RU2084433C1 - Formulation for preparing emulsifier for exposures - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemical industry. SUBSTANCE: formulation comprises, wt.-%: saturated and/or unsaturated C₁₀-C₂₃ carboxylic acids, 7.0-20.0; ethylene diamine or polyethylene polyamines, 1.8-2.6; di- and/or C₂-C₄-alkanol amines, 1.5-3.6; potassium sulfonate, 8.0-20.0; and mineral substrate. Formulation makes it possible to obtain emulsifier thermally resistant at 80 C. EFFECT: improved properties of emulsifiers. 1 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to a composition for producing an emulsion type explosive emulsifier (emulsion explosives) intended for use as industrial explosives in the mining industry.

The development of emulsion explosives is a promising area of research, as it makes it possible to reduce the cost of industrial explosives and increase the safety of work with them [1]
The proposed composition for producing an emulsifier is supposed to be used in water-in-oil emulsion explosives, in which the content of the continuous medium (oil phase) is only 5-7% by mass, and the bulk of 93-95% is the dispersed phase, the role of which is the aqueous solution oxidizing agents (nitrates of alkali metals, ammonium, calcium and others). The emulsifier content in the composition of the emulsion explosives composition is 1-3% by weight.

Stability and thermal stability are the most important of the complex of properties that determine the quality of emulsion explosives. The safety of operations during long-term transportation and storage of emulsion explosives in coal mines depends on them. The stability and thermal stability of emulsion explosives largely depend on the choice of emulsifier. Most known emulsifiers do not provide the necessary level of these characteristics [1-3]
It is known emulsion explosives [3] upon receipt of which an emulsifier is used, consisting of two components A and B. As component A, oleic and linoleic acids or a mixture thereof is used. Component B is a C ₁ -C ₆ -alkylamino, C ₁ -C ₆ -alkildiaminy, hydrazine, C ₂ -C ₆ -alkanolaminy, urea, and mixtures thereof.

This emulsifier allows you to get stable emulsion explosives at temperatures up to 75 ^o C. Above this temperature, the emulsion is not formed.

 The aim of the invention is to develop a composition for producing an emulsifier, the use of which makes it possible to increase the thermal stability of emulsion explosives while maintaining a high level of their stability, density and explosive characteristics.

 To solve this problem, a composition for producing an emulsifier is proposed, which is a composition of surface-active substances in the form of a solution in a mineral base, of the following composition, wt.

saturated and / or unsaturated carbonic C ₁₀ -C ₂₃ acids - 7.0-20.0
ethylene diamine or polyethylene polyamines 1.8-2.6
di- and / or tri-C ₂ -C ₄ alkanolamines 1.5-3.6
sodium sulfate 8.0-20.0
mineral base rest
As the polyethylene polyamines in the proposed composition, diethylene triamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylene pentamine, mixtures thereof or technical mixtures of polyethylene polyamines can be used.

As carboxylic acids, individual saturated and / or unsaturated C ₁₀ -C ₂₃ carboxylic acids (for example, oleic, stearic, palmitic, linoleic, etc.) or mixtures thereof, tall oil or tall oil fatty acid fractions, synthetic fatty acids can be used acids or mixtures thereof.

 In the proposed composition for the preparation of an explosive emulsifier, the ratio of carboxylic acids to the total amine content is not equivalent.

 Used in the proposed composition, sodium sulfonate is a higher neutral alkyl benzene or petroleum sulfonate, preferably with a molecular weight of 480-600.

As a mineral base can be used mineral oils with a viscosity of 5-53 cst at 50 ^o C or extracts from the phenolic purification of these oils.

The technology for the production of emulsifier emulsion explosives on the basis of the proposed composition consists in mixing the components at low temperatures. At the stage of mixing acids and amines, an exothermic reaction of the formation of the corresponding salts proceeds spontaneously. To reduce the viscosity of the starting components, improve mixing, reduce the time of the technological cycle, the mixing of the components, it is advisable to carry out at a temperature of 30-50 ^o C.

 The following are examples of proposed compositions for the preparation of an emulsifier of explosives.

 Example 1

Synthetic fatty acids of fraction C ₁₀ -C ₁₆ and tall oil in a ratio of 1: 1 wt. 7.0
Ethylenediamine 1.0
Dibutanolamine and tributanolamine in a ratio of 1: 1 wt. 2.6
Sodium Sulfonate 10.4
Mineral base 78.2
Example 2

Stearic and linoleic acids in a ratio of 1: 2 wt. 12.8
Diethylenetriamine 2.1
Dipropanolamine 1.5
Sodium Sulfonate 8.0
Mineral base 75.6
Example 3

Oleic acid 20.0
Triethylenetetramine 2.6
Diethanolamine 2.9
Sodium Sulfonate 20.0
Mineral base 54.5
Example 4

Synthetic fatty acids of fraction C ₁₇ -C ₂₃ . 16.8
Polyethylene Polyamines 2.6
Triethanolamine 2.1
Sodium Sulfonate 16.1
Mineral base 61.4
The test results of samples of emulsion explosives, obtained on the basis of the proposed composition and known, are shown in the table.

 The composition of the samples of emulsion explosives N 1 4 had the following composition, wt.

Ammonium nitrate 62
Sodium Nitrate 16
Water 15
Oil IGP-38 5
Emulsifier 2
The composition of sample No. 5 had the following composition, wt.

Ammonium nitrate 78
Water 15
Oil IGP-38 5
Emulsifier 2
In the sample of emulsion explosives No. 5, an emulsifier was used, obtained on the basis of the proposed composition shown in example 4.

The preparation of emulsion explosives was carried out in a mixer with heating at a temperature of 80-85 ^o C. When stirring with a high-speed mixer (2000 ± 500 rpm), an aqueous solution of inorganic oxidants, preheated to the same temperature, is added to the emulsifier solution in mineral oil and mixed with that same speed until the formation of an emulsion. An aqueous solution (10-20%) of sodium nitrite in the amount of 0.1% by weight of the emulsion explosive was used as a gas generating additive in the composition of the emulsion explosives.

The stability of the emulsion explosives samples was determined by the time before crystallization began at 20 ^o C. Thermal stability was estimated by the time before the crystallization or separation of emulsion explosives began when they were thermostated at 80 ± 1 ^o C.

 The results of comparative tests show that the emulsion explosives samples obtained using the proposed composition are superior to those known for thermal stability and are at a high level in stability, density and explosive characteristics.

Claims (1)

A method for producing an emulsifier of explosives based on carboxylic acids and amines, characterized in that it contains di- and / or tri-C ₂ -C ₄ alkanolamines and ethylenediamine or polyethylene polyamines as amines and additionally contains sodium sulfonate and a mineral base in the following the ratio of components, wt. Saturated and / or unsaturated carboxylic C _{1 0} -C _{2 3} -acids 7 20
Ethylene diamine or polyethylene polyamines 1.8 2.6
Di- and / or tri-C ₂ -C ₄ alkanolamines 1.5 3.6
Sodium Sulfate 8 20
Mineral base

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