RU2085015C1 - Wheel with mechanical strain energy transformation into electrical energy - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electric cars, underground trains, other wheeled transport. SUBSTANCE: voltage is periodically picked off multilayer cylindrical sections of piezoelectric material placed near rim when wheel is rocking. Strain of sections is produced due to pressure of liquid in their location place. Liquid pressure is built up due to vehicle mass or centrifugal force of weights on wheel spokes. EFFECT: improved design. 3 cl, 5 dwg

Description

 An analogue of the claimed device is the invention [1] according to which the device is driven by the weight of the body (human or animal, for example, as indicated by a horse) to which this device is attached (for example, as indicated, to a person’s feet or next to a horse’s hoof) , produces mechanical energy, which is then converted into electrical energy used for the needs of this person or animal, for example, in devices attached to human clothing.

 In contrast to this invention, the use of the claimed device is assumed to be in a different environment when designing the wheels of vehicles for various purposes. In this case, the details of the wheel are deformed, for example, tires, and the piezoelectric elements (sections of cylinders) installed in the wheel perceive this deformation, as a result of which the electric energy is removed from them, i.e., the stages of obtaining mechanical energy and converting it into electrical energy in the inventive device inseparable.

 The second difference of the claimed device lies in its purpose: to ensure the transfer to electrical mechanical energy of the deformation of the wheel, caused not only by the weight of the vehicle, but inevitably the deformation energy resulting from the conversion of the kinetic energy of the wheel itself, moving on rough roads (potholes, bumps) of the vehicle as well as aerodynamic force, pushing the vehicle to the road.

 The prototype of the claimed wheel is a device for recharging the batteries of a vehicle [2] in which it is proposed to place piezoceramic sections of the cylinder in which the protrusions of the tire abut against the wheel chamber in the cavity between the tire and the camera. When the wheel is rolling, a periodic deformation of all parts of the tire and the camera occurs, due to which the protrusions of the pressure devices periodically deform the sections from which electric energy is removed to recharge the battery.

 At the same time, for one revolution of the wheel, only one cycle (compression - recovery) of deformation of each section occurs, which limits the amount of electric energy removed from it.

 Energy extraction is also limited due to the use of sections of only one cylinder. Therefore, with the same volume of the piezoelectric included in the wheel, but distributed in the form of sections on several coaxial hollow cylinders, the energy removal per wheel revolution can increase.

 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

 The inventive device of the wheel sets as its goal the increase in energy removal per one revolution of the wheel by increasing both the number of deformation cycles of the piezoelectric sections and the number of sections itself. Moreover, the volume of piezoelectric materials used in the wheel may not change, and an increase in the number of sections can be achieved, for example, by reducing their thickness. The smallest possible thickness is determined by the condition that there is no electrical breakdown of the piezoelectric material of the extremely deformed section.

 To solve this problem, two (external and internal) concentrically arranged cylindrical rims are provided on the wheel. Hermetically connected, they form a cavity. This cavity is made in the form of a series of communicating cavities of its parts formed by hollow cylinders coaxially installed in the cavity. The cavity is filled with the selected fluid. On each of the hollow cylinders on an elastic substrate there are placed electrically isolated sections of cylinders made of piezoelectric materials with tangential polarization, which are fixed along their extreme generators on the corresponding hollow cylinder so that the convex side of each section is in contact with the liquid. The deformation of the sections is carried out by changing the excess pressure of the fluid in the communicating cavities.

 To create excess pressure along the outer (inner) rim of the wheel, pressure devices are provided that include pressure rods with the ability to move along the radius of the wheel without mechanical contact with the sections and the substrates and hollow cylinders from the cavity and into the cavity without violating its tightness.

 The pressure rods can be moved into the wheel cavity as with an external one, i.e. to the axis of the wheel, and from the inside, i.e. from the axis of the wheel sides. In the first case, this occurs when the wheel “hits” the pressure device, in the second, when the rod is pressed into the cavity with a load connected to it, moving along the spoke of the rolling wheel under the influence of centrifugal force and / or weight of the load. The rod is ejected from the cavity in the first case when the wheel “exits” from the pressure device by restoring the shape of the elastic substrate and sections, and in the second, moreover, by pulling the rod with the load along the spoke with their weight. As a result of this arrangement of the pressure devices, each section is deformed several times in one revolution of the wheel.

 To increase the time each section is in a deformed state, which improves the conditions for the removal of piezoelectric energy from it, radial partitions can be provided in the cavity, breaking it into sealed compartments, each of which is equipped with at least one pressure device.

 To increase the energy removal, the sections of the cylinders are made of tangentially polarized material: with the same dimensions and external pressure, a thin-walled cylinder with tangential polarization allows approximately 6 times more energy to be removed compared with cases of radial or longitudinal polarization. Energy is removed during the period of the greatest deformation of the section.

 The invention appears with drawings, where in FIG. 1 schematically shows a section of a pressurized compartment with pressure rods, FIG. 2 schematically shows a wheel arrangement with a single (without radial partitions) hermetic compartment and pressure devices on the outer rim; in FIG. 3 wheel device with a single sealed compartment and pressure devices on the outer and inner rim; in FIG. 4 wheel arrangement with several airtight compartments and pressure devices on the outer rim of the wheel; in FIG. 5 - wheel device with several airtight compartments and pressure devices on the outer and inner rim of the wheel.

 The pressurized compartment, the cross section of which is shown in FIG. 1, according to the application, contains: an outer rim 1, which, along with the inner rim 2, forms an airtight cavity filled with liquid 3, which is divided into hollow coaxially mounted cylinders 4 into a communicating cavity system with pressure rods 5 on the inner and 6 on the outer rims. In the fields of the cylinder 4, including rims, sections 8, made of a piezoelectric material with tangential polarization, are fixed along their extreme generators on the elastic substrate 7. (Conventionally, only two cylinders 4 are shown in FIG. 1). Each section 8 through the bus 9 is connected to a device 10 for removing electrical voltage from the sections.

 The compartment operates cyclically as follows. When, under the influence of an external force F, the pressure rod 5 (and / or 6) moves into the compartment, the excess pressure begins to increase in the liquid 3, which leads to straightening and compression of the sections 8 and crushing of the substrates 7. When the section 8 is compressed, an electric difference arises on it potentials, which through the bus 9 is used by the device 10 for removing electrical voltage from the sections. After the disappearance of the force (or a change in its sign), the pressure rod 5 (6) is advanced from the cavity under the influence of pressure in the liquid 3 created when the substrates 7 and sections 8 return to their original position. In this case, in sections 8, the electric potential difference (reverse sign) is formed again, which is used again by the device 10. Upon completion of the removal of this electrical voltage, the device 10 earthes the sections 8, as a result of which they take their initial geometric shape and are ready for the next operation cycle.

 The wheel arrangement according to the application (Fig. 2) comprises a single hermetic compartment 11 with pressure devices 12 on the outer rim of the wheel and a device 10 provided with control and switching buses 9 of sections 8. If necessary, the wheel can be dressed with a tire 13.

 The device operates as follows.

 When the wheel is rolling, the pressure rod 6 of the pressure device 12, which is in the area where the wheel touches the road 14, under the influence of the pressure on it of the vehicle is recessed into the compartment 11, creating a pressure impulse in the liquid 3, which is two oppositely moving from 6 waves along the annular channels between the hollow by cylinders 4 and between hollow cylinders and rims extends along compartment 11. The greatest energy removal will occur when, from the time of drowning of one rod 6 to the drowning of an adjacent rod, a pressure pulse approximately one revolution, causing the phenomenon of quasi-resonance.

 At the same time, the device 10 by means of tires 9 carries out the removal of voltages of one and the other sign from each section 8 and its subsequent grounding as well, as was noted in the description of the operation of the sealed compartment in FIG. one.

 The wheel arrangement according to the application (Fig. 3) comprises a device 10 with tires 9, a single sealed compartment 11 with pressure devices 12 located on the outer and inner rim of the wheel, equipped with spokes 5 with weights 16 that can be moved along the spokes 15 and connected with push rods 5.

 The device operates as follows.

 When the wheel rolls, weights 16 under the influence of the resultant force of their weight, centrifugal force and excess pressure force from the compartment 11 move along the spokes 15. If the projection of this resultant on the axis of the spoke 15 is directed from the axis of the wheel, the pressure rod 5 is recessed into the cavity 11, if to the axis - extracted from it. In this case, the same processes occur in the cavity 11 that occur in the cavity 11 of the device in FIG. 2, and devices 10 and 12 on the outer rim work the same as in FIG. 2.

 In FIG. 4 shows a wheel arrangement according to the application, with several hermetic compartments 17 formed by radial partitions 18, each of which is equipped with a pressing device 12 located on the outer rim of the wheel. The device 10 with tires 9 is connected to sections 8 of each compartment 17.

 The device operates as follows.

 When the wheel is “hitting” the pressure device 12, the pressure rod 6 is recessed into the compartment 17, creating a constant excess pressure of liquid 3 in it until the wheel “leaves” this pressure device and the pressure rod extends from the compartment 17, in which the excess pressure will disappear and the substrates 7 and sections 8 will relax. In this case, the device 10 operates as in the previous devices, but the amount of electric energy removed per one wheel revolution does not depend on the vehicle speed.

 In FIG. 5 shows a wheel arrangement made according to the application with several sealed compartments 17 when the pressure devices 12 are located on the outer and inner rim of the wheel and the pressure rods 5 are connected to weights 16 located on the spokes 15, which can be moved on the spokes 15. The device 10 with tires 9 connected to sections 8 of each compartment 17.

 The operation of this device does not fundamentally differ from the operation of the device shown in FIG. 4, except that the warming and pulling of the pressure rods from the compartments 17 occurs under the influence of the resultant force in the same way as when the device in FIG. 3. Another difference from the operation of the device in FIG. 4 is the fact that at each moment overpressure can also be created in more than one compartment 17, i.e., in one revolution of the wheel, each compartment can work out more than once.

Thanks to the claimed distinguishing features, a technical result is achieved: an increase in comparison with the prototype of the energy removal from the wheel due to:
a) increasing the number of deformation cycles of each piezoelectric section per wheel revolution (Fig. 2,3,5), since the amount of energy removed is proportional to the number of such cycles, and the greatest energy removal is achieved with quasi-resonance;
b) the best use of the piezoelectric material located in the wheel, located not on one, as in the prototype, but on several coaxial cylinders in the form of sections of small thickness, taking into account the fact that the amount of energy removed from the sections is inversely proportional to its thickness;
c) the use of tangentially polarized cylindrical sections of piezoelectric material;
d) increasing the time interval for maintaining the mechanically deformed state of the sections (Fig. 4), which facilitates the selection of the optimal (with the least loss) moment of energy removal;
d) the use of fluid in the cavity of the location of the sections to ensure uniform deformation along the entire arc and the length of the sections fixed along their extreme generatrix.

 Evaluation calculations show that from a wheel (Fig. 4), rolling at a speed of 110 km / h under a load on its axis of about 200 kg, equipped with piezoceramic sections from TsTNSV-1 with a thickness of 5 mm, with a wheel width of 20 cm, electric power can be removed up to 1 kW, which for four wheels can add up to 10% of the vehicle engine power

Claims (3)

 1. Wheel with the transformation of energy of mechanical deformation into electrical energy, containing electrically isolated sections of the cylinder made of piezoelectric material and mounted on a cylindrical substrate on the cavity wall located along the wheel rim, hard pressure devices, as well as a device for removing electrical voltage from sections, characterized in that the cavity is formed by concentrically arranged and hermetically connected cylindrical outer and inner wheel rims and contains a number of communicating of cavities formed by coaxially mounted hollow cylinders and filled with liquid, each section is tangentially polarized, provided with an elastic substrate and fixed along its extreme generators to the corresponding hollow cylinder, including rims, so that the convex side of the section is in contact with the liquid on the outer rim wheels outside the cavity are pressure devices, each of which is equipped with a pressure rod with the possibility of radial movement of it into the cavity and from the cavity without violating the tightness without mechanical contact with sections, substrates and coaxial hollow cylinders inside the cavity.  2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with knitting needles, on each of which there is a load installed with the ability to move along the spoke, and additional pressure devices located on the inner rim outside the cavity, and the pressure rod of each of them is connected to weight on the corresponding spoke.  3. The device according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the cavity with radial partitions is divided into sealed compartments, each of which is equipped with a pressure device.

Images