RU2090048C1 - Straight-flow outside threshing chamber - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering, in particular, threshing devices for paniculate crops. SUBSTANCE: threshing device has frame 1, threshing chamber 2 mounted on frame 1 and provided with pair of rolls 3, feeding screw conveyor 4 and discharge screw conveyor 5, which are positioned at ends of rolls 3. Grain collector 6 with guides 7 is positioned above rolls 3, which are embraced from below with grain collecting chutes 8. Plant panicles are gripped by screw conveyors 4 and fed for threshing to blades of rolls 3. Trashed grain is conveyed through grain collector 6 along grain guide 11 into hopper. EFFECT: increased efficiency, simplified construction and enhanced reliability in operation. 6 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to agricultural machinery, and in particular to devices for threshing panicle crops, in particular sorghum, in the vine.

Known is the working body of the threshing-separating device (analogue), containing a rotating rotor with blades mounted on it with working surfaces made with grooves, the working surface of each blade is curved and serrated, each tooth has a supporting curved platform placed convex side in the direction of rotation of the rotor wherein each groove is provided with a threshing edge and a transporting pad [1]
A device for harvesting seeds of panicle crops on the vine (prototype), including dividers in the form of trays, a towing chamber, stripping beaters, a rotating stop installed at the end of the stripping under the stripping beaters, a top cover, transporting elements and curtains at the outlet of the towing chamber [2]
On field trials, the disadvantages of this device were identified: jamming a panicle between the blades of the stripping beaters leads not only to brushing the panicles, but also to their breakage. This increases the loss of grain under-ground and the contamination of the grain heap by the torn branches of panicles. In the prototype, by tilting the rollers forward, the whisk is fed into the threshing gap with the base forward. The threshed grains encounter an obstacle in their way in the form of a panicle with the grain still not threshed, as a result of which it is difficult to remove them from the threshing zone, which does not make it possible to increase productivity and increases the likelihood of injury to the grain by stripping blades. Tilting the rollers forward leads to the unloading of panicles in the threshing chamber, which also affects the decrease in productivity of the device.

 The invention consists in the following.

 The problem to be solved by the claimed invention is aimed at increasing the productivity of the external threshing chamber, reducing energy costs for threshing and transporting grain.

 EFFECT: reduction of grain losses with under-ground grinding, reduction of seed injury and reduction of weediness of grain heaps.

 The technical result is achieved due to the fact that the direct-flow remote threshing chamber contains a pair of synchronously rotating rollers with elements for stripping, separation and transportation of grain, with each roller equipped at the ends with receiving and output screw conveyors. The rollers are installed in the threshing chamber formed by the side rails of the rollers, trays for collecting grain and curtains; a grain collector equipped with guides is installed above the threshing chamber, a grain pipe is attached to the grain collector. On the casing of the threshing chamber, a pneumatic thrower is attached to the trays for collecting grain. Above it is installed a pneumatic pipe ending in a grain pipeline.

 Comparative analysis with the prototype shows that the execution of a direct-flow external threshing chamber (PVMK), containing a pair of synchronously rotating rollers with elements for stripping, separation and transportation of grain, equipped at the ends with receiving and output screw conveyors installed in the threshing chamber formed by the side fencing rollers, trays for grain collection, shutters, connected through a grain collector having guides, with a grain pipe and equipped with pneumatic throwers with a pneumatic pipe, distinguishes removable technical solution from the prototype. Thus, the claimed direct-flow remote threshing chamber meets the criterion of "novelty."

 The analysis of known technical solutions (analogues) in the studied and related fields allows us to conclude that they lack features similar to the essential distinguishing features in the inventive direct-flow external threshing chamber, and recognize the claimed technical solution as meeting the criterion of "inventive step".

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where:
figure 1 shows a straight-through remote threshing chamber in the context;
in FIG. 2, sections A-A and B-B taken from FIG. 1 are combined, the relative position of the threshing rollers, the borehole passage channel and the synchronizing transmission are shown;
in FIG. 3 rear view of the threshing chamber, the guard of the V-belt drive removed;
figure 4 presents the cross section GG, taken from figure 1 a cross section of the trays, rollers and a longitudinal grain collector and grain pipeline;
figure 5 presents the technological scheme of the passage of the panicle along the length of the rollers;
Fig.6 flow chart of the passage of the panicle in the threshing clearance in height.

 The device (Fig. 1) is a frame 1 with a threshing chamber 2 mounted on it, equipped with a pair of rollers 3, inclined backward, receiving 4 and output 5 screw conveyors are made at the ends of the rollers. Above the rollers there is a grain collector 6, equipped with guides 7. From below, the rollers are covered by trays 8 for collecting grain so that the distance between the rollers blades and the bottom of the tray from the entrance to the exit increases. The lower part of the trays is attached to the casing of the pneumatic throwers 9. The pneumatic throwers are located below the rollers. A pneumatic conduit 10 is attached to the pneumatic throwers, ending in the grain pipeline 11. The rollers receive a drive from the hydraulic motor 12 through an upwardly shifted synchronization gear 13, consisting of chain 14 and gear 15 gears. The pneumatic throwers are driven from the rollers through V-belt drives 16.

 The synchronization gear 13 (figure 2) is shifted up to form a channel 17 for the passage of panicles. The casing 18 of the threshing chamber restricts the entrance to the channel from above and on the sides, leaving the end parts of the channel open. Bottom of the channel is closed by shutters 19, which are rigidly attached to the trays for collecting grain on one side and in contact with each other.

 From threshing rollers 3 (figure 3) is driven into rotation through a V-belt transmission 16 shafts 20 of pneumatic throwers. The casings 21 of the chambers of the pneumatic throwers 9, the pneumatic pipes 10 form the lead part of the channel 17 of the passage of panicles. The pneumatic pipe ends in the grain pipe 11.

 The fence of the threshing chamber 2 (figure 4) is connected to the grain collector 6 through the insert 22 of a triangular section. The triangle has two sides, concave and one straight line, and serves as a stiffener, deflector and part of the camera enclosure. The fencing of the camera goes to the bottom of the bottom of the tray 8.

 PVMK works as follows. During the movement of the PWMC along the rows of sorghum (Fig. 5), plant panicles are picked up by receiving screw conveyors 4 and last fed to the threshing zone on the brushing rollers of the rollers 3. The panicle is located in the plane of rotation of the rollers or in the plane perpendicular to the axes of the rollers, under the action of the friction force roller blades. The panicle fills the threshing gap along the entire height of the channel 17 (Fig.6), which is important for increasing the productivity of the chamber, since some part of the panicle immediately begins to be threshed. The panicle moves relative to the rollers back (Fig. 5) and up (Fig. 6). As the panicle passes through the channel, top I, middle part II, and the base of panicle III are combed. The stripped plant is removed by lead screw conveyors 5 (Fig. 5) from the PVMK in the aisle. The inclination of the PVMK back and the operation of the output conveyors completely eliminate the unloading of panicles in the threshing chamber.

 Grains, combed by the blades of the rollers 3 (figure 3), these same blades are transported through the grain collector 6 through the grain pipe 11 into the hopper.

 Along the movement of the grains, a stream of air is created. The blades of the rollers, like the blades of a turbine fan, suck in air through the inlet and outlet parts of the channel and pump it into the grain collector. The surface of the triangular inserts 22 (figure 4), related to the cavity of the grain collector, act as deflectors, removing air flows from the blades. The direction of transportation of the grains is adjusted by deflectors guiding the 7 grain collector, its walls and is supported by air pressure. So 70.75% of grains are transported. However, part of the grains that have not received optimal acceleration falls into the receiving trays 8. The shutters 19 (Fig. 2) make it possible to advance the plant stems in the PWMC, but prevent the loss of grains oriented toward the trays.

 According to the inclined bottom of the trays 8 (Fig. 1), the grain moves to the receiving windows of the pneumatic throwers 9, then through the pneumatic pipes 10 the grain mass is fed into the grain pipe 11 and then to the hopper.

 So is carried out in a direct-flow remote threshing chamber threshing, separation and transportation of grain panicle crops.

 The proposed device allows threshing panicle crops in the vine. During the operation of the PWMC, grains are separated from the panicle without damaging the leaf-stem mass of the plant, as a result, the seeds are not moistened and the clogging of the grain heap does not increase. The use of PVMK reduces injury to seeds, which positively affects their sowing qualities and storage.

PVMK provides a degree of grinding for panicle crops 98% seed damage does not exceed 2%; heap of grain heap is less than 2%
Thus, the above information indicates the fulfillment of the following conditions when using the claimed invention: PVMK is intended for use in agricultural engineering; the possibility of its implementation using the means and methods described in the application is confirmed.

 Therefore, the claimed invention meets the requirement of "industrial applicability" under applicable law.

Claims (1)

 A direct-flow external threshing chamber containing a frame, a pair of threshing rollers with blades and side fences, grain collection trays, curtains, grain transporting elements, a grain collector, a grain pipeline and a drive, characterized in that it is equipped with a synchronizing gear located in front of the rollers and above them with the formation of a channel for panicles, threshing rollers are tilted back and made with receiving and output screw containers at the ends, and the grain collector is placed above the rollers, equipped with guides and triangular inserts by which it is connected to the side rails of the rollers, with the trays covering the rollers from below, and the distance between the roller blades and the bottom of the tray increases from entrance to exit, while the transporting elements are made in the form of pneumatic throwers with V-belt transmission and pneumatic conduit, the lower part of the trays is attached to the case of pneumatic throwers, the receiving windows of which are located below the rollers, and the drive of the pneumatic throwers is carried out from the shaft of the rollers by means of V-belt drives, and the pneumatic pipelines are located above pneumatic throwers and end in the grain line.

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