RU2083972C1 - Device indicating pollution of sewage with oil products - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: measurement technology, monitoring of content of oil products in sewage, local purification facilities in oil industry. SUBSTANCE: device is fitted with second measurement chamber submerged into tested liquid with localization of surface layer. Inlet and outlet of first chamber have zigzag shape. Units for input and output of radiation optically coupled to radiation source and via spectral light filters to radiation detectors electrically connected to processing and indication units are mounted in upper of both chambers. EFFECT: increased functional reliability. 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to measuring equipment, in particular to means for monitoring the content of petroleum products in wastewater, and can be applied in the oil, refining and petrochemical industries at local treatment facilities to indicate the content of petroleum products in wastewater.

 A device is known for monitoring the content of oil products in water [1] whose principle of operation is based on the determination of the light transmission of a water stream in the spectral region (λ = 254 nm), characterized by a maximum absorption of radiation by oil products. The disadvantages of this device are low functionality and reliability control.

 The closest in technical essence to the proposed one is an indicator of water surface contamination with oil products [2] containing a monostatic lidar with a spherical receiving mirror with a silicon photodiode in focus and a radiation source made on a semiconductor laser or infrared LED. Lidar is mounted on a bracket located on rigidly connected floats. The power supply, processing unit and indication unit are located on the same floats. The indicator captures the presence of petroleum products by the contrast of the oil film on a clean water surface.

 The disadvantages of this design are the low functionality due to the inability of the device to control the content of oil in water in the dissolved state, as well as the low reliability of the control due to the possibility of false operation of the indicator in the event of a change in natural, artificial lighting or the appearance of substances on the surface of the water of non-petroleum origin, with reflection coefficient greater than that of water.

 The invention solves the problem of increasing the reliability of control and expanding the functionality of the device.

 The problem is solved in that the device is additionally equipped with a second measuring chamber immersed in a controlled liquid with localization of the surface layer, and the input and output of the first chamber are made in a zigzag shape, and radiation input devices in the form of lenses paired with a frequency doubler are installed in the upper parts of both chambers and outputting radiation in the form of lenses optically coupled through a fiber optic communication line, respectively, to a source and through spectral filters with radiation receivers, an electron cally connected to the processing and display unit. These signs are essential for solving the problem of the invention, since the presence of two chambers in the device allows to expand the functionality of the device by determining the content of dissolved petroleum products in water and identifying the film, and the zigzag-shaped entrance and exit of the first chamber block the ingress of natural or artificial external lighting into without hindering the ingress of film. The combination of features in input devices, radiation leads, allows measurement simultaneously in both chambers and the presence of petroleum products by their integrated luminescence.

 In FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal vertical section of the device and its structural diagram; figure 2 is a longitudinal horizontal section of the device.

 The device contains a pair of floats 1,2, rigidly interconnected by brackets with the formation of isolated from each other measuring chambers 3,4. Chamber 3 is partially immersed with its entire perimeter in a liquid with localization of the surface layer. The chamber 4 is partially immersed in the liquid with the possibility of its passage through the inner cavity of the chamber 4 along the input 5 and output 6 channels of a zigzag shape. In the upper parts of chambers 3,4 there are installed devices for inputting ultraviolet (UV) radiation in the form of lenses 7.8 from a material that transmits radiation of a given spectral region (for example, KU brand), optically coupled to the output of a frequency doubler 9, and a radiation output device in the form 10.11 lenses. The output of the frequency doubler 9 and the output of the radiation output device 10.11 through fiber-optic communication lines (FOCL) 12 are connected respectively to a radiation source 13 of the visible spectral region (laser), and through spectral filters 14.15 with radiation receivers 16.17, which in turn, are electrically connected to the processing units 18 and indication 19.

где dp мощность излучения;
ddΩ телесный угол, в пределах которого распространяется излучение.The device operates as follows. The radiation source 13 produces a monochromatic radiant flux in the visible region of the spectrum with a radiation force of I _e [3]

where dp is the radiation power;
ddΩ is the solid angle within which the radiation propagates.

Considering that the radiation is transmitted via FOCL 12, at the output of the line we will have a radiation force I _1e .

гдe K1 коэффициент передачи по ВОЛС.

where K1 is the fiber optic transmission coefficient.

где К2 коэффициент передачи излучения через удвоитель частоты.Thus, getting to the input of the frequency doubler 9, a radiant flux with a frequency n ₁ in the visible region of the spectrum is converted in a crystal that does not have a center of symmetry to a frequency 2ν ₁ , which corresponds to the UV spectral range, the radiation strength I _{2e of} which will be equal to

where K2 is the transmission coefficient of the radiation through the frequency doubler.

где K3 коэффициент передачи лучистого потока через устройства ввода излучения 7,8.The radiant flux from the output of the frequency doubler 9 falls evenly onto the radiation input device 7.8, which co-beam it and direct it to the surface of the controlled liquid in the measuring chambers 3,4. The general expression of the radiation force I _3e directed to the liquid surface of each measuring chamber can be written

where K3 is the transmission coefficient of the radiant flux through radiation input devices 7.8.

где κ коэффициент экстинкции, характеризующий в данном случае потери оптического излучения за счет его поглощения и рассеивания;
l длина волны излучения.When a part of the UV radiation is incident on the surface of the liquid, it is reflected, and part penetrates into the liquid layer, being absorbed by it depending on the water absorption coefficient K _in (UV) [3]

where κ is the extinction coefficient, characterizing in this case the loss of optical radiation due to its absorption and scattering;
l radiation wavelength.

Since the irradiation of the liquid is carried out at a wavelength of the UV spectrum, for which in the same medium
k _uv >> κ _in , (6)
where κ _UV , κ _are the extinction coefficients for UV and visible radiation, respectively,
then
K _{in (UV)} > K _{in (c)} , (7)
where K _{in (c) is} the water absorption coefficient of the radiation of the visible region of the spectrum.

 Given that the attenuation of radiation at a depth dω occurs exponentially [3] ie

dI _4e = I _3e exp (-K _in dω), (8)
where dI _{4e is the} force of UV radiation at a depth dω,
as well as expressions (5,6,7), it is seen that the intensity of UV radiation will decrease sharply as it penetrates through a layer of water. In turn, the strength of UV radiation dI _4e at a depth dω will be related to the luminescence strength dJ _{l of the} controlled fluid caused by this UV radiation [4]
dI _l dI _4e • K (195) • (1-10 ^a ), (9)
where K is a constant coefficient for this device, taking into account the transition factor from the intensity of the absorbed radiation to that part of the unabsorbed luminescent radiation that falls on the radiation output devices 10,11;
And the optical density of the solution at the wavelength of the incident UV radiation, the value of which depends on K _in and the refractive index of water N.

 From the expression (8.9) it follows that the maximum luminescence intensity will be observed in the upper layers of the liquid, which is confirmed by the obtained experimental data (1-3 mm). On the measurement of the luminescence radiation power of the film and the dissolved oil product in these layers, the operation of the device was calculated.

Given that the device is equipped with two 3.4 measuring chambers, in which, in the absence of a film of oil products, the condition
I _{l (3k)} I _{l 4k} I _l , (10)
where I _{l (3k)} , I _{l (4k)} the luminescence force in the measuring chambers 3.4,
then under the action of radiation 10, 11, VLS 12 transmitted through the output device, spectral filters 14.15 of radiation, radiation receivers 16.17 will produce the same amplitude signals U.

U = S _I • R _n • Φ _f.d. • K4, (11)
where S _{I is the} current sensitivity of the photodiode;
R _N load resistance;
K ₄ transmission coefficient through fiber optic output devices, spectral filters;
Φ _fp radiant flux received by the photodiode.

где Ω1 телесный угол, принимаемый устройствами вывода 10,11 излучения люминесценции
или

Полученные сигналы обрабатываются блоком обработки 18 и сравниваются в нем.

where Ω1 is the solid angle received by the output devices 10.11 of the luminescence radiation
or

The received signals are processed by the processing unit 18 and compared in it.

Under the condition of equal signals in chamber 3, the spectrum-integrated luminescence of oil products dissolved in water is measured, the intensity of which will depend on the quantitative content of these substances and coefficient A in expressions (9.13). If the magnitude of the signal from the radiation receiver 16 in amplitude is greater than the pre-calibrated for a certain content of petroleum products, the comparison unit 18 provides a signal to the display device 19. If a film of petroleum products appears in the chamber 4, expression (10) is violated due to strong luminescence intensity of free oil products, i.e., I _l4k > I _l3k . The processing unit 18 when comparing the signals from the photodetectors 16.17 captures the difference U _I4 - U _I3 > 0 and provides a signal to the indicating device 19.

 This device in comparison with the prototype has wider functionality and high reliability of control by determining not only the film of the oil product, but also determining the excess of the normalized content of dissolved oil in water by the intensity of the integrated luminescence when irradiated with UV radiation.

Claims (1)

 A device for indicating wastewater contamination with oil products, containing a pair of floats connected by brackets to form a measuring chamber, a radiation source and receiver, electrically connected respectively to power supply, processing and indication units, characterized in that the device is additionally equipped with a second measuring chamber immersed in controlled fluid with localization of the surface layer, and the input and output of the first chamber are made in a zigzag shape, and in the upper parts of both chambers Credited radiation input device in the form of lenses, coupled with the frequency doubler and the output radiation in the form of a lens, optically coupled by a fiber optic link, respectively, with the source and through the spectral filters with radiation receivers, electrically connected to the processing and display unit.

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