RU2087206C1 - Cyclone - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: equipment for purification of gases and liquids, may be used in different branches of industry. SUBSTANCE: cyclone has cone with tangential inlet branch pipe, axial outlet channel, conical dust catcher with dust discharge opening, main and auxiliary annular dividing walls. Main wall has branch pipe with axial channel and annular wall has axial opening. Dividing walls are interconnected by turbine blades mounted for rotation about longitudinal axis of cyclone. EFFECT: increased efficiency, simplified construction and enhanced reliability in operation. 9 cl, 16 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to techniques for cleaning gases and liquids from contaminants and can find application in various sectors of the economy.

Known cyclone, which contains a housing with a tangential inlet pipe, an axial outlet channel and a dust outlet communicating the conical part of the housing with a hopper for collecting contaminants [1]
The known device has disadvantages due to the fact that an external downward vortex flow and an internal upward vortex flow are created from the linear flow of the medium. As a result of this, it has significant hydraulic resistance and removes pollution from the hopper into the atmosphere, which determines low efficiency.

Known closest to the invention in terms of technical nature and the achieved result is a cyclone containing a housing with a tangential inlet pipe and an axial output channel, a conical dust collector with a dust outlet and a partition placed in the housing, forming an annular dust extraction gap with the wall of the housing [2]
The known device has the disadvantage of low efficiency, since the vortex separating impurities and transporting them to a dust collector has a three-dimensional (three velocity components) character and is formed from a linear flow of the medium being cleaned. As a result, the circumferential component of the vortex velocity, which determines the level of centrifugal force and cleaning efficiency, is small.

 The purpose of the invention is improving efficiency.

 This goal is achieved in that the cyclone, comprising a housing with a tangential inlet and an axial outlet, a conical dust collector with a dust outlet and a partition located in the housing above the dust collector at the level of the lower edge of the inlet, forming an annular dust extraction gap according to the invention, is provided according to the invention at least one additional partition forming an annular dust extraction gap with the wall of the housing, while the main partition is equipped with a nozzle with an axial opening tium, which communicates the space between the main and additional partitions with the body cavity above the main partition.

 As a result of this, a free flat vortex with two components of the circumferential and radial velocity is formed from the linear flow of the medium being cleaned in the cyclone. In this case, the vortex is accelerated, that is, it increases the peripheral component of the velocity as it moves from the periphery to the center, to the drain into the axial output channel. For this reason, the centrifugal force increases, which is proportional to the square of the peripheral velocity component, and the degree of separation of contaminants. At the same time, the vortex has a radial gradient of density and motion, which causes the creation of rarefaction, the maximum value of which is achieved in the axial zone of the cyclone. The pressure difference between the periphery and the paraxial zone of the cyclone generates an additional free flat vortex in the space between the main and additional partitions. This flat vortex flows through the axial hole of the nozzle into the cavity above the main partition. An additional vortex transports pollution to a dust collector and separates them, cleaning the medium before feeding it into the cavity above the main partition, as described above. The hydraulic resistance is reduced significantly, since the volume of the vortex decreases by several times, and the degree of purification increases, which increases the efficiency of the cyclone.

 In addition, the cyclone is equipped with an additional annular partition, forming with the wall of the casing an annular dust extraction gap installed above the main partition at a distance corresponding to the height of the inlet pipe, and with a gap relative to the end wall of the housing provided with an axial hole.

 As a result of this, three separation chambers and three flat vortices of the medium to be cleaned are formed in the cyclone as part of the general cyclone vortex. The cavity between the primary and secondary annular partitions is the main separation chamber. The cavity between the main and additional partitions is a separation chamber for the stream transporting contaminants from the main separation chamber to the dust collector. The cavity between the additional annular partition and the end wall of the housing is an additional separation chamber for the flow of medium flowing from the main separation chamber in the direction of the axial outlet channel. The vortex flowing from the axial hole of an additional annular partition is a cylindrical helical one that does not have a radial velocity component. For this reason, part of the contaminants not previously separated by centrifugal force is thrown into an additional separation chamber and further carried away to the periphery of this chamber by a forced flat vortex. The forced flat vortex in an additional separation chamber with a radial velocity component directed from the center to the periphery is formed both due to the ejection of the flow flowing from the inlet pipe to the main separation chamber, and due to the flow flowing out of the main separation chamber and transporting the pollution to the dust collector . The direction of the radial component of the vortex velocity from the center to the periphery of the cyclone contributes to the separation and removal of contaminants from the stream directed to the axial outlet channel. As a result, the medium being cleaned is subjected to two-stage cleaning with a free flat vortex of the main separation chamber and a forced flat vortex of the additional separation chamber.

 In addition, the cyclone is equipped with turbine blades connecting the main and additional partitions, mounted in the housing with the possibility of rotation around the longitudinal axis of the cyclone.

 As a result of this, the friction forces of a free plane vortex on the surface of these partitions are proportional to the square of the peripheral velocity component, and the blades rotate the main and additional partitions around the longitudinal axis of the cyclone. For this reason, contaminants in contact with the surface of both partitions are discarded to the periphery of the cyclone, since they have a significant peripheral speed that generates centrifugal forces. Moreover, the maximum peripheral speed of the rotating partitions takes place on the periphery of the partitions, which contributes to the rapid removal of contaminants in contact with the surface of the partitions. Moreover, the amount of friction loss decreases, since they are proportional to the square of the velocity of the medium relative to the surface, and the relative speed during the rotation of the partitions is almost halved. In this case, the friction losses themselves, by rotating the partitions, are used for separation and removal of contaminants.

 In addition, the cyclone is equipped with turbine blades connecting the main and additional annular partitions, mounted in the housing with the possibility of rotation around the longitudinal axis of the cyclone.

 As a result of this turbine blade and the friction force of the medium on the surface of all partitions, the partitions rotate, contributing to the separation and removal of all contaminants in contact with the surface of the rotating partitions. In this case, the rotating surface of the additional annular partition increases the radial component of the vortex velocity in the additional separation chamber, which is directed there from the center to the periphery.

 In addition, the cyclone is equipped with an auxiliary partition, which forms an annular dust extraction gap with the housing wall, which is rigidly fixed in the housing from the dust collector side with a gap relative to the additional partition.

 As a result, the cavity of the dust collector is shielded from the rotating additional partition, which eliminates the induction of a vortex in the cavity of the dust collector and contributes to the rapid deposition of contaminants in the dust collector.

 In addition, an additional annular partition from the side facing the end wall of the housing is equipped with fan blades.

 As a result of this, the radial and circumferential components of the vortex velocity in the additional separation chamber increase, which contributes to the separation and removal of contaminants from the medium flow directed to the axial outlet channel.

 In addition, the axial outlet channel is connected to the axial hole of the additional annular partition through a pipe with channels communicating the cavity of the pipe with the cavity of the housing formed by this additional partition and the end wall of the housing.

 As a result of this, the contaminants that come into contact with the surface of the nozzle are inhibited and are removed from the nozzle into the additional separation chamber by forced vortex flow through the channels in the nozzle.

 In addition, the diameter of the axial hole in the additional annular partition is larger than the diameter of the axial outlet channel.

 As a result of this, the part of the helical cylindrical vortex, which is the most contaminated, is cut off and sent not to the axial outlet channel, but to the additional separation chamber. The circulation of part of the most polluted medium flow in a closed loop provides for coagulation of particles and their separation.

 In addition, the axial output channel is made with a slot diffuser formed by the end wall of the housing and the disk, which is installed with a gap and coaxially with the end wall of the housing.

 As a result of this, the axial decreases and the peripheral component of the velocity of the vortex directed to the axial output channel increases, which reduces the removal of contaminants through the output channel and increases the cleaning efficiency.

 It is known in the art to use partitions, annular gaps, turbine blades and a fan. However, a new set of known features exhibits new properties of pollution separation by a flat vortex, two-stage pollution separation, pollution separation of the conveying stream by a separate flat vortex. New properties provide a positive result of increased efficiency.

 In FIG. 1 schematically shows a device with two partitions; in Fig.2 turbine blades between two partitions, a cross section; figure 3 device with an auxiliary partition; figure 4 device with three partitions; in Fig.5 a device with turbine blades between two partitions of the primary and secondary annular; in FIG. 6 - a device with turbine blades between three partitions; 7 is a device with fan blades; on Fig device with fastening an additional annular partition on the pipe; in Fig.9 a device with different diameters of the axial holes in the additional annular partition and in the end wall of the housing; in FIG. 10 device with a slot diffuser; figure 11 a device with a pipe axial output channel in the housing; in FIG. 12 device with a nozzle of the output axial channel and different diameters of the axial holes; in FIG. 13 device with a cylindrical chamber on the exhaust; on Fig shows the location of the turbine blades close to the longitudinal axis of the device; on Fig device with an outlet pipe; in FIG. 16 device with two turbine impellers.

 The device comprises a housing 1 with a tangential inlet pipe 2 and an axial output channel 3, a conical dust collector 4 with a dust outlet 5, partitions 6 and 7.

 The housing 1 has a cylindrical 8 and conical 9 parts, an end wall 10. Inside the housing 1, at the level of the lower edge of the inlet pipe 2, a main partition 6 is fixed with a pipe 11 in which a through axial hole 12 is made. The partition 6 with the surface of the housing 1 forms an annular dust extraction gap 13. Below the partition 6 with a gap 14, a partition 7 is installed, which forms an annular dust extraction gap 15 with the surface of the housing 1. A dust collector 4 is located below the partition 7. The axial outlet channel 3 can be made in the form of an opening in end wall 10 or in the pipe, and it is made with a diameter of d. The cylindrical part 8 of the housing 1 is made with a diameter D and forms the main separation chamber 16 located above the partition 6.

 The device operates as follows.

When the cleaned medium is fed into the inlet pipe 2, the linear flow of this medium flows into the chamber 16, swirls and forms a free flat vortex having only peripheral and radial velocity components. A plane vortex accelerates as it moves from the periphery to the center to the drain to the axial output channel 3. That is, the vortex increases the peripheral velocity component in proportion to the ratio (D / d) ⁿ , where n <1. A centrifugal force proportional to the square of the peripheral velocity component creates a gradient of the pressure density of the medium in the radial direction and rarefaction, the maximum value of which is achieved in the axial zone of the vortex (chamber 16). Centrifugal force separates the contaminants, dropping them to the periphery of the vortex (device). The pressure difference between the periphery and the axial zone of the device forms an additional flow of the medium to be cleaned through the gaps 13 and 14 into the axial channel 12. At the same time, a free flat vortex is created in the gap 14, which separates the contaminants similarly to the vortex in the chamber 16. The additional flow transports the contaminants from the chamber 16, which through the annular gap 15 fall into the dust collector 4 when changing the direction of flow and the formation of a flat vortex in the gap 14.

 Perhaps, when the turbine blades 17 connect the partitions 6 and 7 together. Partitions 6 and 7 are installed in the housing 1 by means of a bearing assembly 18 with the possibility of rotation around the longitudinal axis of the device. The blades 17 can be installed both on the periphery of the partitions 6 and 7, and near the longitudinal axis of the device. Placing the blades 17 closer to the longitudinal axis increases the speed of rotation of the partitions 6 and 7, since the peripheral speed of the vortex in this zone is maximum.

 The design works similar to that described except that the blades 17 and the friction forces of the medium on the surface of the partitions 6 and 7 rotate the partitions 6 and 7. The contaminants in contact with the surface of the partitions 6 and 7 acquire a peripheral speed corresponding to the contact point and are subjected to centrifugal force, which throws these impurities to the periphery of the device. In this case, the maximum peripheral speed corresponds to the periphery of the partitions 6 and 7, which contributes to the rapid removal of contaminants from the surface of the partitions 6 and 7 into the gaps 13 and 15. At the same time, the rotating blades 17 prevent the contaminants from entering the axial zone and into the axial hole 12, dropping them into the gap 14 At the same time, friction losses of the medium flow on the surface of the partitions 6 and 7 increase the degree of purification of the medium.

 It is possible when the auxiliary partition 19 is rigidly fixed to the housing 1, shielding the dust collector 4 from the rotating partitions 6 and 7. In this case, the partition 19 with the surface of the housing 1 forms an annular dust extraction gap 20.

 The design works similarly to that described except that in the dust collector 4 the rotating partitions 6 and 7 do not induce a vortex, which contributes to the rapid deposition of impurities in it.

 It is possible when the device has an additional annular partition 21 with an axial hole 22 and an annular gap 23 relative to the surface of the housing 1. The partition 21 is installed from the main partition 6 at a distance H corresponding to the height of the inlet pipe 2 and with a gap 24 relative to the end wall 10 of the housing 1.

 The execution works similarly to that described except that the vortex of the medium flowing out of the chamber 16 through the axial hole 22 does not have a radial velocity component, which causes the separation of some of the contaminants and their removal into the gap 24. In this case, a forced flat vortex is formed in the gap 24, having a radial velocity component that is directed from the center to the periphery. As a result, the separated contaminants are removed by a vortex to the periphery of the gap 24 and then through the gap 23 into the main separation chamber 16. The forced flat vortex is created by the vortex in the gap 14 and due to the ejection created by the linear flow of the cleaned medium flowing from the pipe 2 into the chamber 16. As a result, part of the most polluted medium circulates through a closed office chamber 16, hole 22, gaps 24 and 23, chamber 16, providing coagulation of fine and tiny particles of contamination.

 Perhaps, when the turbine blades 25 connect the main partition 6 and the additional annular partition 21 as a whole. In this case, the partitions 6 and 21 are installed in the housing 1 by means of a bearing assembly 26 with the possibility of rotation around the longitudinal axis of the device. The blades 25 can be installed on the periphery of the partitions 6 and 21 or closer to the longitudinal axis of the device near the axial hole 22. Moreover, the partition 21 is rigidly connected to the pipe 27 having through holes 23 and a flange 29.

 The design works similarly to that described except that the rotating partitions 6 and 21 remove dirt from the surface of these partitions into the gaps 13 and 23, and the rotating partition 21 enhances the flow through the gap 24, since it works like a friction fan. Part of the most polluted medium is circulated along a closed loop chamber 16, pipe 27, openings 23, gaps 24 and 23, chamber 16.

 It is possible when all three partitions 6, 7, 21 are equipped with turbine blades 17 and 25, connecting them as a whole. These partitions are mounted using the bearing assembly 30 to rotate around the longitudinal axis of the device.

 The design works similarly to that described except that the contaminants in contact with the surface of the partitions 6, 7 and 21 are removed to the periphery of the device.

 It is possible when on the partition 21 from the side facing the gap 24, fan blades 31 are made, which pump the medium to be cleaned into the gap 23, providing the required flow rate of the medium circulating in a closed circuit.

 It is possible when the device with three partitions 6, 7 and 21 is made with a pipe 32 having through holes 33 and rigidly connecting the end wall 10 with an additional partition 21.

 The execution works as described.

 It is possible when the channel in the pipe 32 and the axial channel 22 in the partition 21 are made of the same diameter, which is larger than the diameter of the axial channel 3.

 The design works similarly to that described except that part of the vortex flow is cut off by a smaller channel 3 and sent to the openings 33 for circulation in a closed loop.

 It is possible when the axial hole 22 in the partition 21 is made with a diameter larger than the diameter of the axial channel 3.

 The execution works as described, directing part of the vortex into the gap 24.

 Perhaps, when the device is equipped with a disk 34, which is mounted on the housing 1 coaxially with the end wall 10 and with a gap of 35, forming a slot diffuser.

 The execution works similarly to that described except that the disk prevents the leakage of the environment into the axial zone of the device, and this reduces energy losses and provides a high level of vacuum in the axial zone of the device, causing stable operation.

 It is possible when the axial output channel 3 is made in the pipe 36 located inside the housing 1. In this case, the diameter of the channel 3 is less than the diameter of the axial hole 22 in the partition 21.

 The design works similar to that described except that the pipe 36 cuts off part of the most polluted flow of the medium and sends it to the gap 24 for circulation in a closed loop.

 Perhaps when the device is made with a pipe 37 mounted on the end wall 10 and having an axial output channel 3, it works similarly to that described.

 Perhaps when the device is made with a cylindrical chamber 38 and a tangential channel 39, which are located above the end wall 10. Channel 39 can be made in the form of a linear diffuser.

 The execution works similarly to that described except that the chamber 38 not only prevents the leakage of the environment into the device, but also slows down the vortex flow, increasing the statistical pressure of the medium, and channel 39 turns the vortex into a linear flow and slows it down. At the same time, the pipeline is connected to the device.

 It is possible when the impeller 40 with the blades 17 and the partitions 6, 21 is installed using the bearing assembly 41 on the flange 42 of the impeller 43 having the blades 44, the baffle 7 and mounted using the bearing assembly 45 on the housing 1 can rotate around the longitudinal axis of the device . This ensures autonomous rotation of the impellers 40 and 43 at different speeds, which allows you to adapt the device to different working conditions, the flow rate of the medium through the gap 14, the concentration of impurities, the speed of the main and transporting pollution vortex flows, etc.

 The design works similar to that described except that the impellers 40 and 43 rotate at different speeds.

 Liquid purification devices work similarly.

 The technical solution, having the properties of separation of contaminants by a flat vortex, two-stage separation of the main flow of the medium, separation of contaminants of the conveying stream by a separate flat vortex, has the following advantages: a high degree of purification of the medium, small overall dimensions and material consumption, low hydraulic resistance, low energy consumption for cleaning.

Claims (9)

 1. A cyclone comprising a housing with a tangential inlet and an axial outlet, a conical dust collector with a dust outlet and a partition located in the housing above the dust collector at the level of the lower edge of the inlet, forming an annular dust extraction gap with the housing wall, characterized in that it is provided with at least at least one additional partition forming an annular dust extraction gap with the wall of the housing, while the main partition is equipped with a nozzle with an axial hole communicating the space Between the main and additional partitions with a body cavity above the main partition.  2. The cyclone according to claim 1, characterized in that it is provided with an additional annular partition, forming with the wall of the housing an annular dust extraction gap mounted above the main partition at a distance corresponding to the height of the inlet pipe, and with a gap relative to the end wall of the housing provided with an axial hole.  3. The cyclone according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with turbine blades connecting the main and additional partitions, mounted in the housing with the possibility of rotation around the longitudinal axis of the cyclone.  4. The cyclone according to PP.2 and 3, characterized in that it is equipped with turbine blades connecting the main and additional annular partitions, mounted in the housing with the possibility of rotation around the longitudinal axis of the cyclone.  5. The cyclone according to claims 3 and 4, characterized in that it is provided with an auxiliary partition forming an annular dust extraction gap with the housing wall rigidly fixed in the housing from the dust collector side with a gap relative to the additional partition.  6. The cyclone according to claim 4, characterized in that the additional annular partition from the side facing the end wall of the housing is equipped with fan blades.  7. The cyclone according to claim 2, characterized in that the axial outlet channel is connected to the axial hole of the additional annular partition through a pipe with channels communicating the cavity of the pipe with the cavity of the housing formed by this additional partition and the end wall of the housing.  8. The cyclone according to claims 2 and 7, characterized in that the diameter of the axial hole in the additional annular partition is larger than the diameter of the axial outlet channel.  9. The cyclone in paragraphs. 1 to 8, characterized in that the axial output channel is made with a slot diffuser formed by the end wall of the housing and the disk, which is installed with a gap and coaxially relative to the end wall of the housing.

Images