RU2085686C1 - Building - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction engineering. SUBSTANCE: this relates to erection of dwelling, public and industrial buildings and can be used in erection of buildings in areas where catastrophe can occur of natural or technogenic character. Higher protection of people in buildings from injurious factors occurring at technogenic or natural catastrophes is ensured because building has protective fibreconcrete spacious units installed one upon another storey-by-storey and also in basement or technical cellar in middle of standard section of building, interconnected by means of loop-like protrusions of reinforcement with their subsequent cementation, and having through-passages in floors with wire dampers inserted through them and secured by their ends to loop-like protrusions of reinforcement of floor slabs. Floor and covering slabs rest by their one end on internal wall panels adjacent to protective fibreconcrete spacious unit or directly on unit itself. Units installed in basement or technical cellar are connected with emergency exit gallery extended beyond zone of destructed building. Protective fibreconcrete spacious unit is made in the form of hood without one end wall and having door openings in walls with doors strengthened in explosion-proof and fire-proof aspects. Also provided are recesses with loop-like protrusions of reinforcement, turning ladders, and emergency exit made in floor with cover. Made in floor are passages for wire dampers, and peripheral slot of width equal to thickness of unit wall with loop-like protrusions of reinforcement. When floor and covering slabs rest directly on unit, additional slot is made in its walls. Wire damper is made in the form of separate wires or rods of mild steel, and their ends are inserted through pipe sections which are welded together into anchor holders, and fastened to anchor holders are reinforcement loops of damper. Ends of wires or rods are fastened inside to pipe sections by welding. Approximate calculations show that protection of people in these buildings can reach 100% at earthquake and somewhat lower at explosions. EFFECT: high efficiency. 2 cl, 14 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the construction of residential, public and industrial buildings and can be used in the construction of these buildings in areas where natural or man-made disasters are possible.

There are known ground buildings for various purposes performed according to standard, individual and experimental projects and containing load-bearing and enclosing structures: foundations, external and internal walls, frame, interfloor ceilings and flooring. These structures are made of brick, stone, concrete, reinforced concrete, metal, wood and with the use of other building materials [1]
The disadvantage of these buildings is that when they are used in areas with an increased risk of natural or man-made disasters, in which the impact of damaging factors is higher than the design decision for a given building, these buildings are destroyed, resulting in the defeat of people in them . The more destruction, the higher the number and severity of lesions. And the greatest defeats of people arise with the complete destruction of buildings. At the same time, when exposed to damaging factors (for example, earthquakes, explosions), people do not always have the opportunity to leave the building in a timely manner.

As the experience of recent years in our country and abroad shows, the over-calculated impact of earthquakes and explosions on buildings leads to massive damage to people with a high percentage of deaths [2]
Closest to the invention is a reinforced concrete residential building, including foundations, external and internal walls, floors and floors, basement or technical underground [3]
This building is taken as a prototype is the base object.

 The disadvantages of such buildings are the inability to provide people in them with over-calculated effects of damaging factors of a natural or man-made nature, which lead to severe or complete destruction of these buildings.

 The aim of the invention is to increase the security of people in buildings from the effects of damaging factors arising from industrial and natural disasters.

 This is achieved by the fact that the proposed building contains protective fiber-reinforced concrete volumetric blocks installed one on the other floor, as well as in the basement or technical underground in the middle of the typical section of the building, fastened together using loop reinforcement outlets followed by monolithic and having through channels in the floors, in which wire dampers are installed fastened at the ends to the loopback reinforcing outlets of floor slabs and coverings, and floor slabs and coverings with one end o they are either framed on the panels of the internal walls adjacent to the protective fiber-reinforced concrete volumetric block or not directly to it, and the blocks installed in the basement or the technical underground are connected to the emergency exit gallery that goes beyond the rubble area of the destroyed building and ends with a head.

 The protective fiber-reinforced concrete volumetric block is made in the form of a “cap” type block without one end wall, having doorways in the walls protected by doors reinforced with anti-explosion and fire protection, niches with hinged reinforcement outlets, pivoting ladders and with an overlapping emergency exit opening overlapped a hatch, channels for installing wire dampers and along the contour with a groove width equal to the thickness of the block wall with loop reinforcement outlets of the groove, coaxial loop reinforcement outlets in niches the walls of the block, and with an emphasis directly on the block of floor slabs and flooring in the walls, an additional groove is installed.

 The wire damper is made in the form of individual wires or rods made of plastic steel, the ends of which are passed through pieces of pipes welded together into anchor cassettes, and reinforcing loops of the damper are attached to the anchor cassettes, and the ends of the wires or rods are attached inside to the pipe segments for welding.

 In FIG. Figures 1-14 show the proposed building, which consists of foundations 1, loaded 2 and internal 3 walls, floors 4 and cover 5, basement or technical underground 6, protective fiber-concrete volumetric blocks 7, emergency exit gallery 8 and head 9, wire dampers 11 , loop reinforcing releases of interfloor overlapping and covering plates 12 and individual connecting rods 13.

 The protective fiber-reinforced concrete volumetric block 7 (Fig. 6-12) is a cap-type block without one end wall, having channels 10 in the ceiling, reinforced in the anti-explosion and fire-fighting relationship of the door 14, niches in the walls of the block 15 with loop reinforcement outlets 16, the emergency exit opening 17 blocked by the hatch 18, a rotary ladder 19, a groove 20, loop reinforcement outlets of a groove 21 and an additional groove 22.

 The wire damper 11 (Fig. 8, 13 and 14) consists of individual wires or rods of plastic steel 23, anchor cassettes 24, reinforcing loops of the damper 26. Anchor cassettes 24 are made of pipe sections 25 welded together.

 The building operates as follows: during industrial and natural disasters, foundations 1, external 2 and internal 3 walls, floors 4 and coatings 5, protective fiber-reinforced concrete volume blocks 7 as a result of seismic effects, as well as external 2 and internal 3 walls, interfloor are included in the work floors 4 and coating 5, protective fiber-reinforced concrete volume blocks 7 as a result of exposure to an air shock wave / Fig. one/.

 With over-calculated exposure to these damaging factors, the destruction of the building structures begins: external 2 and internal 3 walls, floors 4 and coatings 5 / Fig. 4, 5 /.

 In this case, the destruction of the interfloor ceilings 4 and the coating 5 causes the deformation of the wire damper 11, which prevents the collapse of the interfloor ceilings 4 and the coating 5 from the supports of the block 7 and the inner walls 3 adjacent to these blocks 7, and reduces the vibration amplitude of the whole structure consisting of blocks 7. In addition, floor slabs 4 and coatings 5 bonded with wire dampers 11, as well as other building structures create the effect of the attached masses, which also reduces the oscillation amplitudes and thereby ensures structural stability of blocks 7.

 In the process of destruction of concrete and reinforced concrete structures of a building, its individual structures may fall on protective volumetric blocks, which may be accompanied by spalling phenomena with the formation of fragments and fragments of concrete and reinforced concrete blocks. This in turn can lead to the defeat of people in such blocks. These negative consequences are eliminated by fiber concrete, in connection with which blocks 7 are made of the specified material. At the same time, the protection of people in blocks 7 is ensured by the doors 14 reinforced in anti-explosion and fire-fighting relationships.

 After the cessation of the impact of damaging factors arising from industrial and natural disasters, the evacuation of people from protective fiber-reinforced concrete volume blocks 7 of the destroyed building begins. Evacuation takes place through the openings of the emergency exit 17 and through the rotary stairs 19 to the blocks 7 of the basement or the technical underground 6, from where it continues through the gallery of the emergency exit 8 and through the tip 9 to the ground surface behind the rubble area of the destroyed building.

 In view of the foregoing, a significant increase in the security of people is provided in comparison with the well-known technical solutions of buildings under the influence of these damaging factors.

 Similar effects were separately obtained when performing experimental and theoretical studies of fragments and structural elements of shelters under the influence of dynamic load.

 Approximate calculations show that the protection of people in buildings can reach almost 100 when exposed to an earthquake and slightly lower when exposed to explosions.

Claims (3)

 1. The building, which includes typical sections containing external walls, panels of internal walls, floor slabs and flooring, a basement or technical underground, characterized in that each section of the building is equipped with an emergency exit gallery with a head outside the rubble area of the destroyed building, and protective fiber-reinforced volumetric blocks mounted on top of each other in the middle of the section floor and in the basement or the technical underground, fastened together by means of loop reinforcement outlets with their subsequent monolithic and having through channels in their overlap, and floor slabs and coatings are made with reinforcing outlets, interconnected by wire dampers passed through through channels of volume blocks, and are supported on volume blocks or on panels of internal walls adjacent to the latter, installed in the basement or technical underground volume units are connected to the emergency exit gallery.  2. The building according to claim 1, characterized in that each volume unit is made of two longitudinal and one end walls with explosion-proof and fire-prevention doors and niches along the perimeter of the walls, floor slabs with grooves whose width is equal to the wall thickness, and an emergency exit opening with a hatch and a rotary ladder, moreover, coaxially reinforcing outlets are placed in the grooves of the floor slab and in the niches of the walls, and when the floor slabs are supported on the volume blocks of the floor slab, the latter are made with recesses.  3. The building according to paragraphs. 1 and 2, characterized in that each damper is made in the form of individual wires or rods of plastic steel, the ends of which are passed through pipe segments and welded with them to form anchor cassettes to which reinforcing loops are attached.

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