RU2088948C1 - Phase radio geodetic system - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: measurement technology, creation of measurement system in geodesy. SUBSTANCE: system comprises one or several ground and airborne transceiving stations, measurement unit, two phase detectors, two computers, two frequency synthesizers, two power amplifiers, two antenna switches, mixers, two intermediate frequency amplifiers, two amplifiers-limiters, logic element, two reference generators, two commutators-formers, two transceiving antennas, additional antenna, receiving unit, limiter, phase inverter, three AND gates, microprocessor module, permanent storage element, on-line storage element, decoder, flip-flop, three frequency dividers, three filters and retunable generator with proper couplings. EFFECT: expanded zone of unambiguous determination of distance when system operates automatically. 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to measuring equipment and can be used to create measuring systems in geodesy.

 Known rangefinder system with measuring the phase difference at the modulation frequency, containing ground and airborne transceiver stations, while the airborne transceiver station contains a transceiver antenna, serially connected reference frequency generator, frequency divider and transmitter, serially connected receiver, variable unit delays, the static processing unit of reliable signals and an indicator, the output of the reference frequency generator is connected to the second input of the static processing unit of reliable signals, Receiving and transmitting antenna connected to the transmitter output and receiver input, ground transceiver station includes a transmitter, a receiver and a receiving-transmitting antenna coupled to the transmitter output and receiver input, whose output is connected to the input of the transmitter.

 The disadvantages of the device are the low accuracy of measuring the distance between the ground and airborne stations by measuring the phase difference at the modulation frequency and a narrow zone to uniquely determine the distance.

 The aim of the invention is to improve the accuracy of measurement and expanding the area of unambiguous determination of distance.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that in a phase radio geodetic system consisting of one or more ground and airborne transceiver stations, the airborne transceiver station contains a transceiver antenna, a transmitter, a first receiver, a reference frequency generator, an indicator. A ground-based transceiver station contains a transceiver antenna, a transmitter and a receiver introduced into a ground-based transceiver station, an antenna switch, an amplifier-limiter, a phase detector, a decision unit, a frequency synthesizer, a phase shifter, a reference frequency generator, and a driver-shaper, the outputs of which connected to the control inputs of the transmitter, antenna switch and phase detector, the output of which is connected to the input of the decision block, the inputs of the decision block are connected to the control inputs of the synthesizer from and a phase shifter, the output of which is connected to the input of the transmitter, the output of the reference frequency generator is connected to the first input of the phase detector, with the inputs of the frequency synthesizer and the commutator-shaper, the transceiver antenna is connected to the antenna switch, the output of which is connected to the first input of the receiver, and the input the antenna switch is connected to the output of the transmitter, the outputs of the frequency synthesizer are connected to the input of the phase shifter and the second input of the receiver, the output of which is connected through the amplifier-limiter to the second phase input of the detector, an antenna switch, a phase detector, a decoding unit, a frequency synthesizer, a first amplifier-limiter, a series-connected receiving antenna, a second receiver, a second amplifier-limiter and a signal switch, a driver-shaper, the outputs of which are connected to the control inputs, are introduced into the on-board station transmitter, antenna switch and phase detector, the output of which is connected to the input of the decision block, the outputs of the decision block are connected to the input of the indicator, with the control inputs of the switch a-shaper, frequency synthesizer and reference frequency generator, the output of which is connected to the first input of the phase detector, with the inputs of the frequency synthesizer and switch-shaper, the transmit-receive antenna is connected to the antenna switch, the output of which is connected to the first input of the first receiver, and the antenna input the switch is connected to the output of the transmitter, the outputs of the frequency synthesizer are connected to the input of the transmitter and the second inputs of the first and second receivers, the output of the first receiver is connected through the first amplifier-limiting An amplifier with a second input of the signal switch, the output of which is connected to the third input of the phase detector, the control input of the signal switch is connected to the output of the decision unit.

 In FIG. 1 shows a structural diagram of the proposed device; in FIG. 2 timelines explaining his work.

 The device comprises an on-board station 1, consisting of a series-connected transmitter 2, an antenna switch 3, a first receiver 4, a first limiter amplifier 5, a signal switch 6, a phase detector 7, a decision unit 8 and a frequency synthesizer 9, a reference frequency generator 10, a switch- shaper 11, indicator 12, antenna 13, serially connected receiving antenna 14, second receiver 15 and second amplifier-limiter 16, the output of which is connected to the second input of the signal switch 6, the outputs of the frequency synthesizer 9 with are dined with the transmitter 2 and receivers 4 and 15, the outputs of the deciding unit 8 are connected to the indicator 12, the switch-driver 11, the switch of signals 6 and the generator of the reference frequency 10, the output of which is connected to the frequency synthesizer 9, phase detector 7, the switch-driver 11, the outputs of which are connected to the control inputs of the transmitter 2, the phase detector 7 and the antenna switch 3 connected to the antenna 13. The ground station 17 contains a series-connected transmitter 18, antenna switch 19, receiver 20, amplifier-o divider 21, phase detector 22, deciding unit 23, frequency synthesizer 24, phase shifter 25 connected to the transmitter 18, reference frequency generator 26, switch former 27, antenna 28, the second output of the frequency synthesizer 24 is connected to the receiver 20, the output of the deciding unit 23 connected to the phase shifter 25, the outputs of the switch-former 27 are connected to the control inputs of the transmitter 18, the phase detector 22 and the antenna switch 19 connected to the antenna 28, the output of the reference frequency generator 26 is connected to the frequency synthesizer 24, the switch-form irovatelem 27 and the phase detector 22.

 The device operates as follows.

The reference frequency generators 10 and 26 generate continuous harmonic signals of frequency f, which are fed to the shaper switches 11 and 27 and frequency synthesizers 9 and 24. In the frequency synthesizer 9, the local oscillator signals for the second reception 15 with frequencies f'P1, F'P2, F'P3. In this case, the control of the frequency of the received signals is carried out by decision block 8, with fP1-f'P1 fPR, fP2 F'P2 fPR, fP3 f'P3 fPR, where fP1, fP2, fP3 are the operating frequencies, for example, the Omega phase super-long-wave system; fPR - the intermediate frequency at which the phase of the received signals is measured in blocks 7 and 22. The commutator-driver 11 generates control signals for the phase detector 7 (Fig. 2, b) in accordance, for example, with the radiation diagram of the Omega system. In the steady state of the device, the time intervals for receiving signals by the on-board station 1 are synchronized with the corresponding radiation intervals. The radio pulse signal is received by the antenna 14 and is fed to the input of the second receiver 15, the second input of which is supplied sequentially in time with signals from the frequency synthesizer 9 with frequencies f'P1, f'P2, f'P3. The receiver 15 carries out filtering of signals, frequency conversion, amplification. The amplifier-limiter 16 converts the signal from the output of the receiver 15 into rectangular pulses, normalized in amplitude, which are fed to the signal switch 6. When the device 1 is turned on by a signal from the decision unit 8, the signal switch 6 passes the pulses from the output of the amplifier-limiter to the input of the phase detector 7 16 frequency fPR. In the phase detector 7, the phase shifts of the received signals are measured, while the phase shifts θ ₁ , θ ₂ , θ ₃ are measured sequentially (Fig. 2, b).

Information from the phase detector 7 enters the decision block 8, in which the phase relations θ ₁ = θ ₂ = Δθ ₁ , θ ₁ -θ ₃ = Δθ ₂ are also calculated. The obtained values are θ ₁ , θ ₂ , θ ₃ ... Δθ ₁ , Δθ ₂ , ... are then used in the decision block 8 to eliminate the ambiguity of the phase samples.

Thus, the value of the phase shift Δθ ₁ , taking into account the correction when eliminating ambiguity, corresponds to a signal of frequency ω ₁ = fП1-fП2 and, at a known propagation speed of radio waves in the decision block 8, is used to determine the distance (coordinates) of the location of airborne station 1 with an accuracy typical of phase super long wave systems. Then, the deciding unit 8 puts the on-board station 1 into operation with the ground station 17. At the same time, the signal switch 6 starts passing signals from the output of the amplifier-limiter 5 to the input of the phase detector 7 (Fig. 2, g).

Frequency synthesizers 9 and 24 generate a reference signal with a frequency f _o and several auxiliary signals with frequencies f1, f2.f _i for radiation, in addition, local oscillator signals for receivers 4 and 20 with a frequency fОГ, f1Г, f2Г are generated in frequency synthesizers 9 and 24, f _i Г, while the frequency of the emitted (received) signals is controlled by decision block 8 (23), and fО fОГ fПР, f1 f1Г fПР, f2 f2Г fПР, f _i f _i Г fПР, where fПР is the intermediate frequency at which the measurement phases of received signals. Shaper-switches 11 and 27 generate control signals for blocks 2 (Fig. 2, a), 3 and 7 (Fig. 2, b), 19 and 22 (Fig. 2, c), 18 (Fig. 2, d) .

Timing diagrams are given for the steady state of the device when the time intervals of emission and reception of signals of the airborne station 1 are synchronized with the corresponding intervals of the ground station 17. Here T _{c the} time cycle of the device; t the interval of radiation (reception) of the reference signal with a frequency f _o ; 2t interval of radiation (reception) of auxiliary signals with frequencies f _i ; t _{p the} duration of the pause; t _{with the} interval of reception of the signal of the super-long-wave system.

опорных сигналов частоты fО (фиг. 2, в) и фазовые сдвиги Φ₁, Φ₂, ... Φ_i вспомогательных сигналов частотами f₁, f₂,f_i. Информация с фазового детектора 22 поступает в решающий блок 23, в котором вычисляются фазовые соотношения

Полученные значения фазы ΔΦ₁, ΔΦ₂ ... ΔΦ_i запоминаются в решающем блоке 23. В течение интервала Tр излучаются в пространство сигналы от блока 17, при этом управление частотой и фазой излучаемых сигналов осуществляется решающим блоком 23 через блоки 24 и 25 соответственно. В моменты времени t, когда блоком 17 излучаются в пространство основные сигналы частотой fО, фазовращатель 25 решающим блоком 23 установлен в исходное (нулевое) состояние, излучаемые опорные сигналы частотой fО имеют фазу сигнала генератора 26. В течение интервалов 2t, когда блокам 17 излучаются в пространство вспомогательные сигналы частотами f1, f2.f_i, сигналами управления от решающего блока 23 устанавливаются в фазовращателе 25 фазовые сдвиги ΔΦ₁, ΔΦ₂, ... ΔΦ_i соответственно.In the transmitter 2, the signals from the frequency synthesizer 9 are amplified to the required value and the output radio-pulse signals are generated under the influence of a control signal from the commutator-former II (Fig. 2, a). The radio pulse signal from the transmitter 2, passing through the antenna switch 3, is radiated into the space of the transceiver antenna 13 (Fig. 2, e). The signal radiated into the space by block 1 during the time Tn, passing through the propagation medium, is received by the transceiver antenna 28 of block 17 and fed through the antenna switch 19 to the input of receiver 20. Signals from the frequency synthesizer 24 with frequencies ( fOG, f1Г, f2Г, f _i Г). In the receiver 20, the received signal is converted to the frequency fPR (and fО fОГ fПР, f ₁ f1Г fПР, etc.), filtering and amplification, and then are normalized by amplitude in the amplifier-limiter 21 and fed to the phase detector 22. In phase the detector 22 under the influence of control signals (Fig. 2) measures the phase shifts of the received signals, while the phase shifts are measured

reference signals of frequency fO (Fig. 2, c) and phase shifts Φ ₁ , Φ ₂ , ... Φ _{i of} auxiliary signals with frequencies f ₁ , f ₂ , f _i . Information from the phase detector 22 enters the decision block 23, in which the phase relations are calculated

The obtained phase values ΔΦ ₁ , ΔΦ ₂ ... ΔΦ _{i are} stored in decision block 23. During the interval Tp, signals from block 17 are radiated into space, while the frequency and phase of the emitted signals are controlled by decision block 23 through blocks 24 and 25, respectively. At times t, when the main signals with the frequency fО are emitted into the space by block 17, the phase shifter 25 is set to the initial (zero) state by the deciding block 23, the emitted reference signals with the frequency fО have the phase of the signal of the generator 26. During the intervals 2t, when the blocks 17 are radiated into space auxiliary signals with frequencies f1, f2.f _i , control signals from the decision block 23 are set in the phase shifter 25 phase shifts ΔΦ ₁ , ΔΦ ₂ , ... ΔΦ _i, respectively.

 Thus, during the interval Tr, block 17 emits auxiliary signals whose phase is equal to the phase of the received signals during the intervals Tu from block 1, as well as signals whose phase is equal to the phase of the oscillator 26. In the transmitter 18, the signals from the phase shifter 25 are amplified and output signals are generated pulse signals under the influence of a control signal from the switch of the shaper 27 (Fig. 2, d). The radio pulse signal from the transmitter 18, passing through the antenna switch 19, is radiated into the space of the transceiver antenna 28 (Fig. 2, e).

опорных сигналов частоты fО и фазовые сдвиги ψ₁, ψ₂, ... ψ_i вспомогательных сигналов частотами f1, f2.f_i. Информация с фазового детектора 7 поступает в решающий блок 8, в котором вычисляются фазовые соотношения

Полученные значения фазовых сдвигов Δψ₁, Δψ₂ ... Δψ_i запоминаются в решающем блоке 8, а затем используются в решающем блоке 8 для устранения многозначности фазовых отсчетов.The signal radiated into the space by block 17 during the time Tp, passing through the propagation medium, is received by the transmitting and receiving antenna 13 of block 1 and through the antenna switch 3 is fed to the input of receiver 4, to the second input of which signals from the frequency synthesizer 9 with frequencies (fOG , f1Г, f2Г, f _i Г). In receiver 4, the signal is converted to the frequency fPR, (with fО fОГ fПР, f2 f1Г fПР, etc.), signals with a frequency fПР are filtered and amplified, and then normalized by amplitude in the amplifier-limiter 5 and fed through the signal switch 6 to phase detector 7. In the phase detector 7, under the influence of control signals (Fig. 2, d), the phase shifts of the received signals are measured, while the phase shifts ψ ₀₁ , ψ ₀₂ ψ _oi ,, are measured

reference signals of frequency fО and phase shifts ψ ₁ , ψ ₂ , ... ψ _{i of} auxiliary signals with frequencies f1, f2.f _i . Information from the phase detector 7 enters the decision block 8, in which the phase relations are calculated

The obtained values of the phase shifts Δψ ₁ , Δψ ₂ ... Δψ _{i are} stored in the decision block 8, and then used in the decision block 8 to eliminate the ambiguity of phase readings.

In practice, the frequencies fО, f1, f2.f _i are chosen so that the relations fО f1 F1, fО f2 F2, fo f _i F _i , F1 / F2 m1, F2 / F3 m2 are fulfilled.

F (i 1) / F _i m _i . Here F1 is the frequency of the exact stage (operating frequency of the device); F2, F3.F _i frequencies of coarse steps; m1, m2.m _i are frequency conjugation coefficients.

где C скорость распространения радиоволн.Thus, the value of the phase shift Δψ ₁ , taking into account the correction when eliminating ambiguity, corresponds to a signal with a frequency of F1, which passed twice through the propagation medium, is equal to the delay time of the radio waves at the receiving point with respect to the moment of their emission, does not contain phase incursions caused by the apparatus of blocks 1, 17 and can be used to accurately determine the distance (r) between the antenna 13 of block 1 and the antenna 28 of block 17 at a known propagation velocity of the radio waves and the measured value Δψ ₁ , according to the formula

where C is the propagation velocity of radio waves.

 The signal switch 6 is controlled from the decision unit 8 and transmits pulse-normalized amplitude signals either from the amplifier-limiter 5 (high level in FIG. 2, g) or from the amplifier-limiter 16 (low level of the control signal in FIG. 2, g) at the input of the phase detector 7.

 Thus, thanks to new elements and connections, the zone of unambiguous determination of distance and automation of the device’s operation is achieved due to the operation of the on-board station by signals, for example, the Omega phase superlong wave system and unambiguous determination of the distance (coordinates) with an error, for example, of up to ± 5 km in the initial period after inclusion. Then, an automatic transition to the operation of the airborne station with ground stations of the phase radio-geodetic system is carried out and the distance (coordinates) is refined with an error, for example, to units of meters.

Claims (1)

 A phase radio-geodetic system consisting of one or more ground and airborne transceiver stations, wherein the airborne transceiver station contains a transceiver antenna, a transmitter, a first receiver, a reference frequency generator, an indicator, a ground transceiver station contains a transceiver antenna, a transmitter and a receiver, characterized in that an antenna switch, an amplifier-limiter, a phase detector, a deciding unit, a frequency synthesizer, a phase shifter, ge a reference frequency nerator and a driver-shaper, the outputs of which are connected to the control inputs of the transmitter, an antenna switch and a phase detector, the output of which is connected to the input of the decision block, the outputs of the decision block are connected to the control inputs of the frequency synthesizer and phase shifter, the output of which is connected to the input of the transmitter, the output the reference frequency generator is connected to the first input of the phase detector, with the inputs of the frequency synthesizer and the commutator-shaper, the transceiver antenna is connected to the antenna switch a transmitter, the output of which is connected to the first input of the receiver, and the output of the antenna switch is connected to the output of the transmitter, the outputs of the frequency synthesizer are connected to the input of the phase shifter and the second input of the receiver, the output of which is connected through the amplifier-limiter to the second input of the phase detector, an antenna switch is introduced into the on-board station , phase detector, decision block, frequency synthesizer, first limiter amplifier, receiving antenna connected in series, second receiver, second limiter amplifier and switch p signals, a driver-shaper, the outputs of which are connected to the control inputs of the transmitter, an antenna switch and a phase detector, the output of which is connected to the input of the decision block, the outputs of the decision block are connected to the indicator input, with the control inputs of the switch-driver, frequency synthesizer and reference frequency generator , the output of which is connected to the first input of the phase detector, with the inputs of the frequency synthesizer and the driver-shaper, the transceiver antenna is connected to the antenna switch, the output to which is connected to the first input of the first receiver, and the output of the antenna switch is connected to the output of the transmitter, the outputs of the frequency synthesizer are connected to the input of the transmitter and the second inputs of the first and second receivers, the output of the first receiver is connected through the first amplifier-limiter to the second input of the signal switch, the output of which is connected with the third input of the phase detector, the control input of the signal switch is connected to the output of the decision unit.

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