 9. The ejector 11 supplies the gas mixture with increased pressure and temperature to the gas toxicity neutralizer 27 to reduce carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon content.

The "cold" exhaust pipe 22 and the recirculation line 24 operate in the same way as described above, with the exhaust gas flowing into the engine cylinders
to reduce the yield of nitrogen oxides.

 The proposed internal combustion engine operates with moderate and low gas turbine pressurization in the presence of a vortex tube in the exhaust gas toxicity neutralization system, which ensures separation and afterburning of soot and other combustible components in the gas stream at the bypass, cooling of the gas stream and recirculation to the working cylinders. Thanks to the control system, optimal conditions are maintained for the joint effective operation of the vortex tube, ejector and gas turbine in transient engine operation.

 The proposed internal combustion engine is intended for use in conditions with increased environmental requirements, and specifically, it is recommended as a propulsion system of self-propelled vehicles operating in deep quarries and in mines.

Claims (3)

 1. An internal combustion engine with a turbocharger and exhaust gas recirculation, comprising a turbocharger having a gas turbine and a compressor mounted on a common shaft, connected to the engine cylinders by means of discharge and exhaust pipes and equipped with a suction pipe at the compressor inlet and an exhaust pipe connected to the turbine exit, a bypass channel with a bypass valve, a vortex tube with a "hot" and "cold" exhaust pipes, and the "cold" pipe through the recirculation line connected to the compressor suction pipe, characterized in that it further comprises a receiver and an ejector with active and passive nozzles, the ejector and the gas turbine being installed in series and connected to the exhaust pipe, gas sampling valves are made in the engine cylinders, communicating the cylinders with the receiver connected by a bypass channel to the vortex tube connected by a "hot" pipe to the active nozzle of the ejector.  2. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with a storage tank, an ejector installed in front of the gas turbine and a passive nozzle, connected to the exhaust pipe, and the storage tank is installed in the bypass channel behind the bypass valve parallel to the vortex tube.  3. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the ejector with a passive nozzle is connected to the exhaust pipe.

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